1. ECO-Tex in relation to world
textile market
Khaled Ebrahim El-Nagar
National Institute of the Arts
Tersa St., Haram, Giza , Egypt.
P.O. Box 136 Giza, Code No. 12211
2. What is Eco-friendly material?
• Dictionary: describes a product that has been
designed to do the least possible damage to the
environment
• US EPA – EPP program defines as:
"...products or services that have a lesser or reduced
effect on human health and the environment when
compared with competing products or services that
serve the same purpose..."
3. Properties of Eco-Friendly Materials
ECO-FRIENDLY
MATERIALS
& TECHNIQUES
Renewable Source
Reuse of Waste
product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
Reduction in air, land
and water pollution
Durability & Life
span
Aids Energy
Efficiency in
buildings
Reuse/recycle
Biodegradable
4. What is Textile Processing..?
It has four basic process
Preparatory
Dyeing
Printing
Finishing
Testing
5. Preparation
•The ultimate goal of any preparation process is to
produce fabric that is clean and rid of all impurities that
interfere with dyeing and finishing.
•Fabric preparation is the first of the wet processing
steps
Desizing
Scouring
Bleaching
6. What Is “Dyeing”…..?
The pleasure derived from imparting colour to clothing has existed
since the time of the earliest civilizations;
A world of fashion without colour is impossible to imagine. Coloration
processes produce the most visible results of all the finishing
operations carried out during the preparation of textile goods
7. What Is Printing….?
Textile printing is the most versatile and important of the
methods used for introducing colour and design to textile
fabrics.
Considered analytically it is a process of bringing together a
design idea, one or more colorants, and a textile substrate
(usually a fabric), using a technique for applying the
colorants with some precision.
8. What is finishing…..?
This facilitates production of attractive ready-to-sell textiles intended to fulfil
requirements for specific use.
This includes all processes which help to maintain the value or increase the value of
the textile material.
Textile finishing therefore makes textile raw material usable by creating properties
with a useful effect.
11. The concept of Nanotech was first developed in 1930, that time it Is
called as bottom science.
ThetermNanoarisefrom1970 sonly.‟
The term Nano comes from a Greek word Nanos which means‟ ‟
Dwarf .‟
Dwarf means abnormally small.
1nm=10-9
m
It is about 75000 to 100000 times smaller than the diameter of the
human hair.
This technology that can work at the molecular level, atom by atom
to create large structures with improved molecules organization by
controlling shape and size at the Nano scale.
Nano Technology……
12. Application of Nano Technology in processing Nano
Nano dyeing
Nano finishing
13.
14.
15. Characteristics of Nano finished Textile materials
Their protective layer is difficult to detect with the naked eye.
Saving time and laundering.
This technology embraces environmental friendly properties.
The crease resistant feature keeps clothing neat.
Nano processed products are toxic free
Garments are good looking and more durable than ordinary material
Manufacturing cost is low, adding value to the products.
16. Enzymes
Enzymes come from a Greek word “Enzymos” which means
„in the cell or „from the cell .‟ ‟
Enzymes are proteins, composed of amino acids, which are
produced by all living organisms. These are responsible for
number of reactions and biological activities.
Enzymes not only work efficiently and rapidly also
biodegradable.
17. Enzymatic Desizing
Desizing using enzymes is the most effective and widely
used method for the removal of Starch.
Starch liquefying enzymes are directly used in required
quantity under controlled condition of pH and temperature.
Amylase enzyme from Malt extract were first used to
degrade starch-based sizes for cheap and effective
desizing. Two categories of amylase
i.α-amylase
ii.β-amylase
18. Cotton scouring using alkaline which requires harsh
chemicals and high temperature leads to high cost.
Bio-scouring is an effective alternative to chemical
scouring.
Cottonase T enzyme is widely used for scouring which
reduces the need for high energy consumption.
It is versatile, economically viable and eco-friendly to
cotton scouring.
Bio-scouring
19. In bleaching, especially with hydrogen peroxide, the
reactive dyes are very much sensitive to residual peroxide.
The residual peroxides are converted into water and
Oxygen by using the enzymes which shows better results
than traditional method.
Reaction takes place at 30-400
C and pH 5.5-7.5 for 15 min
Enzymes like Peroxidases, Glucose oxidases, etc are used.
Bleach Killing
20. This process is removal of surface dyes from fabrics.
Neutral stable cellulase enzyme is used for bio-washing.
This enzymes replaces the pumice stones .
It is produced from humicola isolans.
It is leading to decolourisation without loss in fabric
strength.
This enzyme acts at pH of 6
Bio-washing
21. It is a finishing process of cellulosic fabrics and
garments.
This process is improving surface of the material .
This process is also called enzymatic singeing .
Bio-polishing with acid cellulose effectively reduces
fabric fuzz and pilling on denim materials.
Bio-polishing
22. Plasma Technology…?
Plasma is often called the "Fourth State of Matter," the
other three being solid, liquid and gas.
A gas becomes a plasma when the addition of heat or
other energycauses a significant number of atoms to
release some or all of their electrons.
The remaining parts of those atoms are left with a positive
charge, and the detached negative electrons are free to
move about.
Those atoms and the resulting electrically charged gas
are said to be "ionized." When enough atoms are ionized
to significantly affect the electrical characteristics of the
gas, it is a plasma.
23. Applications
The plasma modification of polymeric material susedas
textiles, membranes, non-woven, composites, and soon, is
able to optimize a lot of interesting properties.
Mechanical Properties
Electrical Properties
Wetting (hydrophilic)
Hydrophobic
Uv-protection
Flame-retardancy
24. Conclusion
Thus the Ultrasonic, Digital Printing , Bio ,Nano & Plasma technology
replaces traditional method with more advantages such as:
Replacing harmful chemicals
Require less effluent treatments
Low cost and less energy consumption
No damages to materials
superior quality of the product
In feature , one can expect to see many more developments in textiles ,
based on above technology's
