Overview: What Is Motivation? Nature of Motivation Motivational Process Maslow’s theory Two Factor theory/  Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory

2.  What Is Motivation?
 Nature of Motivation
 Motivational Process
 Maslow’s theory
 Two Factor theory/ Herzberg's
motivation-hygiene theory

3. The word ‘Motivation’ is derived from the Latin word
‘MOVERE’ which means ‘to move’ or ‘to energize’ or
‘to activate’
The driving force within individuals by which they attempt to
achieve some goal in order to fulfill some needs or
expectation.

4.  Complex
 Psychological
 Physical
 Unique to each and every person
 Context sensitive
 Not fully understood

5.  Motivation is a complex phenomenon
› Motives can’t be observed, only inferred from
behavior of others
› Some motives remain active even when
original goal is attained

6.  Based on motives
 Affected by motivating
 Goal directed behaviour
 Related to satisfaction
 Person is motivated in totality
 Complex process

7. ENERGY DIRECTION PERSISTENCE
It is a process by which a person’s efforts are
energized, directed and sustained towards attaining
the goal.
*Energy- A measure of intensity or drive.
*Direction- Towards organizational goal.
*Persistence- Exerting effort to achieve goal

8. Choices
collaboration
Challenges
Control
Consequences Constructing meaning

9. Needs or
expectations
Result in Drive force
(Behavior or
Action)
To Achieve
Desired Goals
fulfillments Which Provides
Feedback

10.  Content Theories:
- Emphasis on what motivates
individuals.
 Maslow’s need Hierarchy
 Herzberg’s two factors theory

11. Needs were categorized as five levels of lower-higher-order
needs.
 Individual must satisfy lower-level needs before they
can satisfy higher order needs.
 Satisfied needs will no longer motivate.
 Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level
that a person is on the hierarchy.

12.  Lover order ( External ) : Physiological and safety
needs
 Higher order ( Internal ) : Social, Esteem, and
Self-actualization
Self-Actualization Needs
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological needs

13. Based on the conclusion that people have
two different categories of needs:
 Hygiene factors
 Motivating factors

14. For example:
Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are created by different
factors.
 Hygiene factors- Extrinsic ( Environmental ) factors that
create job dissatisfaction.
 Motivation Factors- Intrinsic ( Psychological ) factors that
create job satisfaction.
-Attempted to explain why job satisfaction does not result in increased
performance
-The opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction but rather no satisfaction.

15. Motivation–Hygiene Theory
of Motivation:
• Company policy &
administration
• Supervision
• Interpersonal relations
• Working conditions
• Salary
• Status
• Security
Hygiene factors avoid
job dissatisfaction
Motivation factors
increase job satisfaction
• Achievement
• Achievement recognition
• Work itself
• Responsibility
• Advancement
• Growth
• Salary?

16. Be a good
motivator