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Tidal Energy
What is Tidal Energy?
 Tidal Energy is a form of hydropower that
  creates forms of energy by converting the energy
  of the incoming and outgoing tides.
 Tidal energy is a reliable source of power because
  of its predictability, tide cycles are always known
  as opposed to the inconsistent power of the wind
  and sun.
 The stronger the tide, either in water level height
  or current strength, the greater the potential for
  power generation.
Methods of Harnessing Energy
from The Tides
 There are multiple methods of obtaining energy from
  the changing tides and each has their own set of
  advantages and disadvantages.
 Depending on the location, one particular method
  could be more appropriate than another
 A barrage would be used in an estuary with a large
  fluctuation between high and low tide
 Wave methods would be used farther out in the sea if
  there is a particular area with large waves.
 Underwater turbines are useful if there are strong
  underwater currents
Tidal energy
           Wave energy
What is ocean wave energy
Energy harnessed from waves is an
alternative energy source that has been
in use for centuries. The kinetic energy
(movement) exists in the moving waves
of the ocean. There is tremendous
energy in the ocean waves. Ocean wave
energy is captured directly from surface
waves or from pressure fluctuations
below the surface.
Tidal energy
           Wave energy



                                     •depends on the waves – variable energy supply
                                     •needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong
                                     •some designs are noisy
 •the energy is free – no fuel is    •mist be able to withstand very rough weather
                                     costly to develop
 needed and no waste is produced     •visual impact if above water or on shore
 •not expensive to operate and       can disturb or disrupt marine life – including changes in the
                                     distribution and types of marine life near the shore
 maintain                            •poses a possible threat to navigation from collisions due to
 •can produce a significant amount   the low profile of the wave energy devices above the water,
                                     making them undetectable either by direct sighting or by
 of energy.                          radar
                                     •may interfere with mooring and anchorage lines with
                                     commercial and sport-fishing
                                     •may degrade scenic ocean front views from wave energy
                                     devices located near or on the shore, and from onshore
                                     overhead electric transmission lines.
Tidal energy Wave energy
Wave-Energy Conversion Devices
Wave power devices extract energy          While all wave energy technologies
directly from the surface motion           are intended to be installed at or near
of ocean waves or from pressure            the water's surface, they differ in their
fluctuations below the surface.            orientation to the waves with which
                                           they are interacting and in the
A variety of technologies have
                                           manner in which they convert the
been proposed to capture the
                                           energy of the waves into other energy
energy from waves.
                                           forms, usually electricity. The
Wave technologies have been
                                           following wave technologies have
designed to be installed in near
                                           been the target of recent
shore, offshore, and far offshore
                                           development.
locations.

              Terminator            Point
  Oyster                                           Attenuators           Overtopping
              devices               absorber
                                                                         devices
Tidal energy Wave energy
Wave-Energy Conversion Devices
Aquamarine Power is the owner and
developer of Oyster, the world’s
largest working hydro-electric wave
energy converter. Oyster has been
designed to harness the abundant
natural energy found in near shore waves
and convert it into sustainable zero-
emission electricity.
Oyster is a simple mechanical hinged
flap connected to the seabed at around
10m depth. Each passing wave moves the
flap, driving hydraulic pistons to deliver
high pressure water via a pipeline to an
onshore electrical turbine. Multiple
Oyster devices are designed to be
deployed in utility-scale wave farms
typically of 100MW or more.
Oyster will combine high efficiency and
survivability with low cost operations,
maintenance and manufacture to
Tidal energy
           Wave energy
Wave-Energy Conversion Devices

Terminator devices extend
perpendicular to the direction of wave
travel and capture or reflect the power of
the wave. These devices are typically
onshore or near shore; however, floating
versions have been designed for offshore
applications. The oscillating water
column is a form of terminator in which
water enters through a subsurface
opening into a chamber with air trapped
above it. The wave action causes the
captured water column to move up and
down like a piston to force the air though
an opening connected to a turbine.
Potential wave energy extraction
technology.
Tidal energy      Wave energy
Wave-Energy Conversion Devices
                             A point absorber is a floating
                             structure with components that move
                             relative to each other due to wave action
                             (e.g., a floating buoy inside a fixed
                             cylinder). The relative motion is used to
                             drive electromechanical or hydraulic
                             energy converters.
Tidal energy                         Attenuators are long
                   Wave energy       multisegment floating structures
                                     oriented parallel to the direction of
Wave-Energy Conversion Devices       the waves. The differing heights of
                                     waves along the length of the device
                                     causes flexing where the segments
Pelamis :                            connect, and this flexing is connected
                                     to hydraulic pumps or other
World’s First                        converters.
Commercial Wave
Energy Project




