1. Food Security and Urban-Rural Reciprocity in Johannesburg: Reflections from the RENEWAL Study, 2008 Scott Drimie, Jo Vearey and Lorena Nunez University of the Witwatersrand Forced Migration Studies Programme Health and Migration Initiative

5. Johannesburg study sites

7. Urban informal settlements have double the HIV prevalence of urban formal areas in South Africa

8. Sickness and HIV: if someone ‘back home’ becomes sick with HIV/AIDS Send money home Return home to provide care 33% 19% Nothing 34 % Bring to JHB 14 % 63% 11 % 6% 21 % Informal Formal n = 457 Chi-square = 40.796; p = <0.001

9. Sickness and HIV: if the individual in Johannesburg becomes too sick to work, the majority will return back home Support 54 % 67% Importance of food Burden on the household back home. Urban livelihood that supports another household ‘back home’ would be affected.

10. Food Security in Johannesburg: Key Findings from Sol Plaatjie and the Inner City Food security measured as an outcome of a diverse livelihood strategy Explored through comparing the Inner City to the Urban Informal Many important indicators and measurements:

12. Perception of Status: respondents residing informally were more likely to report that their food access has worsened since moving to Johannesburg Chi-square 32.170; p = <0.0001

13. Experience of a Food Shortage: respondents residing informally are more likely to have experienced a food shortage in the past 12 months

14. Shocks causing food shortage Chi-square 52.788; p = <0.0001

15. Strategies to cope with food insecurity Strategies to cope with food shortage 0 50 100 150 200 250 rely on hh members rely on hh members and grant money do extra work borrow from relatives outside the hh borrow from friends and neighbours rely on boyfriend nobody to rely upon relative frequencies (%) strategies

17. Dietary Diversity Score:

18. Dietary Diversity Score:

19. Dietary Diversity Score: respondents residing informally were more likely to have a deficient dietary score Chi-square 89.880; p = <0.0001 Score 0 - 3 Score 4 - 6 Score 7 - 9 24 hour Dietary Diversity Score

20. Dietary Diversity Score:

23. [1 GAIn, 2009 ; Steyn et al. 2005 ; Kruger et al. 2007 Comparison of stunting for children aged 1-9 years nationally and by area of residence: South Africa 1999 and 2005

27. An Aligned Approach?