This document summarizes key information about cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients. CMV is the most important viral infection following solid organ transplantation and can cause significant disease. The risk of CMV infection and disease depends on the CMV status of the donor and recipient. Strategies to prevent CMV include prophylactic antiviral treatment based on risk factors. Preemptive treatment using viral monitoring is also used. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are effective therapies for both prophylaxis and treatment of CMV infection and disease in transplant patients.