                                     The wave energy converter
                                     shown is a semi-submerged,
The device is a long, tubular        articulated structure composed
Structure which floats on the        of cylindrical sections linked by
surface of the ocean and converts    hinged joints. These structures
incoming waves from all directions   can also be aligned in a row, one
Tidal energy Wave energy
Wave-Energy Conversion Devices
Overtopping devices have
reservoirs that are filled by
incoming waves to levels above the
average surrounding ocean. The
water is then released, and gravity
causes it to fall back toward the
ocean surface. The energy of the
falling water is used to turn hydro
turbines. Specially built seagoing
vessels can also capture the energy
of offshore waves. These floating
platforms create electricity by
funneling waves through internal
turbines and then back into the sea.
Tidal Barrage
•A special kind of dam called a "barrage" is used to capture the
power of the tides.
•As high tide comes in, gates in the barrage are opened. The rush
of water rotates the turbines at the sides of these gates.
•When the tide is fully in, the gates are closed, and the water is
trapped until low tide.
•At low tide, the water within the barrage is higher than the water
beyond.
•The gates are reopened, and water rushes back toward the ocean.
The torrent of water again turns the wheels of the turbines.
•Therefore, the turbines generate electricity during the surge of
both high and low tides and make this system on harnessing
energy a very productive one.
Tidal Barrage Pros Vs. Cons


• Clean, renewable energy.          •   Costs of building is
• Good for the environment.             tremendous.
• Once installed, little            •   Only provides power when the
  maintenance.                          tide is going in and out
                                        (around 10 hours per day)
• Power is free once barrage is
  built.                            •   Affects transportation in the
                                        waterway.
• Tides are very reliable and
                                    •   Affects wild life in the area
  easy to predict.
                                    •   Maximum energy is limited to
• Cost of technology is likely to
                                        2.5 terawatts. Total amount of
  fall
                                        tidal dissipation or the friction
• Sustainable                           measured by slowing of the
                                        lunar orbit.
Barrage Diagram
Bay of Fundy Tidal Project
              • A possible project site
                close to here is the Bay
                of Fundy.
              • A Barrage is planned to
                be built in the minas
                basin just off the coast
                of Nova Scotia.
              • The Bay of Fundy has
                the highest tides in the
                world making this a
                desirable location for
                this project.
•Tidal Turbines are an alternative way to conserve energy using tidal
currents

•They are very close in concept to using a windmill under the sea, river, or
ocean

• Water currents turn the turbines, which activates a generator that
produces electricity

•The blades are designed for bi-directional flow , so they turn regardless of
which way the tide is moving

•They usually spin between 10 and 20 times
per minute
•Northern Ireland's Strangford Narrows – this is a green electricity
generator that relies on the changing tide to produce power for about
1000 homes
•It is the worlds largest ever tidal turbine


•New York City’s East River has six 35 kilowatt turbines will produce
enough energy to provide for a supermarket and a parking garage
•They can be as close as six feet from the surface and they are 16 foot,
rotors that spin with the tidal change Northern Ireland’s Strangford Narrows
    East River Turbines
•Tidal dams restrict fish
                                migration and cause silt build
•They produce no                up which affects tidal basin
atmospheric waste               ecosystems in negative ways
•It does not need fuel to run   •People are working on more
•Although it is expensive to    fish friendly turbines, yet it is
                                hard to prevent all fish from
build, it is not expensive to
                                avoiding these turbines. This
maintain                        means that there are some fish
•All the tides of the rivers,   killings from the use of
seas, and oceans are            turbines
predictable so one can know     •There are only about 40 high
when the most energy will be    flow areas on Earth where
produced                        these turbines would work to
• It is completely renewable    their highest potential
Bibliography
• Kidd, J. S., and Renee A. Kidd. "clean energy and reducing air
  pollution." Air Pollution, Science and Society. New York: Facts On
  File, Inc., 2005. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc.
  http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin
  = AIR0013&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 1, 2010).
• Nichols, C. Reid, and Robert G. Williams. "tidal power plant."
  Encyclopedia of Marine Science. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008.
  Science Online. Facts On File, Inc.
  http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin
  = EMS0497&SingleRecord=True (accessed February 28, 2010).
• William K. Fox, "Energy sources", in AccessScience@McGraw-Hill,
  http://www.accessscience.com, DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.233000
• George G. Adkins, "Tidal power", in AccessScience@McGraw-Hill,
  http://www.accessscience.com, DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.696700

