1. Exploration of Space

2. Rockets History China 1100s Flaming arrows British 1812 Military Germany WWII V2 (England)

3. Rocketry Forces Thrust Exploding gas Velocity Forward motion of rocket Orbital velocity (Force need to orbit Earth) Escape velocity (Force need to leave Earth) 40,200 Km per hour or 11 Km per second

4. Stages

5. Space Race Sputnik 1 (1957) USSR First object to be in orbit Luna 1 (1959) USSR First object to fly by moon Venera 1 (1961) USSR First to fly by Venus

6. Space Race Mariner 4 (1964) USA First to fly by Mars Luna 9 (1966) USSR First moon landing Apollo 8 (1968) USA First Human fly by moon Apollo 11 (1969) USA First Human on Moon Neil Armstrong

7. Space Race Venera 7 (1970) USSR First Venus Landing Mars 3 (1971) USSR First Mars Landing Apollo 15 (1971) USA First vehicle on Moon

8. Space Race Pioneer 10 (1972) USA First spacecraft to Jupiter Pioneer 11 (1973) USA First to Saturn Skylab (1973-1979) USA First orbiting space station Mariner 10 (1975) USA First to visit Mercury

9. Space Race Helios 2 (1976) USA/Germany 43 million Km of Sun Voyager 2 (1977) USA Uranus & Neptune (1989) ICE (1978) USA Comet Tail

10. Space Race Space Shuttle (1983-2011) Reusable spacecraft

11. Space Race Vega/Sakigake/Giotto/Suisei (USSR/Japan/Europe) 1985 All fly to Halley’s comet Mir (1986-2001) USSR Largest space station Hubble Space Telescope (1990) USA/Europe First High resolution telescope in orbit

12. Space Race NEAR (1996) USA Asteroids and comets Mars Pathfinder (1997) USA First rover on a planet Cassini/Huygens (1997) Europe/USA Saturn system and Titan moon

13. Space Race International Space Station (1998-2020) “World” (50 People visited = up to 6 at a time) Can be seen by unaided eye at night

14. Space Race Mars Rovers (2003) USA Spirit & Opportunity (still driving on Mars) New Horizons (2006) USA Visit Pluto/Charon

15. Space Debris 20,000 large objects > 4 in 2007 China shoots down satellite (massive debris) Feb 2009 Two satellites collide by accident