Citizenship & Suffrage

ARTICLE IV & V,[object Object],CITIZENSHIP AND SUFFRAGE,[object Object]

I. Meaning of Citizenship,[object Object],Citizenship- a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political community, which membership implies, reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on his part and duty of protection on the part of the State.,[object Object],Citizen– a person having the title of citizenship, who as such enjoys full civil and political rights. In a monarchical state, he is often called a subject.,[object Object],Alien– a citizen of a country who is residing in or passing through another country. He is also called a “foreigner.” He is not given full rights to citizenship, but is entitled to receive protection as to his person and property.,[object Object]

II. Ways of Acquiring Citizenship,[object Object],A. Citizenship by Birth :2 Principles,[object Object],Jus sanguinis - blood relationship is the basis for the basis for the acquisition of citizenship under this rule. The children follow the citizenship of the parents or one of them.,[object Object],Jus soli or jus loci– place of birth serves as the basis for acquiring citizenship under this rule. A person becomes a citizen of the state where he is born, irrespective of the citizenship of the parents.,[object Object]

B. Citizenship by Naturalization: 3 Ways,[object Object],Naturalization- the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the state and clothing him with the rights and privileges of citizenship.,[object Object], 1. By judgement of the court,[object Object], 2. By direct act of Congress,[object Object], 3. By administrative proceedings,[object Object]

III. Kinds of Citizenship under the Constitution,[object Object],(1)Natural-born citizens – they refer to those who:,[object Object],Are already citizens of the Philippines from birth without performing any act to acquire or perfect his Philippine citizenship.,[object Object],Those born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino, who elect Philippine upon reaching the age of majority.,[object Object],(2)Naturalized citizens- they refer to those who were originally citizens of another country, but who by intervening act have acquired new citizenship in another country.,[object Object]

IV. Filipino Citizens:(Art. IV, Sec. 1),[object Object],1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;,[object Object],2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;,[object Object],3. Those born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino mother who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and,[object Object],4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with the law.,[object Object]

V. Loss and Reacquisition of Citizenship,[object Object],Expatriation- the voluntary loss or renunciation of one’s citizenship- a Filipino citizen may lose his citizenship in any of the following ways and/or events: ,[object Object], 1.By naturalization in a foreign country;,[object Object], 2. By express renunciation of citizenship;,[object Object], 3. By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution and laws of a foreign country;,[object Object], 4. By rendering services to or accepting commission in the armed forces of a foreign country;,[object Object], 5. By cancelling of the certificate of naturalization; and,[object Object], 6. By having been declared a deserter in the Armed Forces of the Philippines, in times of war by competent authority.,[object Object]

Repatriation- reacquisition of loss citizenship-citizenship may be reacquired:,[object Object],1. By naturalization;,[object Object],2. By a direct act of Congress;,[object Object],3. By repatriation of deserters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and women who lost their citizenship by reason of marriage to an alien, after the termination of their marital status.,[object Object]

VI. Effect of Marriage of Citizen to an Alien,[object Object],Under Sec. 4, a Filipino citizen who marries an alien does not automatically lose his/her citizenship, unless “by their act omission they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced their citizenship.”,[object Object]

VII. Dual Allegiance of Citizens,[object Object],Sec. 5 does not prohibit dual citizenship per se. What is prohibited is dual allegiance, particularly of naturalized citizens. It is considered inimical to national interest, and Congress is required that it be dealt with by law.,[object Object]

VIII. Duties and Obligation of Citizens,[object Object],To be loyal to the Republic;,[object Object],To defend the State;,[object Object],To contribute to the development and welfare of the State;,[object Object],To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws;,[object Object],To cooperate with duly constituted authorities;,[object Object],To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard to the rights of others;,[object Object],To engage in gainful work; and,[object Object],To register and vote.,[object Object]

XI. CONCEPT OF SUFFRAGE,[object Object],Suffrage – is the right and obligation to vote of qualified citizens in the election of certain national and local officers of the government and in the decision of public questions submitted to the people.,[object Object]

Nature of Suffrage:,[object Object], 1. A mere privilege- suffrage is not a natural right of the citizens but merely a privilege to be given or withheld by the lawmaking power, subject to constitutional limitations.,[object Object], 2. A political right- in the sense of right conferred by the Constitution, suffrage is classified as a political right, enabling every citizen to participate in the decision-making process of the government.,[object Object]

X. Scope of suffrage:,[object Object],Election- it is the means by which the people choose their officials for a definite and fixed periods and to whom they entrust, as their representatives, the exercise of powers of government;,[object Object],Plebiscite- it is the name given to a vote of the people expressing their choice for or against a proposed law or enactment submitted to them;,[object Object],Referendum- it is the submission of a law or part thereof by the national or local legislative body to the voting citizens of a country for their ratification or rejection;,[object Object],Initiative- it is the process whereby the people directly propose and enact laws; and,[object Object],Recall- it is a method by which a public officer may be removed from office during his tenure or before the expiration of his term by a vote of the people after registration of a petition signed by a required percentage of the qualified voters.,[object Object]

XI. Qualification of Voters: Art. V, Sec. 1,[object Object],1. A citizen of the Philippines;,[object Object],2. Not otherwise disqualified by law;,[object Object],3. At least eighteen years old; and,[object Object],4. Have resided in the Philippines for at least one year and in the place wherein he proposes to vote for at least six months preceding the election.,[object Object]

Disqualifications:,[object Object],1. Any person who has been sentenced by final judgment to suffer imprisonment for not less than one year, such disability not having been removed by plenary pardon; provided, however, that any person disqualified to vote under this paragraph shall automatically reacquire the right to vote upon expiration of five years after service of sentence;,[object Object],2. Any person who has been judged by final judgment by competent court of having violated his allegiance to the Republic on the Philippines; and,[object Object],3. Insane persons.,[object Object]

XII. Securing the Secrecy and Sanctity of the Ballot,[object Object],In a democracy, suffrage is the primary means in ensuring that the public officials who will be given the power to rule are really chosen by the majority of the people. The result of an honest, free, and clean elections is therefore a reflection of the people’s sovereign will of choosing from among the candidates those that would be given the mandate to rule. ,[object Object]

XIII. System of Absentee Voting,[object Object],RA 9189 (Feb. 4, 2003) provides for a system of overseas absentee voting by qualified citizens abroad. All citizens of the Philippines abroad, who are not otherwise disqualified by law, at least 18 y/o, may vote for President, Vice President, Senators and Party-list Representatives.,[object Object],In addition, RA 7166 (Nov. 26, 1991) provides for a system of local absentee voting, whereby government officials and employees, including members of the AFP and the PNP, and even teachers, who are registered voters, are allowed to vote for the President, Vice President, and Senators, in places here they are registered but where they are temporarily assigned on election day to perform poll duties.,[object Object]

Prepared by:,[object Object],GROUP 3:,[object Object],JovinAllam,[object Object],Jarine Pascua,[object Object],Dominic Bautista,[object Object],AizaBetay,[object Object],Jenny Ugaddan,[object Object],Etc……………….,[object Object]

Citizenship & Suffrage

Citizenship & Suffrage

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