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Alternative Energy

  • 2. What is Tidal Energy?  Tidal Energy is a form of hydropower that creates forms of energy by converting the energy of the incoming and outgoing tides.  Tidal energy is a reliable source of power because of its predictability, tide cycles are always known as opposed to the inconsistent power of the wind and sun.  The stronger the tide, either in water level height or current strength, the greater the potential for power generation.
  • 3. Methods of Harnessing Energy from The Tides  There are multiple methods of obtaining energy from the changing tides and each has their own set of advantages and disadvantages.  Depending on the location, one particular method could be more appropriate than another
  • 4.  A barrage would be used in an estuary with a large fluctuation between high and low tide  Wave methods would be used farther out in the sea if there is a particular area with large waves.  Underwater turbines are useful if there are strong underwater currents
  • 5. Tidal energy Wave energy What is ocean wave energy Energy harnessed from waves is an alternative energy source that has been in use for centuries. The kinetic energy (movement) exists in the moving waves of the ocean. There is tremendous energy in the ocean waves. Ocean wave energy is captured directly from surface waves or from pressure fluctuations below the surface.
  • 6. Tidal energy Wave energy •depends on the waves – variable energy supply •needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong •some designs are noisy •the energy is free – no fuel is •mist be able to withstand very rough weather costly to develop needed and no waste is produced •visual impact if above water or on shore •not expensive to operate and can disturb or disrupt marine life – including changes in the distribution and types of marine life near the shore maintain •poses a possible threat to navigation from collisions due to •can produce a significant amount the low profile of the wave energy devices above the water, making them undetectable either by direct sighting or by of energy. radar •may interfere with mooring and anchorage lines with commercial and sport-fishing •may degrade scenic ocean front views from wave energy devices located near or on the shore, and from onshore overhead electric transmission lines.
  • 7. Tidal energy Wave energy Wave-Energy Conversion Devices Wave power devices extract energy While all wave energy technologies directly from the surface motion are intended to be installed at or near of ocean waves or from pressure the water's surface, they differ in their fluctuations below the surface. orientation to the waves with which they are interacting and in the A variety of technologies have manner in which they convert the been proposed to capture the energy of the waves into other energy energy from waves. forms, usually electricity. The Wave technologies have been following wave technologies have designed to be installed in near been the target of recent shore, offshore, and far offshore development. locations. Terminator Point Oyster Attenuators Overtopping devices absorber devices
  • 8. Tidal energy Wave energy Wave-Energy Conversion Devices Aquamarine Power is the owner and developer of Oyster, the world’s largest working hydro-electric wave energy converter. Oyster has been designed to harness the abundant natural energy found in near shore waves and convert it into sustainable zero- emission electricity. Oyster is a simple mechanical hinged flap connected to the seabed at around 10m depth. Each passing wave moves the flap, driving hydraulic pistons to deliver high pressure water via a pipeline to an onshore electrical turbine. Multiple Oyster devices are designed to be deployed in utility-scale wave farms typically of 100MW or more. Oyster will combine high efficiency and survivability with low cost operations, maintenance and manufacture to
  • 9. Tidal energy Wave energy Wave-Energy Conversion Devices Terminator devices extend perpendicular to the direction of wave travel and capture or reflect the power of the wave. These devices are typically onshore or near shore; however, floating versions have been designed for offshore applications. The oscillating water column is a form of terminator in which water enters through a subsurface opening into a chamber with air trapped above it. The wave action causes the captured water column to move up and down like a piston to force the air though an opening connected to a turbine. Potential wave energy extraction technology.
  • 10. Tidal energy Wave energy Wave-Energy Conversion Devices A point absorber is a floating structure with components that move relative to each other due to wave action (e.g., a floating buoy inside a fixed cylinder). The relative motion is used to drive electromechanical or hydraulic energy converters.
