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PhilippineConstitution,[object Object],An Introduction,[object Object]
Why is it necessary to study the Constitution?,[object Object],Education for citizenship,[object Object],Essential part of liberal education,[object Object],Knowledge and understanding of government,[object Object]
Concept of State and Government,[object Object],State – a community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of its own to which the great body of inhabitants renders obedience, and and enjoying freedom from external control,[object Object]
1.	People – mass of population living within the state,[object Object],Elements of the State,[object Object]
Elements of the State,[object Object],2. Territory – fixed portion of the surface of the earth inhabited by the people of the state,[object Object]
Elements of the State,[object Object],3.	Government – agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out,[object Object]
4. Sovereignty – the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience,[object Object],     2 Manifestations,[object Object],[object Object]
Internal sovereigntyElements of the State,[object Object]
1.	Divine Right Theory – holds that the state is of divine ,[object Object],	creation and the ruler is ,[object Object],	ordained by God to govern ,[object Object],	the people,[object Object],Origin of the State,[object Object]
2.	Necessity or force theory – maintains that states ,[object Object],	must have been created ,[object Object],	through force,[object Object],Origin of the State,[object Object]
3.  Paternalistic theory – attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the family,[object Object],Origin of the State,[object Object]
Origin of the State,[object Object],4.	Social Contract theory – asserts 			that the early states must 			have been formed by 			deliberate and voluntary 			compact among people to 		form a government of their 		own,[object Object]
As to the number of the persons exercising sovereign power:,[object Object],	a.  Monarchy – the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person.  It is further classified into: absolute monarchy and limited monarchy.,[object Object],	b.  Aristocracy – the political power is exercised by the few priviledged class,[object Object],	c.  Democracy – the political power is exercised by the majority of people.  It is futher classified into two: direct or pure democracy and indirect or representative democracy,[object Object],Forms of Government,[object Object]
As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government,[object Object],	a.  Unitary Government – the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government,[object Object],	b.  Federal Government – the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs,[object Object]

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