This Presentation contains sexual aspect of the self where you are able to understand your human nature.

2. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF SEXUAL
DESIRE
Sexual desire : typically viewed as an interest in sexual objects or activities.
More precisely, it is the subjective feeling of wanting to engage in sex.
It can be triggered by a large variety of cues and situations such as:
a. private thoughts, feelings and fantasies
b. erotic materials
c. erotic environments, situations or social interactions

3.  Sexual desire is often confused with sex drive, but these are different constructs.
 Sex drive – It represents a basic, biologically mediated motivation to seek sexual activity or sexual
gratification.
 Sexual desire – It represents a more complex psychological experience that is not totally dependent on
hormonal factors but, probably still facilitated by hormones.
 One of the most notable gender differences on sexual desire is that women place great emphasis on
interpersonal relationships as part of the experience. Males on the other hand, enjoy a more casual sexual
behavior.
 Early human females practiced selective mating with carefully chosen males to achieve a maximum
reproductive success, while no such pressure was evident on men. This may have favored the evolution of
stronger sexual desires in men than in women.

4. THE DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIORS
 Sexual behaviors and/or activities may come in the from of masturbation, premarital sex, marital sex,
extramarital sex, heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality.
 Masturbation – this is a sexual act of stimulating one’s own genitals done alone by an
individual.
 Premarital sex – this refers to the sexual activities people engage in outside of marriage.
 Marital sex – these are the sexual activities that happen within the bounds of marriage.
 Extramarital sex – these are sexual activities that married people engage in with people
they are not married to.
 Heterosexuality – as a sexual behavior, heterosexuality happens between persons of the
opposite sex.
 Homosexuality – opposite to heterosexuality, homosexuality, as a sexual behavior, refers
to sexual attraction and activities that happen between two persons of the same sex.
 Bisexuality – this refers to sexual behavior of one who engages in sexual acts with
someone from the opposite or same sex.

5.  Sexual orientation – It is defined as an individual’s general sexual disposition toward partners
of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes. Or, it is a person’s emotional and erotic
attraction toward another individual. There has been much interest in sexual desire as an
index of sexual orientation.
 Historically, the most important indicator of same – sex orientation was same – sex sexual
desire.
 Gay, lesbian or bisexual individuals were not the only people who ever experienced sexual
desires. It was found though that completely heterosexual persons periodically experience
same – sex sexual desires.
 Thus, researchers now generally believe that lesbian, gay and bisexual orientations are
characterized by persistent and intense experiences of same – sex desire that are stable
over time.

6.  Gender Identity – It refers to one’s sense of being male or female. Generally, our gender identities
correspond to our chromosomal and phenotypic sex, but this is not always the case.
 Sex is a label – male or female – that you’re assigned by a doctor at birth based on the genitals
you’re born with.
 Gender is defined as “the relations between men and women, both perceptual and material.
Gender, is not determined biologically but is constructed socially.
 WHAT IS LGBTQ+?
 It is an umbrella term for a wide spectrum of gender identities, sexual orientations, and
romantic orientations.
 L stands for lesbian.
 G stands for gay.
 B stands for bisexual or someone who is sexually/romantically attracted to both men and women.
 T or Trans*/Transgender is an umbrella term for people who do not identify with the gender
assigned to them at birth.
 Q stands for queer. It is a useful term for those who are questioning their identities and are
unsure about using more specific terms, or those who simply do not wish to label themselves and
prefer to use a broader umbrella term.
 + The plus is there to signify that many identities are not explicitly represented by letters. This
includes but not limited to intersex and asexual.

7.  Intersex – people who are born with a mix of male and female biological traits that can
make it hard for the doctors to assign a male or female sex.
 Asexual – a person who is not interested in or does desire sexual activity.
 Regardless of how sexual orientation is determined, always remember that it is not a
choice. Rather, it is relatively stable characteristic of a person that cannot be changed.
 The only real choice that the LGBTQ+ community has to deal with is whether to be open
about their orientation.

8. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STD’S)
What are STD’s? STD stands for sexually transmitted diseases. It is also known as STI or
sexually transmitted infection. In general, STD is a disease or infection acquired through
sexual contact where the organisms that cause STD are passed on from person to person in
blood, semen, and vaginal or any bodily fluids.
STD can also be transmitted non sexually such as :
• Mother to infant during pregnancy;
• Blood transfusion
• People sharing needles for injection.