  • 11. Tidal energy Attenuators are long Wave energy multisegment floating structures oriented parallel to the direction of Wave-Energy Conversion Devices the waves. The differing heights of waves along the length of the device causes flexing where the segments Pelamis : connect, and this flexing is connected to hydraulic pumps or other World’s First converters. Commercial Wave Energy Project The wave energy converter shown is a semi-submerged, The device is a long, tubular articulated structure composed Structure which floats on the of cylindrical sections linked by surface of the ocean and converts hinged joints. These structures incoming waves from all directions can also be aligned in a row, one
  • 12. Tidal energy Wave energy Wave-Energy Conversion Devices Overtopping devices have reservoirs that are filled by incoming waves to levels above the average surrounding ocean. The water is then released, and gravity causes it to fall back toward the ocean surface. The energy of the falling water is used to turn hydro turbines. Specially built seagoing vessels can also capture the energy of offshore waves. These floating platforms create electricity by funneling waves through internal turbines and then back into the sea.
  • 13. Tidal Barrage •A special kind of dam called a "barrage" is used to capture the power of the tides. •As high tide comes in, gates in the barrage are opened. The rush of water rotates the turbines at the sides of these gates. •When the tide is fully in, the gates are closed, and the water is trapped until low tide. •At low tide, the water within the barrage is higher than the water beyond. •The gates are reopened, and water rushes back toward the ocean. The torrent of water again turns the wheels of the turbines. •Therefore, the turbines generate electricity during the surge of both high and low tides and make this system on harnessing energy a very productive one.
  • 14. Tidal Barrage Pros Vs. Cons • Clean, renewable energy. • Costs of building is • Good for the environment. tremendous. • Once installed, little • Only provides power when the maintenance. tide is going in and out (around 10 hours per day) • Power is free once barrage is built. • Affects transportation in the waterway. • Tides are very reliable and • Affects wild life in the area easy to predict. • Maximum energy is limited to • Cost of technology is likely to 2.5 terawatts. Total amount of fall tidal dissipation or the friction • Sustainable measured by slowing of the lunar orbit.
  • 16. Bay of Fundy Tidal Project • A possible project site close to here is the Bay of Fundy. • A Barrage is planned to be built in the minas basin just off the coast of Nova Scotia. • The Bay of Fundy has the highest tides in the world making this a desirable location for this project.
  • 17. •Tidal Turbines are an alternative way to conserve energy using tidal currents •They are very close in concept to using a windmill under the sea, river, or ocean • Water currents turn the turbines, which activates a generator that produces electricity •The blades are designed for bi-directional flow , so they turn regardless of which way the tide is moving •They usually spin between 10 and 20 times per minute
  • 18. •Northern Ireland's Strangford Narrows – this is a green electricity generator that relies on the changing tide to produce power for about 1000 homes •It is the worlds largest ever tidal turbine •New York City’s East River has six 35 kilowatt turbines will produce enough energy to provide for a supermarket and a parking garage •They can be as close as six feet from the surface and they are 16 foot, rotors that spin with the tidal change Northern Ireland’s Strangford Narrows East River Turbines
  • 19. •Tidal dams restrict fish migration and cause silt build •They produce no up which affects tidal basin atmospheric waste ecosystems in negative ways •It does not need fuel to run •People are working on more •Although it is expensive to fish friendly turbines, yet it is hard to prevent all fish from build, it is not expensive to avoiding these turbines. This maintain means that there are some fish •All the tides of the rivers, killings from the use of seas, and oceans are turbines predictable so one can know •There are only about 40 high when the most energy will be flow areas on Earth where produced these turbines would work to • It is completely renewable their highest potential
  • 20. Bibliography • Kidd, J. S., and Renee A. Kidd. "clean energy and reducing air pollution." Air Pollution, Science and Society. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin = AIR0013&SingleRecord=True (accessed March 1, 2010). • Nichols, C. Reid, and Robert G. Williams. "tidal power plant." Encyclopedia of Marine Science. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin = EMS0497&SingleRecord=True (accessed February 28, 2010). • William K. Fox, "Energy sources", in AccessScience@McGraw-Hill, http://www.accessscience.com, DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.233000 • George G. Adkins, "Tidal power", in AccessScience@McGraw-Hill, http://www.accessscience.com, DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.696700