analysis on natural lighting techniques used in different buildings

2. DAYLIGHTING IN ARCHITECTURE
IT IS THE PRACTISE OF PLACING WINDOWS AND OTHER OPENINGS SO THAT
DURING THE DAY,NATURAL DAY LIGHT PROVIDES EFFECTIVE INTERNAL LIGHTING
LESS TANGIBLE ASPECTS OF DAYLIGHTING
 CHANGE AND VARIETY- ENABLES TO FEEL CHANGE OF
SEASONS,WEATHER AND TIME OF THE DAY.
 MODELLING- DIRECTION OF LIGHT PROVIDES SHADOW PATTERNS
INFORMING APPEARANCE OF OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL WORLD.
 ORIENTATION-ENABLES BUILDING OCCUPANTS TO ESTABLISH THEMSELVES IN
RELATION TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD.
 SUNLIGHT EFFECT-SUNLIGHT HAS A THERAPEUTIC EFFECT.
 COLOUR-NATURAL COLOUR IS THE STANDARD BY WHICH ALL OTHER
COLOURS ARE JUDGED AND NO ARTIFICIAL SOURCE CAN MATCH IT
REASONS FOR DAYLIGHTING
 HIGH COST OF FOSSIL FUELS
 FINITE LIFE OF ELECTRICITY SOURCES

3. TRANSPORT CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD,
GURGAON
LOCATION: No. 69, Sector 32,
Institutional Sector,
Gurgaon, Haryana
ARCHITECTS: A B Lall Architects
YEAR OF COMPLETION: 1999
TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA: 2750 sq. m
CONCEPT
 The basic design strategy is inspired by
the traditional inward-looking Haveli
plan.
 The central fountain courtyard acts as
an environment generator for
the office spaces opening toward it.
Though the fountain has been
removed by the management in an
attempt to save water.
 The external skin is treated as a solid
insulated wall with peep windows for
possible cross-ventilation and higher
windows for daylight.
 Selection of materials and system of
environmental control is prioritized in
favor of sustainability and efficiency in
energy consumption.
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4. BASIC DESIGN
 The building sits on a rectangular plot in an “institutional”
area.
 Three stories of offices and a basement surround the central
court. The basement houses building services and some work
spaces too.
 The entire building plan is based on a planning grid of 1.4 m x
1.4 m which coordinates the locations for partitions as well as
external windows - to permit a high degree of flexibility in
layouts for offices.
 The building opens towards its entrance through a planted
and shaded forecourt with a water pool
 The orientation of all the interior spaces is towards the central
court
EXPOSURE
 The Building adopts a compact rectangular form and minimum
height above ground to limit exposure.
 Openings on the external walls are designed for two separate
functions: small peep windows at seating height provide cross
ventilation and views out; larger windows at ceiling level distribute
glare-free daylight across the office floor.
 Taking the day lighting function into account the window area is
minimized to 18% of the external wall area.
 Both the entrance forecourt and central court have a structural
framework which would provide support for shading screens to be
stretched according to seasonal demands.
 The planting scheme along the edges of the site with tall
evergreen (Silver Oak) trees, provides another protective layer for
the building.
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5. NATURAL ILLUMINATION
 All work spaces receive adequate daylight, maximum distance of
a workstation from the daylight source being 5 M.
 Working hours are generally limited to daylight hours.
 The high windows on the external walls are designed to throw
daylight deep into the office space which can be controlled by
venetian blinds.
 The stairs have ample lighting and the arrangement of windows
promote movement.
 On the courtyard side, fabric screens would be stretched over the
structural frame to respond to each season.
FOUNTAIN COURT
 Fountain court with water columns was designed to moderate
climate by gentle movement of water.
 But it has been replaced by a self cleaning sculpture imported
from Italy.
 The central courtyard helps in penetrating light inside the building.
 Since all the rooms are connected to the courtyard, the whole
building is well lit during the working hours.
INSULATION
 The small peep-windows, allow insulation in favor of winter,
cutting out the mid-summer sun by the shade of the reveal on
to the glass.
 Adjustable venetian blinds in double sandwich windows to
cut off insulation and allow day light.
 The large glazed areas towards the central court helps in the
reflection of light to all the floors.
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6. Hall No 18, Pragati Maidan
LOCATION: Mathura Rd, Railway
Colony, Pragati Maidan, New
Delhi, DL 110001
ARCHITECT: RAJ REWAL ARCHITECTS
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
ELEVATION
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7. LIGHT SOURCES
FIBRE SHEET
 SKYLIGHT COVERED WITH GLASS
FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
TO CONTROL EXECESSIVE
SUNLIGHT .
