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Building Better Citizens:  How to Foster a Positive Conversation on Race in the Classroom Stephen Menendian Attorney and Senior Legal Research Associate, Kirwan Institute October 5, 2009 Source: Lester, Julius.  Let’s Talk About Race
Hesitancy to Talk about Race ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Race Talk is Important ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Consider The Goals of Education
Benefits of Diversity and Race Talk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[U]nless our children begin to learn together, there is little hope that our people will ever learn to live together. -  Milliken v. Bradley (1974) Thurgood Marshall
Diversity in the Workplace ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Logic of Diversity Diversity of Identity, Beliefs, Experiences Diverse  Perspectives Better Outcomes Source: Scott Page, “A Logic of Diversity II” (available online)
Benefits of Viewpoint Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Toolbox View ABD EZ AHK FD Alpha Group  Diverse Group ADE BCD ABC BCD ACD BCD AEG IL
Multidisciplinary View Econ Soc Math Hist Alpha Group  Diverse Group Econ Econ Econ Econ Econ Econ Polisci Bio
Logic of Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],Source: Lu Hong and Scott Page,  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  (2002)
Race Talk Is Important ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Achieving the Benefits of Viewpoint Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Techniques for Race Talk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Techniques for Race Talk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lesson Plan Ideas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lesson Plans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Crichlow, W.E., Goodwin, S., Shakes, G. Multicultural Ways of Knowing: Implication for Practice. Journal of Education. v. 172 no2 (1990)
Lesson Plans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Crichlow, W.E., Goodwin, S., Shakes, G. Multicultural Ways of Knowing: Implication for Practice. Journal of Education  v. 172 no2 (1990)
Lesson Plans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Crichlow, W.E., Goodwin, S., Shakes, G. Multicultural Ways of Knowing: Implication for Practice. Journal of Education. v. 172 no2 (1990)
Discussion Ideas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discussion Idea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discussion Issue: Addressing Explicit Racism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discussion Ideas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Understanding Framing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
False Dichotomies and Framing From which top hat will the magician pull a bunny?
False Dichotomies and Framing ,[object Object]
Framing How messages are framed affects how they are perceived.
Colorblind Frames ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Abstract Liberalism Frame ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],I don’t think that they should be provided with unique opportunities.  I think they should have the same opportunities as everyone else.  It’s up to them to meet the standards.  I don’t think that just because you are a minority they should, you know, not meet the requirements.
Abstract Liberalism Frame - Responses [Reframe Merit] What is Merit?  Is merit test scores?  Or does background and life experience matter?  [Question equal opportunity assumption]  Are schools equal?  Do all schools offer the same number of AP classes?  Do all schools offer the same number of IB classes?  Why do we have racially segregated schools?  [Question assumption that only individual hard work matters] Sure – individual hard work matters, but do institutions also matter?  Why do students work so hard to get into good colleges?  [Question Govt. Intervention Frame]  Should the government provide social security benefits to old people?  Should government provide public education?
Naturalization Frame ,[object Object],I don’t really think it’s a segregation.  I mean, I think people, you know, spend time with people they are like, not necessarily in color, but you know, their ideas and values, and you know, maybe their class has something to do with what they’re used to.  It’s just that people that I do hang out with are just the people that I’m with all the time.  They’re in my organizations and stuff like that.
The Naturalization Frame - Responses ,[object Object],Why do all of the white students sit with white students in the cafeteria?  Do you think that families choose to live in poorer, low opportunity neighborhoods?  Do historical government policies, including private discrimination in housing, play a role in segregation today?  [Maybe make the point that the Fair Housing Act was only passed in 1968, decades after the suburbs were already built and excluded blacks]
Cultural Racism Frame ,[object Object],[object Object],I don’t think, you know, they’re all like that, but, I mean, it’s just that if it wasn’t that way, why would there be so many blacks living in the projects?  You know, why would there be so many poor blacks?  If they worked hard, they could make it just as high as anyone else you know.  You know, I just think that’s just, you know, they’re raised that way and they see what their parents are like.
The Cultural Racism Frame - Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Minimization of Racism Frame ,[object Object],[object Object],I think sometimes discrimination is used as an excuse because people felt they deserved a job, whatever.  I think if things didn’t go their way I know a lot of people have a tendency to use racism or prejudice or whatever as an excuse.  I definitely do not doubt that discrimination happens, but I think you have to look at the credentials and see if someone was qualified.  I don’t think it’s as bad as it was.  We have a black President.  Oprah Winfrey, Tiger Woods, Obama – proof that anyone can make it now.
Minimization of Racism Frame - Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Incorporating Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discussing Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Building Better Citizens: How to Foster a Positive Conversation on Race in the Classroom

  • 1. Building Better Citizens: How to Foster a Positive Conversation on Race in the Classroom Stephen Menendian Attorney and Senior Legal Research Associate, Kirwan Institute October 5, 2009 Source: Lester, Julius. Let’s Talk About Race
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  • 6. [U]nless our children begin to learn together, there is little hope that our people will ever learn to live together. - Milliken v. Bradley (1974) Thurgood Marshall
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  • 8. The Logic of Diversity Diversity of Identity, Beliefs, Experiences Diverse Perspectives Better Outcomes Source: Scott Page, “A Logic of Diversity II” (available online)
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  • 10. Toolbox View ABD EZ AHK FD Alpha Group Diverse Group ADE BCD ABC BCD ACD BCD AEG IL
  • 11. Multidisciplinary View Econ Soc Math Hist Alpha Group Diverse Group Econ Econ Econ Econ Econ Econ Polisci Bio
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  • 26. False Dichotomies and Framing From which top hat will the magician pull a bunny?
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  • 28. Framing How messages are framed affects how they are perceived.
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  • 31. Abstract Liberalism Frame - Responses [Reframe Merit] What is Merit? Is merit test scores? Or does background and life experience matter? [Question equal opportunity assumption] Are schools equal? Do all schools offer the same number of AP classes? Do all schools offer the same number of IB classes? Why do we have racially segregated schools? [Question assumption that only individual hard work matters] Sure – individual hard work matters, but do institutions also matter? Why do students work so hard to get into good colleges? [Question Govt. Intervention Frame] Should the government provide social security benefits to old people? Should government provide public education?
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Editor's Notes

  1. * The work we do at the Kirwan Institute often involves audiences that are receptive of our message. - “Open but skeptical” * We are not often asked to defend our positions in this environment; however, the general public we encounter on a daily basis is not necessarily as receptive. * With the Kirwan Mission & Vision statement obliging us all “to assist in reframing the way that we talk about, think about and act on race and ethnicity,” we want to use this time to practice these skills as they arise in contexts beyond Kirwan. ***** Goals of this Brownbag: -This is intended to be an exercise that helps us all become more comfortable addressing race when it comes up in everyday situations. -We want to provide a collaborative environment in which we can hone our communication skills and share speaking strategies. -This is meant to be a learning process for us all. We don’t have the answers either. There may not be universal answers. the individual characteristics of both the person theoretically saying these fictitious statements and each of your individual attributes will shape responses. We’re open to entertaining a variety of possibilities coming from numerous perspectives.
  2. The research is clear that
  3. Contact theory suggests in order to most effectively impact self-esteem and cultural fluency, there must be noncompetitive, collaborative contact between students with equal status from diverse backgrounds.