1. DEVELOPMENT OF
IMPROVED COCOA
CLONES FOR FARMERS:
THE CASE OF
PHILIPPINE
CLONES/HYBRIDS
ROMULO L. CENA, Ph.D.
University of Southern Mindanao
Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines
Landline: +63642482426
Mobile #639207338887
romulo55cena@yahoo.com

2. FACTS AND FINDINGS
 Around 10,000 to 15,000 cacao farmers
nationwide.
 Annual consumption in beans equivalent is
about 25,000 MT
 Average cacao beans production: 6-7 T MT
 Current average yield per tree is 1.30 kg dried
beans.
 Average value of imports: USD 42M, chocolate
products and consumable not included

3.  Average value of exports:
USD 3.5 million
 Major growing regions are :
Davao Region, Northern
Mindanao, CARAGA, Western
Mindanao, and Eastern
Visayas.
 Davao Region produced 77%
of cacao beans supply in the
last 5 years (2006-2011).

5. A. Germplasm Collection
1. Eighty-eight (88) accessions collected
all over the country.
2. Twenty-five (25) collected from abroad.
3. Twelve (17) new hybrids introduced
into the country through the INGENIC
Asia- Pacific Program for Cocoa.
4. Coordinated and financed by MARS
Inc., and World Cocoa Foundation
(WCF)

6. Germplasm collection
• 125 total accessions
maintained
– Forastero
– Trinitario
– Criollo
– Theobroma bicolor
– 100 clones to be
requested by the
University of
Reading

7. Accession Clone Accession Clone Accession Clone
No. No.
No.
Ccr-001 UF-42 Ccr-0016 Catongo Ccr-0031 BR-25
Ccr-002 EET-376 Ccr-0017 UIT/PA7 Ccr-0032 S-5
Ccr-003 ICS-8 Ccr-0018 ICS-60 Ccr-0033 GU-235Q
Ccr-004 UF 650 Ccr-0019 ICS-40 Ccr-0034 UF-676
Ccr-005 EET-94 Ccr-0020 UF-29 Ccr-0035 GU-133P
Ccr-006 CC-18 Ccr-0021 EET-19 Ccr-0036 GU-258P
Ccr-007 R-117 Ccr-0022 SCA-12 Ccr-0037 GU-228P
Ccr-008 GA-11 Ccr-0023 P-7 Ccr-0038 GU-123P
Ccr-009 SCA-94 Ccr-0024 SPA-4 Ccr-0039 GU-414E
Ccr-0010 Amelionad0 Ccr-0025 R-29 Ccr-0040 CC-44
Ccr-0011 SCA-6 Ccr-0026 SIAL Ccr-0041 SPA-9
Ccr-0012 SIC-12 Ccr-0027 UF-242 Ccr-0042 SCA-49
Ccr-0013 NA-36 Ccr-0028 UF-613 Ccr-0043 C-7
Ccr-0014 ICS-6 Ccr-0029 Forastero Ccr-0044 UF-667
Ccr-0015 EET-12 Ccr-0030 A-246 Ccr-0045 THS-64

8. Cacao clones to be acquired this
year 2013
100 clones of cacao to be acquired from the
International Cocoa Quarantine Center

9. UF18 M01 K2
TS03 Cr-01
PBC 123

10. B. Characterization using morphological
markers

11. C. Characterization using molecular markers

12. D. Conduct Genetic Diversity
Analysis as basis for Hybrid
Breeding
1. Morphological analysis
2. Isozyme analysis
3. Molecular marker analysis

14. A. Breeding of Desirable Cacao Germplasm
a. Selection of parents
b. Emasculation/hybridi
zation
c. Evaluation of hybrids
d. Selection of desirable
hybrid plant
e. Clonal evaluation

17. Crosses Made:
1. BR 25 x K2 8. P 1 x P8
2. BR 25 x K1 9. UF 18 x BR 25
3. BR 25 x S5 10. UF x K1
4. K2 x K1 11. UF x K2
5. K1 x K2 12. UF x S5
6. BR 25 x P1 13. UF x PBC 123
7. BR 25 x P8 14. S5x K2

18. BR 25 X K2

19. BR 25 X K2

20. BR 25 X K1

22. PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES
 USM, Philippines
 MCB, Malaysia
 ICCRI, Indonesia
 CCI, Papua New Guinea
 NLU, Vietnam
 CPCRI, India