9.  HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
 HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated needle exchange and
blood transfusion, and during pregnancy. AIDS refers to the occurrence of specific diseases
due to the contraction of HIV.
 GONORRHEA
 A bacterial infection of the mucous membranes including the eye, throat, genitals, and other
organs. Usual symptoms in men include secretion of yellowish – white fluid from the penis and
painful urination. For women, they may experience painful urination with discharge,
accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, pelvic inflammatory disease.

10.  Syphilis – an infection caused by corkscrew – shaped bacterium called Treponema pallidum that is
transmitted through direct contact with a syphilitic sore on the skin.
 It causes sores on the vagina, anus, rectum, even in lips and mouth.
 Syphilis is transmitted by merely kissing an infected person.
 Syphilis may lead to paralysis, crippling, blindness, heart disease,brain, and organ
damage, dementia and even death.

11.  Genital herpes – it is a viral infection that causes blisters on the genitals. It also causes itching
and a burning sensation on the skin. Unfortunately, there is no cure for genital herpes, but
there are medications to reduce its severity and the frequency of outbreaks.

12.  Genital Warts – are warts caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) that grows in the genital or anal area.

13.  Chancroid – it is a bacterial infection that causes sores or ulcers on the genitals. Chancroid
sores usually appear at the head of the penis for men and on the labia majora for women.

14.  Pubic lice (crabs) – are very small parasites that infest the genital area which are primarily spread
through sexual contact. The parasites are attached to the pubic hair and may even be transmitted with
contaminated clothes, bedding, and other items.

15.  Scabies - is a skin condition that is caused by infestation of tiny mites called Sarcoptes scabiei.
Symptoms of mite invasion include itching and rashes. Similar to other mites, they lay and hatch
eggs in human skin. It is usually transmitted through sexual intercourse and close body contact.
These mites cannot jump or fly but sharing of clothes and other washable items may also lead
to their transmission.

16.  Trichomoniasis – An infection caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Men
infected with trichomoniasis may experience itching, genital irritation with discharge, and
painful urination and ejaculation. Women infected with trichomoniasis may also feel
itching, genital soreness and irritation, painful urination with unusual discharge that can be
yellowish or greenish in color.

17.  Molluscum contagiosum – another sexually transmitted infection caused by molluscum
contagiosum virus. It is a skin condition characterized by small lumps (molluscum) which are
pearly – white or slightly pink. These lumps, when squeezed, release a white cheesy fluid. The
virus can be transmitted also through skin – to – skin contact and through sharing of clothes
and other personal things.

18. ADVANTAGES OF FAMILY PLANNING
 Family planning allows both men and women to make informed choices on when and if they
decide to have children.
 Benefits of family planning according to the WHO
 Prevent pregnancy – related health risks in women
 Reduce infant mortality
 Help prevent HIV/AIDS
 Empower people and enhance education
 Reduce adolescent pregnancies
 Slow population growth

19.  Benefits of Using Family Planning According to DOH
Family planning provides many benefits to mother, children, father and the family
Mother
 Enables her to regain her health after delivery
 Gives enough time and opportunity to love and provide attention to her husband and
children.
 Gives more time for family and own personal advancement.
 When suffering from an illness, gives more time for treatment and recovery.
Children
 Healthy mothers produce healthy children
 Will get all the attention, security, love and care they deserve.
Father
 Lightens the burden and responsibility in supporting his family
 Enables him to give his children their basic needs.
 Gives him time for his family and own personal attachment
 When suffering from an illness, gives enough time for treatment and recovery

20. METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION
 It should be safe enough. There should be no unwanted side – effect for every individual using the
contraceptive.
 It should be efficient in averting unwanted pregnancy.
 It should be simple and easy to use.
 It should be available at any time.
Some of the recognized methods in family planning are:
1. Folk method
2. Behavioral Contraceptives
3. Mechanical contraceptives
4. Chemical contraceptives
5. Intrauterine Devices
6. Pills
7. Sterilization
8. Injectables

