3. An endocrine disorder; a group of metabolic
diseases characterised by elevated levels of
glucose in the blood resulting from defects in
insulin secretion, insulin action, insulin
receptors or any combination of conditions.
OR EASILY PUT….
Cells are swimming in glucose (their food) but
starving to death because of insulin issues.
4. Type I: Destruction of beta cells->
decreased insulin production->uncontrolled
glucose production-> HYPERGLYCEMIA
Type II: Decreased sensitivity of insulin
receptor to insulin-> less uptake of glucose->
HYPERGLYCEMIA
REMEMBER the concept
~Sugar Into The Cells~
5. Type 1 – IDDM
LITTLE to NO Insulin Type 2– NIDDM
20-30% Hereditary some insulin produced
Ketoacidosis 90% hereditary
Other types include Secondary Diabetes:
› Genetic defect beta cell or insulin
› Disease of pancreas Gestational
› Drug/chemical induced
› Infections-pancreatitits › overweight; risk for
Type 2
6.
7.
8. Classic 3 P’s
Family Hx diabetes
Fatigue
Race/Ethnicity
Body Weakness
Age
Weight Changes
Hypertension
Visual Changes
Hyperlipidemia
Slow Wound Healing/
Hx of Gestational Diabetes
Recurrent Skin infections
Mellitus
Laboratory Tests-> FBS/fasting
Other signs and symptoms of
blood sugar >7.0 mmol/L
diabetes complications
9. Chronic
MACROVASCULAR Acute
Cardiovascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Diabetic ketoacidosis
MICROVASCULAR
Retinopathy (vision) Hyperglycemic-
problems hyperosmolar-nonketotic
Diabetic neuropathy syndrome
Diabetic nephropathy
Hypoglycemia from too
Male erectile dysfunction much insulin or too little
glucose
10. Diabetes can be managed or controlled by:
Educating patient about diabetes
Exercising regularly
Eating a healthy well balanced diet
Avoiding smoking (people with diabetes who smoke
are at a higher risk of developing
cardiovascular complications).
Avoid alcohol
Pharmacologic Therapy
Type One: Insulin Injections given
subcutaneously
Type Two: Oral Medication, such as Metformin
11.
12. Hot + Dry = Sugar High
Cold n Clammy= Need
Some Candy
13. And For All You
Visual Learners,
Heres A Treat:
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?
v=NnIWDxuZKUo&feature=r
elated
Editor's Notes
DIET: Goals of diet therapy Principles of nutrition in diabetes Protein, fats and carbohydrates, fiber, sweeteners, fat replacers Alcohol Food labeling Exchange system, carbohydrate counting Special considerations for type 1 and type 2 diabetes EXERCISE Purpose - controls blood glucose and lowers blood glucose Purpose - reduce the amount of insulin needed