Intro to Android - Devices and Platform (en-US)

1. Android: Devices and Platform
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2. • Android
– Software platform that allows you to create mobile applications.
It is comprised by an OS (Operating System), components, tools,
devices and an ecosystem.
– Acquired and further developed by Google, with support from the
OHA (Open Handset Alliance), which aggregates several
companies from the mobile and telecom ecosystem with the
purpose of defining a common open standard for mobile devices.
– Android provides APIs , tools, a JVM – Java Virtual Machine,
(Dalvik/ART), a database called SQL Lite, an Application
Framework, Browser, device specific APIs (eg. Qualcomm
Vuforia) and it is based on Linux OS (underlying OS).
Android: Devices and Platform

3. Android: Devices and Platform
• Open Handset Alliance
– http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/index.html
• Android
– http://www.android.com/
• Android Developer
– http://developer.android.com/index.html

4. Android: Devices and Platform
• History
– Jul. 2005: Google acquires Android Inc
– Dec. 2006: Rumours about a Google Phone (GPhone)
– Nov. 2007: Open Handset Alliance announced
– Aug. 2008: Android Market announced
– Sept. 2008: Android SDK 1.0 released
– Oct. 2008: First devices - HTC G1
– Oct. 2008: Android released as an OS

5. Android: Devices and Platform
• History
– Apr. 2009: Android 1.5 - Cupcake
– Sept. 2009: Android 1.6 - Donut
– Oct. 2009: Android 2.0 - Eclair
– May. 2010: Android 2.2 - Froyo
– Oct. 2010: Android 2.3 - Gingerbread
– Feb. 2011: Android 3.0 - Honeycomb
– Oct. 2011: Android 4.0 - ICS
– Jul. 2012: Android 4.1 - Jelly Bean
– Oct. 2013: Android 4.4 - Kit Kat
– Jun. 2014: Android 4.4.4 - Kit Kat

6. Android: Devices and Platform
• History
– T-Mobile G1
• http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/7/2585779/android-history
– Android Timeline
• http://www.xcubelabs.com/the-android-story.php
– Microsoft x Android
• http://read.bi/1e4lZzw
– Device Fragmentation – 2014
• http://opensignal.com/reports/2014/android-fragmentation/
• http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2464078,00.asp

7. Android Architecture
• Android Sofware Stack
– Linux Kernel Layer
– Native Libraries / Android RT Layer
– Application Framework Layer
– Applications layer

8. Android Architecture

9. Android Architecture
• Linux Kernel
– Hardware Abstraction
– Hardware Drivers
– Memory Management
– Security
– Power Management
– Network Stack

10. Android Architecture
• Native Libraries / Android RT Layer
– Surface Manager
– SGL: 2D Graphics
– Open GL: 3D
– Media Framework
– Free Type
– WebKit
– C libs (libc,libm)
– SQLite
– Open SSL
– Dalvik / ART

11. Android Architecture - JVMs
• JVMs
– Dalvik
• https://code.google.com/p/dalvik/
• Register-based VM
• Optimized for low memory
• Designed to allow multiple concurrent JVMs
• OS dependent regarding process management, memory
management, threading, etc (Linux)
• Defines and uses .dex files (Dalvik Executables)

12. Android Architecture - JVMs
• New JVM
– ART – Android RunTime
• http://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/art.html
• Android 4.4 KitKat

13. Android Architecture
• Application Framework Layer
– Activity Manager
– Content Providers
– Telephony Manager
– Location Manager
– Resource Manager

14. Android Architecture
• Application Layer
– Messaging
– Dialer
– Web Browser
– Contacts
– Facebook
– WhatsApp
– SuaApp

15. • .dex files
Android: Devices and Platform

16. juarez.barbosa@gmail.com
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