1. Ecological Framework for Understanding Multiracial Identity Development
Regional and Generational History of Race and Ethnic Relations
Sexual Orientation
Gender
Class
Family Functioning
Consistency of parental availability
Extended family acceptance
Losses and disruptions Identities
Sense of belonging & acceptance Community
Ethnicities Attitudes &
Violence/abuse/neglect
Racial
Family Traits & Socialization
Socialization Aptitudes Races
1. School/work
Hypodescent/
Home language Temperament
One-drop rule Community
Parent’s identity Social skills
2. Monoracial fit Friends
Self-Assignment
Nativity Coping skills
New
3. New group/ Community
Given names Giftedness
Blended
Extended family Health
4. Bi/multiracial
Home values/ Learning
5. White with
Spirituality Difficulties
Symbolic race
attractiveness
Phenotype
Family racial
Family racial/ Physical
Socialization
cultural/ethnic attractiveness Skin/eye/hair color
identity
Family racial & Family resemblance
Ethnic identity
Misidentification by
Strangers
Racialized features:
Eye & nose shape,
Hair texture,
Body proportion
 Maria P. P. Root, Ph.D., 2002