 MAXIMUM PART OF THE FAÇADE
COVERED WITH GLAZING TO
PROVIDE ADEQUATE DAY
LIGHTING AVOIDING GLARE.
 TINTED GLASS HAS BEEN USED
TO DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF
HEAT ENTERING INSIDE THE
BUILDING.
 PUNCTURES IN THE EXCRUDED
CEILING PROVIDE PARTIAL
LIGHTING AND RESTRICTS DIRECT
SUNLIGHT.
 INTERIOR HAS PARABOLIC
GLAZING AT MAXIMUM AREAS
WHICH IN TURN PLAY A GOOD
LIGHT AND SHADOW ROLE AT
ANY POINT IN DAY TIME .
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8. HALL OF NATIONS, PRAGATI MAIDAN
•LOCATION- Pragati
maidan, New Delhi
•ARCHITECT- Raj Rewal
•AREA- 6700 SQ M
BASIC LAYOUT
The 'Hall of Nations' provides an uninterrupted exhibition
area of 6,700 sq m in a 82m x 82m x 27m high truncated
pyramid supported on eight points.
The design was evolved to meet the constraints of time,
availability of materials and labour, but above all, to reflect
symbolically and technologically, India's intermediate
technology in the 25th year of its independence.
Octahedra measuring 5m from joint to joint where
employed as the basic 3d unit of the space frame, which
rests on 8points from the essentially square planned and
allows 11m wide openings between the supports.
Free standing coffered mezzanine floors cantilevering out
of cylindrical shafts provide additional exhibition area in
each hall.
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9. TECHNIQUES USED
The depth of the structural system was utilized as a Sun
breaker.
It was conceived of in terms of the traditional 'jaali', a
geometrical pattern of perforation that serves to obstruct
directs rays of the harsh Sun while permitting air circulation.
The main pavilion of the Hall of Nations has a clear span of
78 meters and a height varying from three meters to 21
meters.
An effective system of environmental control inside the
building was another outcome of the 3d structure, as solid
triangular panels at regular intervals provided sun screens.
OPENINGS
Well lit ramps and staircase
encouraging people to take the stairs.
Fibre used on the upper storey
obtain diffused and gentle light.
Tinted glass for reducing glare from
the bright outdoors and reducing the
amount of solar energy transmitted
through the glass.
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10. CHANDIGARH COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECT:ADITYA PRAKASH
AND TEAM UNDER THE
LEADERSHIP OF LE-CORBUSIER
LOCATION: SECTOR12 ,
CHANDIGARH
SITE AREA – 8 acres
COVERED AREA – 1.2 acres
APPROACH – the college is
approached by an access road
loop 16’ wide .
TOPOGRAPHY – site is flat terrain
with a gradual slope of 1:40
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11. KEY ELEMENTS
NORTH WINDOW
• ORIENTED NORTH
• GLARE FREE
• DIFFUSED AND CONSTANT LIGHT
• HIGH SILL LEVEL
• WINDOWS ARE INCLINED AT AN ANGLE
OF 100 SO AS TO RECEIVE MAXIMUM
LIGHT
SKYLIGHTS
APART FROM THE NORTH ORIENTED
THERE ARE SKYLIGHTS PROVIDED
IN THE REST OF THE BUILDING .
IT ALLOWS BOTH LIGHT AND FRESH
AIR TO COME INTO THE BUILDING
THROUGH LOUVERS IN IT . SKYLIGHTS
INCLUDED SPOUTS OR HOLES WERE
PROVIDED FOR THE HEATED AIR TO
DIVERT OUT .
BRISE SOLIEL
These are concrete sun breakers from the
south sun towards the front Façade . It
gives a pleasing pattern on the floor of
the entrance Corridor and provides light
and ventilation in the building .
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12. SLIT WINDOWS
Long , vertical and narrow Windows
used in east and West direction for
minimal incoming of the west and East
sunlight and Maintains ventilation .
PARASOL ROOF
These are umbrella type roof structures.
Provides the
cooling effect the roof .Provides are
larger surface area for the north
windows .
 Designing and planning was done considering the sunlight Through the
study of solar charts .
 Adequate amount of sunlight was present in courtyard .
 Le Corbusier used light in restrained manner , but paid utmost attention to
their placement that defines their Interior volume .
 High traffic zone and noisy area , due to which screening is required which
was provided with the help of trees .
 It is transition of natural light , from the outside to the Inside that the space is
transformed and its character is Defined .
 Glass was mainly used in north oriented windows for the optimum use of
sunlight .
INFERENCE
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