The document outlines several language teaching methods: the Direct Method teaches entirely in the target language without grammar rules or translation; the Grammar Translation Method focuses on translation and memorizing grammar rules; the Audio-Lingual Method emphasizes dialog practice and habit formation; the Structural Method presents language as a hierarchy of grammatical rules; Community Language Learning builds teacher-student links and uses the mother tongue; Immersion Method teaches other subjects through the target language; Task-Based Learning focuses on interesting tasks to motivate language use; the Natural Approach stresses similarities between L1 and L2 acquisition; and Communicative Language Teaching enables effective communication in various contexts.

1. Language Teaching Methods
• The Direct Method:
 done entirely in the target language.
 learner not allowed to use MT.
Grammar Rules avoided.
Emphasis on good pronunciation.

2. • Grammar Translation Method:
Learning is largely by translation to and from the
target language.
Grammar rules are to be memorized.
Long lists of vocabulary learning by heart.
No emphasis placed on oral skill.

3. • Audio-lingual method:
The theory behind this method is that learning a
language means acquiring habits and custom.
Much practice of dialogues of each and every
situation.
listening- practiced/drilled.
Then written form is………

4. • The Structural Method:
Language as a complex system of grammatical
rules.
Order/gradation of structures (simple to complex
level…….).
Morphology-Phrase-Sentence-Discourse.

5. • Community Language Learning:
Attempts to build strong personal links between
teachers and students.
No blocks to learning.
Mother tongue is used and translated by teachers
for repetition by learners.

6. • Immersion Method:
Learners immersed in language learning (say
English) the whole day at school.
Expected to learn other subjects (other than lang.)
through English (target lang.).

7. • Task-based Language Learning:
Focus of teaching is on the completion of a task
which itself is interesting to the learners.
Learners use the lang. which they already have to
complete the task.
Little correction of errors.

8. • The Natural Approach:
Stresses the similarities between the learning of
L1 and L2 languages.
No corrections of errors.
Learning takes place by the students being
exposed to language that is comprehensible or
made comprehensible to them.

9. • Communicative Language Teaching Method:
Focus is on enabling the learner to communicate
effectively and appropriately.
 in various situations and contexts.
Choice of context bound usages and then
social/contextual significance.