3. Charles the
Hammer and the
Battle of Tours
(732 AD)
In 732 AD, he
defeated Moorish
invaders in the Battle
of Tours which
permanently ended
the Islamic invaders
and their expansion in
western Europe.
4. Treaty of
Verdun (843
AD)
The Carolingian empire was
divided in three parts in August
843 AD through the Treaty of
Verdun which ended the three
years long Civil War.