23. Hybrids harvested this 2nd of November 2012.

25. Table 1. Kind crosses, no. of flowers pollinated, no. of fruits
developed and percentage (%) success pollination of cacao.
CROSSES No. of flowers No. of fruits Percentage of success
Female Male pollinated developed pollination (%)
UF 18 BR 25 186 10 5.4
UF 18 K2 206 45 21.8
UF 18 K1 152 31 20.3
UF 18 PBC 123 188 30 15.9
UF 18 S5 154 8 5.2
S5 K2 20 5 25
K9 S5 30 7 26.5
TOTAL 936 136

26. Philippine cacao hybrid seedlings
transplanted in the field (April 2012)

27. Vietnam Clones

28. Papua New Guinea Hybrids
Indonesian Hybrids

29. PNG Cacao
Hybrid
Trees
KEE 42 X K 82
KEE 42 X K72-124
KEE 42 X K 82 KEE 42 X K 82

30. MALAYSIAN HYBRIDS
PBC 123 x LAFI 7
PBC 123 x LAFI 7
QH22 x NA 33

31. Table 2. Number of plants, no. of plants with fruits, stem
girth and jorquette height of two hybrids from
PNG and one hybrid from Malaysia planted in
2009 at USM, Kabacan, Cotabato.
No. of
No. of plants Stem Girth Jorquette
Crosses
plants with (cm) Height (cm)
fruits
Female Male
1. KEE 42 K72-124 30 5 14.2 114.9
2. KEE 42 K82 34 4 16.0 119.0
3. MCBC 3 KKM 22 1 1 19.4 137.0
KEE 42 X K72- 124 KEE 42 X K72- 124 KEE 42 X K72- 124

32. Table 3. Dry bean data of cacao crosses coming from
Malaysia and PNG.
Crosses Length of Width of Thickness Weight of
bean bean (cm) 100 dry
Malaysia (cm) (cm) beans (g)
QH 22 X NA 33 24.6 1.3 0.8 105.9
PBC 123 X QH 22 25.0 1.3 1.0 127.2
PBC 123 X LAFI 7 24.6 1.3 1.0 130.6
CCI, Papua New Guinea
KEE 42 x K72-124 26.6 14.0 1.0 127.1
KEE 42 x K 82 24.0 13.4 0.8 120.4
Control
BR 25 23.0 1.3 0 .9 106.3
UF-18 26.0 1.4 0. 9 141.3

33. Three cacao crosses from Malaysia
QH 22 X NA 33
PBC 123 X QH22

36. Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella)
Life Cycle (3‐5 weeks)
Adult(3‐7 days)
Pupa (5‐7 days)
Egg (3‐7 days)
Emerging Larva Larva (14‐18 days)

38. 1. Development of Artificial Diet for Cocoa Pod Borer
Video file (double click)

39. 2.Vascular Streak Die Back and Pod
Rot Studies

40. VSD

42. 3. Research at the nursery level
• Effect of different size of polybag on the
growth of UF18 cacao seedling
• Effect of different media combination on the
growth of UF18 cacao seedling
• Study on different propagation methods

43. 4. Intercropping Cacao under 20-year old
rubber plantation.

44. 5. Determination of
Theobromine Content,
Butterfat content, etc.

47. Sample of cacao pods of NSIC approved
varieties
S5
K2
K1

52. 1. Establishment of Budwood Garden in Strategic
Location in the Philippines
• USM, Kabacan, Cotabato • Naga City
• Sta. Maria, Davao del Sur • Lambunao, Iloilo City
• San Isidro, Davao del Norte • Coner, Apayao
• Mati, Davao Oriental • Sorsogon
• Ninoy Aquino, Sultan Kudarat
• Zamboanga City
• Zamboanga Sibugay
• Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte
• Brookes Point, Palawan
• Puerto Princesa, Palawan

54. 2. Survey, Identification and Tagging of Existing
Budwood Garden

56. Summary
• 125 accessions maintained in our
genebank
• Breeding of cacao and others studies in
going-on.
• Exchange of hybrids with 5 other countries
Malaysia, Indonesia, PNG, Vietnam,India
. 10 NSIC approved varieties of cacao in
the Philippines
.

57. SUMMARY
• 3 more new varieties indorse by the NSIC
secretariate yesterday to the seed council.
PBC 123, USM CH 01, USM CH 02.
. Seedling Available for Sale in Cacao
Nurseries all over Mindanao are mostly
UF 18, BR 25, K2, K9 ande K1.

58. Pure Tablea. Chokolate de
Universidad. PICRI, USM,