The Impact of HIV/AIDS in Kenya
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Dr. Mohammed S. Abdullah Kenyan National AIDS Committee October 24, 2002
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The Impact of HIV/AIDS in Kenya
- 1. 00002-E-1 – 1 December 2000 HIV / AIDS IN KENYA IMPACT OF THE EPIDEMIC DR. MOHAMED S. ABDULLAH CHAIRMAN NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL COUNCIL
- 2. 00002-E-2 – 1 December 2000 Children (<15 years) estimated to be livingChildren (<15 years) estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS as of end 2000with HIV/AIDS as of end 2000 Western Europe 4 1004 100 North Africa & Middle East 16 00016 000 Sub-Saharan Africa 1.5 million1.5 million Eastern Europe & Central Asia 15 00015 000 East Asia & Pacific 7 2007 200South & South-East Asia 210 000210 000 Australia & New Zealand < 200< 200 North America 11 00011 000 Caribbean 11 00011 000 Latin America 30 00030 000 Total: 2.0 millionTotal: 2.0 million
- 3. 00002-E-3 – 1 December 2000 Estimated adult and child deathsEstimated adult and child deaths from HIV/AIDS during 2000from HIV/AIDS during 2000 Western Europe 7 0007 000 North Africa & Middle East 24 00024 000 Sub-Saharan Africa 3.0 million3.0 million Eastern Europe & Central Asia 14 00014 000 East Asia & Pacific 25 00025 000South & South-East Asia 470 000470 000 Australia & New Zealand < 500< 500 North America 20 00020 000 Caribbean 32 00032 000 Latin America 50 00050 000 Total: 3.6 millionTotal: 3.6 million
- 4. 00002-E-4 – 1 December 2000 Adults and children estimated to be livingAdults and children estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS as of end 2000with HIV/AIDS as of end 2000 Western Europe 540 000540 000 North Africa & Middle East 400 000400 000 Sub-Saharan Africa 28.3 million28.3 million Eastern Europe & Central Asia 700 000700 000 South & South-East Asia 5.8 million5.8 million Australia & New Zealand 15 00015 000 North America 920 000920 000 Caribbean 390 000390 000 Latin America 1.4 million1.4 million Total: 40.1 millionTotal: 40.1 million East Asia & Pacific 640 000640 000
- 5. 00002-E-5 – 1 December 2000 Estimated deaths in childrenEstimated deaths in children (<15 years)(<15 years) from HIV/AIDS during 2000from HIV/AIDS during 2000 Western Europe < 100< 100 North Africa & Middle East 7 1007 100 Sub-Saharan Africa 500 000500 000 Eastern Europe & Central Asia < 500< 500 East Asia & Pacific 1 0001 000South & South-East Asia 40 00040 000 Australia & New Zealand < 100< 100 North America < 100< 100 Caribbean 3 1003 100 Latin America 3 0003 000 Total: 600 000Total: 600 000
- 6. 00002-E-6 – 1 December 2000 Estimated number of adults and childrenEstimated number of adults and children newly infected with HIV during 2000newly infected with HIV during 2000 Western Europe 30 00030 000 North Africa & Middle East 80 00080 000 Sub-Saharan Africa 4.2 million4.2 million Eastern Europe & Central Asia 250 000250 000East Asia & Pacific 130 000130 000South & South-East Asia 780 000780 000 Australia & New Zealand 500500 North America 45 00045 000 Caribbean 60 00060 000 Latin America 150 000150 000 Total: 6.0 millionTotal: 6.0 million
- 7. 00002-E-7 – 1 December 2000 Estimated number of childrenEstimated number of children (<15 years)(<15 years) newly infected with HIV during 2000newly infected with HIV during 2000 Western Europe < 500< 500 North Africa & Middle East 11 00011 000 Sub-Saharan Africa 620 000620 000 Eastern Europe & Central Asia 600600 East Asia & Pacific 2 6002 600South & South-East Asia 65 00065 000 Australia & New Zealand < 100< 100 North America < 500< 500 Caribbean 4 2004 200 Latin America 7 3007 300 Total: 800 000Total: 800 000
- 8. 00002-E-8 – 1 December 2000 Cumulative number of children estimated to haveCumulative number of children estimated to have been orphaned by AIDS* at age 14 or youngerbeen orphaned by AIDS* at age 14 or younger at the end of 1999at the end of 1999 Western Europe 9 0009 000 North Africa & Middle East 15 00015 000 Sub-Saharan Africa 13.1 million13.1 million Eastern Europe & Central Asia 500500 East Asia & Pacific 5 6005 600South & South-East Asia 850 000850 000 Australia & New Zealand < 500< 500 North America 70 00070 000 Caribbean 85 00085 000 Latin America 110 000110 000 Total: 15.2 millionTotal: 15.2 million * HIV-negative children who have lost their mother or both parents to AIDS before the age of 15 years
- 9. 00002-E-9 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Demographic Impact Highest sero-prevalence in women is between 25-29 years Highest sero-prevalence in men is between 30-39 years Women five times more infected than men (15-19 years age group) More than one million orphans generated by epidemic More than 2.2 million Kenyans infected at present
