say no to tobacco, bad effects of tobacco on human health, human health

1. UNIVERSAL PUBLIC SCHOOL
KIRTI GARG
X-C
16

2. SAY NO TO TOBACCO

3. INTRODUCTION
Tobacco is a plant within the
genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae
family. While there are more than
70 species of tobacco. Dried
tobacco leaves are
mainly smoked in cigarettes, cigar
s, pipe tobacco and
flavored shisha tobacco. They are
also consumed as snuff, chewing
tobacco and dipping tobacco.
 Tobacco use is the largest single
preventable cause of illness and
premature deaths .
 Tobacco use currently causes
about 5 million deaths (9% of all
deaths) annually.
 Approximately 1.6 million deaths
are CVD-related.
 If current smoking patterns
continue, by 2030 about 10
million deaths would be caused
by tobacco use annually. Tobacco
use has been the leading cause of
cancer death in men since 1955
and in women since 1986.

4. FORMS OF TOBACCO CONSUMPTION
Tobacco is consumed in many forms and through a number of
different methods. They may include…
1.Smokeless Tobacco
• Chewing Tobacco
• Snuff
• Creamy Snuffs
• Dipping Tobaccos
• Gutka
• Snus
• Burned Tobacco
2.Cigarette Smoking
• Cigar Smoking
• Beedi (Bidi) smoking
• Kreteks
• Hookah

5. Smokeless tobacco puts more nicotine into your bloodstream than
cigarettes do. This is one reason why people who chew or dip tobacco
regularly may think that quitting smokeless tobacco is even harder
than quitting cigarette smoking.
Using smokeless tobacco might also be a habit for you when you're in
certain situations or with certain people. For example, you may
always chew tobacco when you go to a sporting event or when you
watch TV. It can be hard to break this pattern of behavior.
Recent research shows the dangers of smokeless tobacco may go
beyond the mouth. Smokeless tobacco contains more nicotine than
cigarettes. Nicotine is a highly addictive drug.

6. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
Harmful health effects of smokeless tobacco
include:
Mouth, tongue, and throat cancer Cancer in
the esophagus (the swallowing tube that
goes from your mouth to your stomach)
Stomach cancer Pancreatic cancer Possible
increase in risk of heart disease, heart
attacks, and stroke Addiction to nicotine
Leukoplakia (white sores in the mouth that
can become cancer) Receding gums (gums
slowly shrink from around the teeth) Bone
loss around the roots of the teeth Abrasion
(scratching and wearing down) of teeth
Tooth loss Stained and discolored teeth Bad
breath

8. CHEWING TOBACCO
Chewing tobacco is used by putting a wad of tobacco inside the cheek.
Chewing tobacco and snuff contain 28 cancer-causing agents. Chewing
tobacco is more addictive because it contains higher levels of addictive
nicotine than cigarettes and can be harder to quit than cigarettes. The
most common sign of possible cancer in smokeless tobacco users is
leukoplakia, a white scaly patch or lesion inside the mouth or lips,
common among many chewing tobacco users. Red sores are also a warning
sign of cancer. Long-term snuff users have a 50 percent greater risk of
developing oral cancer than non-users, and chewing tobacco users are
more likely to become cigarette smokers. Chewing tobacco has been
known to cause cancer, particularly of the mouth and throat. Smokeless
tobacco is a major cause of oral cancer, pancreatic cancer, and esophageal
cancer.

9. DIPPING TOBACCO
Dipping tobacco, traditionally referred to as moist snuff, is a type of finely
ground or shredded, moistened smokeless tobacco product. It is used by
placing a lump or "dip" of tobacco between the lip and the gum. Nicotine is
the main ingredient of concern in smokeless tobacco. It is estimated that a
normal, 30-minute dip of smokeless tobacco delivers the same amount of
nicotine as 3-4 cigarettes. Nicotine affects the brain and central nervous
system and changes neurotransmitters levels regulating mood, learning,
alertness, and ability to concentrate. Nicotine causes the release of
endorphins, which provide a tranquilizing effect. Nicotine is considered
more addictive . According to the American Cancer Society, chewing
tobacco users are 50 times more likely than non-users to get cancers of the
cheek, gums, and inner surface of the lips. Dipping tobacco can cause fatal
oral cancers and tooth loss.