21. 1. FOLK METHOD
 Lactation Amenorrhea Method – through exclusive breastfeeding, the woman is able to suppress
ovulation. Or prolonged lactation, according to doctors, helps delay ovulation.
2. BEHAVIORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
 Do not need any artificial devices.
 Pregnancy can be prevented by altering the natural process of sexual relations, thus impeding the union
of the egg and perm cells.
 It requires a high degree of motivation for partner or couples.
 Rhythm method - couples are enjoined to abstain for a certain period while the woman is fertile. The
woman will keep track of her body temperature every morning. During the menstrual cycle, the highest
recorded body temperature is the time that the woman is most fertile.
 Ovulation method – this practice makes use of the observed mucous discharge from the vagina at the
beginning of a woman’s fertile period. After menstruation, a woman experiences a feeling of dryness in
the genital area. These days are safe. When the woman feels that she is no longer dry, this means that
there is a mucous discharge from the vagina, which normally appears three days after menstruation, a
sign that ovulation will take place.

22. All the wet days or mucous days are safe whether feeling dry or wet until the start of the next menstruation.
 Withdrawal or Coitus interruptus – this is a process wherein the man, during sexual intercourse, withdraws
the penis out of the vagina before orgasm.
 Coitus reservatus - the deliberate delaying or avoidance of orgasm during intercourse. The man withholds
the ejaculation but instead attempts to remain at the plateau phase of intercourse for as long as possible,
avoiding the seminal emission.
3. MECHANICAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• There are mechanical contraceptives of different from that act as barriers to prevent the sperm from
entering the uterus, thereby preventing pregnancy.
 Condom – the condom is a thin material made of rubber used during sexual activity. The man wears the
condom on his penis to prevent the sperm from entering the vagina.

23.  Diaphragm – this is a shallow rubber cup inserted into the vagina. The diaphragm is coated with
spermicidal cream or jelly to prevent the entry of sperm into the uterus. After intercourse, the
diaphragm should not be removed for eight hours.
 Cervical caps – these are fitted over the cervix by a doctor. Usually, cervical caps can be worn for a
month starting after menstruation up to the onset of the next menstruation.

24. 4. CHEMICAL CONTRACEPTIVES
• Better known as spermicides, are used to prevent pregnancy by stopping the sperm from
entering the uterus.
 Vaginal suppositories and tablets – a suppository is a small, bullet – shaped dosage from
containing chemicals used in destroying the sperm cells. It is inserted in the vagina to
melt before sexual intercourse.
 Contraceptives jellies, creams, and vaginal foams – these are applied onto the vagina
shortly before the sexual intercourse. Vaginal foams are packaged with butane
propellant in a bottle or are sold with plastic applicators. They are effective for an hour
as long as the vagina will not be douched or washed six hours after intercourse.
According to some doctors, the most effective spermicide is the vaginal foam.

25. VAGINAL SUPPOSITORIES AND TABLETS

26. CONTRACEPTIVES JELLIES, CREAMS, AND VAGINAL FOAMS

27. 5. INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD) – It is a small device of polyethylene plastic or thin copper wire inserted into
the uterus by a physician. IUD includes the coil, the loop, and the Copper T that are used to avoid
pregnancy. IUD has a nylon trail which can be felt at the cervical opening.
6. Pills – Taking the pill is completely dissociated from the sexual act. The pill render the woman infertile.
She does not need to think about pregnancy. When taken exactly as prescribed, the pill is almost 100
percent effective. The pill contains hormones which prevent conception by inhibiting the ovaries from
releasing egg cells.
7. STERILIZATION – It is done with comparative ease and is virtually 100 percent effective. Sterilization of the
male is achieved through vasectomy and sterilization of the female is through tubal ligation.
a. vasectomy – the vas deferens, the tube through which the sperms are transported, is tied off or
cauterized, causing the sperm to be reabsorbed by the body instead of becoming part of the semen.
b. Tubal ligation – a large abdominal incision is made and the fallopian tubes are cut and tied off. Ovulation
and menstruation continue as usual but the ripened egg cannot enter the uterus.
8. Injectables – one of the latest forms of contraception. This contraceptive is injected in a woman to inhibit
ovulation. An injection usually lasts for three months.