- 10. 00002-E-10 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Demographic Impact Life expectancy: 52 years from 64 years Infant mortality rate: 74 from 53 Child mortality rate: 113 from 92 Maternal mortality: 650 from 240
- 11. 00002-E-11 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Impact in Education Skilled and experienced teachers are dying Significant others are alive but incapacitated Newly trained teachers are reduced by illness and death. Production has either stagnated or even reduced Teaching, research production, national develop planning affected Leadership in implementation of strategies affected
- 12. 00002-E-12 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Impact in Education Large numbers of children are kept out of school because: • they are needed to help at home, • they have to care for sick family members • they have to work to increase the family income. • families cannot afford school fees
- 13. 00002-E-13 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Impact on Children Increased proportion of vulnerable children Increased incidence of child labour. House holds are headed by children No support from the state or family around them. Rising rates of child sexual abuse
- 14. 00002-E-14 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Impact in Agriculture Agriculture is the primary economic sector of Kenya Engages about 74% of the labour force Accounts for 24.5% per cent of gross domestic product. Main production of food either for themselves or for the country A threat to the country’s food security Fertile lands of families remain idle shortage of agricultural labour Loss of skills and experience in large & small scale farming
- 15. 00002-E-15 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Impact in Health Increases number of people seeking health services it increases demand on health care providers Increases demand on health facilities increases need for human resource production it increases the overall cost of health care in the country.
- 16. 00002-E-16 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA The Dilema treating AIDS versus preventing HIV infection treating AIDS versus treating other illnesses spending on health versus spending on other demanding public services skilled health personnel have died, Replacing them Vs Other cadre Many are rendered incapable of further service, but need the income direct cost of treating a new AIDS patient at Kshs.45,680, indirect costs amount to Kshs 638,560 access to and quality of health care have worsened
- 17. 00002-E-17 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Industrial Sector Industrial Sector accounts for 13.3% of GDP Frequency of absenteeism increased Expenditures on illness and death have increased 52 per cent of total costs are HIV/AIDS-related costs.
- 18. 00002-E-18 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Industrial Sector loss of skilled manpower, demand for manufactured products has reduced industrial sector economically vulnerable. per capita expenditure on health is $ 9 per year. Cost per employee is $ 30 per year. informal sector 47.4% of the GDP also affected
- 19. 00002-E-19 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Social Impact survivors are dependants left without economic support epidemic has overwhelmed traditional systems of adoption OVC without a steady resource base. early teens heading households, Children & Women are on the streets increased crime rates Increased psychologic and spiritual needs. traumatic effects of bereavement
- 20. 00002-E-20 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Presidents Statement: “AIDS is not just a serious threat to our social and economic development, it is a real threat to our very existence… AIDS has reduced many families to the status of beggars… no family in Kenya remains untouched by the suffering and death caused by AIDS… the real solution of the spread of AIDS lies with each and everyone of us”
- 21. 00002-E-21 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Government Accelerated Intervention: - Declaration of AIDS as a national disaster - Formation of the National AIDS Control Council - Formulation of the National Strategic Plan - Formation of a comprehensive Institutional Framework - Formulation of Legal Framework and Policy Guidelines - Allocation of Dedicated Resources for HIV/AIDS - Enhancement of Political Commitment
- 22. 00002-E-22 – 1 December 2000 IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA Priority Interventions Advocacy for Prevention Treatment, Continuum of Care and Support Mitigation of Socio-Economic Impacts Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Effective Management and Coordination of the National Response