10. BURNED TOBACCO
SMOKING TOBACCO All forms of
burned tobacco generate toxic and
carcinogenic smoke. There are about
1.3 billion tobacco smokers
worldwide and this number is still
increasing. About 1 in 5 adults
smoke. More men (nearly 24%) than
women (about 18%) smoke.
Smoking rates are higher among
people with a lower education level.
Tobacco smoke contains chemicals
that are harmful to both smokers
and nonsmokers. Breathing even a
little tobacco smoke can be harmful.
Tobacco smoke contains about 4800
compounds.

11. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF SMOKING TOBACCO
HEALTH RISKS OF TOBACCO SMOKING
1. Atherosclerotic diseases of the heart and blood vessels:
Cardiovascular disease (including myocardial infarction and sudden
death)
Cerebrovascular disease (Stroke)
Peripheral vascular disease (Claudication, etc)
2.Noncancerous lung diseases:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma Cancers at many sites, including the lung, larynx, oral cavity,
esophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas, and uterine cervix.
Toxicity to the human reproductive system
Reduced Fertility

13. LEUKOPLAKIA
Leukoplakia is a white patch in the
mouth that can become cancer.
They are usually painless.
Many studies have shown high rates
of leukoplakia at the place in the
mouth where users place their chew
or dip.
One study found that nearly 3 of 4 of
daily users of moist snuff and
chewing tobacco had noncancerous
or pre-cancerous lesions (sores) in
the mouth.
The longer a person uses oral tobacco,
the more likely they are to have
leukoplakia.

14. Tobacco
Irritate or destroy gum tissue
Receding gums, gum disease, tooth decay from the high
sugar content in the tobacco), and bone loss around the
teeth
Loosen teeth
Tooth loss

15. HEART DISEASE
HEART DISEASES Smokeless tobacco may also play a role in heart disease
and high blood pressure. A large American Cancer Society study showed
that men who switched from cigarettes to snuff or chewing tobacco had
higher death rates from heart disease stroke, cancer of the mouth and
lung, and all causes of death combined than former smokers. Studies in
Sweden found that snuff (snus) users were more likely to die from their
heart attacks than non-users.

16. CANCER
Snuff and chewing tobacco
Very high levels of tobacco specific nitrosamines,
benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons
Cancer causing agents (carcinogen)
Cancers
1. About 70% of deaths in smokeless tobacco
users, are from oral cancers.
2. Other cancers caused by tobacco include
cancer of the pancreas, nasal cavity, urinary
tract, oesophagus, pharynx, larynx, intestines
and the stomach

18. Over the years, several smokeless tobacco cessation and prevention
techniques have been tried with varying levels of success. Some of them
include:
1. Education- One of the easiest and first lines of defense in cessation is to
educate them on the dangers of tobacco. Posters, pamphlets and repeated
reminders from health professionals to not use tobacco can be very
influential. Encouraging and educating young people regarding non-
tobacco use can also help that person become influential to their peers.
2. Quitting “Cold turkey”- People can and do quit chewing on their own.
The health professional can be very helpful by encouraging quitting and
giving support whenever possible. Chewers who have not been chewing
very long are often successful with this method.
CESSATION TECHNIQUES

19. 3. Chewing an alternative- Oral gratification "missing having
something in my mouth", behavioral rituals and peer pressure are
powerful influences to keep a person using smokeless tobacco. Here is
where using healthy alternatives like Mint Snuff become valuable.
Some people can quit the behavior altogether after a few weeks, others
take longer.
4. Titration- Some chewers who have strong nicotine withdrawal find
it helpful to mix Mint Snuff with their tobacco. Some mix it with
tobacco in a ratio of 1:4 one week, 1:3 the following week, 1:2 the next, 1:1
afterwards and finally to straight Mint Snuff.
5. Alternating dips- Use tobacco and Mint Snuff alternately starting
every other dip then gradually using Mint Snuff more and more until
they don't use tobacco anymore.

20. 6. Use of nicotine patches- For those
chewers who display definite signs of
nicotine withdrawal, doctors may
consider the use of nicotine patches.
Please check the latest information on
suggested levels and age criteria for the
use of patches with smokeless tobacco
users.
7. Nicotine gum (Nicorette)- Studies have
suggested that nicotine gum has not been
very helpful in the cessation efforts.
However, it is always worth a try if the
patient wants to try it.
8. A prescription of wellbutrin (also
called Zyban, a prescription anti-
depressant pill) and the use of Mint Snuff
Chew or Mint Snuff Pouches. A few un-
named professional baseball players quit
using this method.