Internal Medicine Board Review Flashcards - This eBook contains 50 Endocrinology Flashcards. The Flashcards are review questions and can be used to study for medical board exams including the USMLE Step Exams and the ABIM Internal Medicine Exam. More questions can be found at www.knowmedge.com

1. Endocrinology & Metabolism
Includes 50 Flashcards for Board Exam prep
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INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

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INTERNALMEDICINEBOARDREVIEWFLASHCARDS
Endocrinology & Metabolism
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4. What are the three main types of
autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
(APS)?
Question 1
APS Type I, APS Type II, and X-linked
polyendocrinopathy, immunodeficiency
and diarrhea-syndrome (XPID)
Answer 1

5. What autoimmune polyendocrine
syndrome is characterized by the
occurrence of Addison's disease along
with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or
type I diabetes mellitus?
Question 2
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
(APS) Type II
Answer 2

6. Patients with autoimmune
polyendocrine syndrome (APS) Type I
generally have two of three possible
conditions. What are the three
conditions?
Question 3
APS type I is characterized by at least
two of the following three conditions:
hypoparathyroidism, mucocutaneous
candidiasis, Addison's disease (adrenal
insufficiency)
Answer 3

7. What is the most common type of
autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
(APS)?
Question 4
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
(APS) Type II
Answer 4

8. What are the hormones produced in the
neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary
gland)?
Question 5
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and
Oxytocin
Answer 5

9. What hormone in excess can lead to
Cushing's syndrome?
Question 6
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Answer 6

10. The screening test for excess of what
hormone is insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-
1)?
Question 7
Growth hormone (GH)
Answer 7

11. What hormone is inhibited by dopamine
from the hypothalamus?
Question 8
Prolactin
Answer 8

12. Paraplegia, high calcium, deafness and
high output congestive heart failure are
seen in what condition?
Question 9
Osteosarcoma
Answer 9

13. What is the T score range on DEXA scan
for a diagnosis of osteoporosis?
Question 10
T-score between -1 and -2.5
Answer 10

14. What common chronic condition can
cause a discrepancy between the T score
of the spine and the hip?
Question 11
Osteoarthritis of the spine
Answer 11

15. In the workup of amenorrhea, follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) level ≥35 U/L
suggests what likely diagnosis?
Question 12
Primary ovarian failure
Answer 12

16. In the workup of amenorrhea, follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) 20U/L - 35
U/L suggests what likely diagnosis?
Question 13
Low ovarian reserve
Answer 13

17. What is a normal follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH) level?
Question 14
<20 U/L
Answer 14

18. What is another term for subclinical
hypothyroidism?
Question 15
Mild thyroid failure
Answer 15

19. What value (TSH or free T4) determines
if subclinical hypothyroidism should be
treated?
Question 16
TSH. Treat if greater than 10μU/mL
Answer 16

20. Of the lab changes associated with
treating subclinical hypothyroidism,
what most corresponds to a decrease in
the chances of developing coronary
artery disease?
Question 17
Lower LDL
Answer 17

21. What is the time cut-off after which an
elevated PSA in the context of
testosterone use warrants biopsy?
Question 18
6 months
Answer 18

22. What effect does testosterone use have
on hemoglobin?
Question 19
Increased hemoglobin
Answer 19

23. Polycystic ovarian syndrome features
elevated testosterone and LH:FSH ratio
greater than or equal to what value?
Question 20
LH:FSH ratio greater than or equal to 3:1
Answer 20

24. In what conditions causing hirsutism
would we expect the DHEA (17-OH
ketosteroid) levels to be elevated?
Question 21
Cushing’s disease, Adrenal carcinoma, or
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Answer 21

25. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is
caused by what enzyme deficiency?
Question 22
21-beta hydroxylase
Answer 22

26. What are the two thyroid-related
emergencies?
Question 23
Thyroid storm and Myxedema coma
Answer 23

27. What are the two most common
symptoms in myxedema coma?
Question 24
Hypothermia (temp less than 35°C) and
Obtunded state
Answer 24

28. What are the main treatments for
myxedema coma?
Question 25
Intravenous levothyroxine, Intravenous
steroids and Antibiotics
Answer 25

29. What is the enzyme that converts 17-OH
progesterone to cortisol?
Question 26
21-beta hydroxylase
Answer 26

30. What type of inheritance pattern does
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
follow?
Question 27
Autosomal recessive
Answer 27

31. What condition is associated with
antibodies to post-synaptic acetylcholine
receptors?
Question 28
Myasthenia gravis
Answer 28

32. What condition is associated with
antibodies to pre-synaptic acetylcholine
receptors?
Question 29
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Answer 29

33. What lab value is expected to be
elevated in the context of a strong family
history of heart disease and low HDL?
Question 30
Lipoprotein(a)
Answer 30

34. In what 3 main deficiencies can
homocysteine levels be elevated?
Question 31
Vitamin B12, Folate, or Vitamin B6
deficiency
Answer 31

35. Impaired fasting glucose is diagnosed
when the blood glucose is in what
range?
Question 32
100-125mg/dL
Answer 32

36. What is the antibody most clinically
useful for diagnosing type 1 diabetes
mellitus?
Question 33
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase
Answer 33

37. What 3 main ophthalmologic findings
can be seen in proliferative diabetic
retinopathy?
Question 34
Cotton-wool spots, Neovascularization,
or Macular edema
Answer 34

38. What is the definition of prediabetes
based on hemoglobin A1c?
Question 35
A1c between 6.0 and 6.5%
Answer 35

39. What type of bone lesions are seen in
multiple myeloma?
Question 36
Lytic bone lesions
Answer 36

40. In which calcium abnormality (hyper- or
hypo-) does tapping of the facial nerve
cause contraction of the facial muscle?
Question 37
Hypocalcemia. Finding is known as
Chvostek sign.
Answer 37

41. Is pancreatitis associated with hypo or
hypercalcemia?
Question 38
Hypercalcemia
Answer 38

42. Is hypercalcemia more commonly
associated with constipation or
diarrhea?
Question 39
Constipation
Answer 39

43. Which combination is at greater risk of
developing osteoporosis: Active lifestyle
& High BMI or Sedentary lifestyle & Low
BMI
Question 40
Sedentary lifestyle & Low BMI
Answer 40

44. What is the T score range on DEXA scan
for a diagnosis of osteoporosis?
Question 41
Less than -2.5
Answer 41

45. What injectable medication may be
given for osteoporosis?
Question 42
Teriparatide
Answer 42

46. True or False: Plicamycin is an effective,
commonly used treatment for patients
with hypercalcemia associated
sarcoidosis.
Question 43
False; Plicamycin is not used often
because of its potential renal, liver, and
bone marrow side effects.
Answer 43

47. What medication is used to decrease
calcium levels in primary and tertiary
hyperparathyroidism?
Question 44
Cinacalcet, a calcimimetic agent
Answer 44

48. What is the main side effect limiting the
use of calcitonin?
Question 45
Tachyphylaxis, which is a sudden
decrease in the effectiveness of the drug
Answer 45

49. In addition to aggressive IV fluids, what is
the best medication to provide a
sustained calcium-lowering effect in
malignancy?
Question 46
IV Zoledronate
Answer 46

50. What are the three Ps associated with
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) 1?
Question 47
Parathyroid hyperplasia, Pancreas islet
cell tumor, Pituitary tumor
Answer 47

51. What is the age cut-off indication for
parathyroidectomy in patients with
primary hyperparathyroidism?
Question 48
Age less than 50 years
Answer 48

52. What is the calcium cut-off indication for
parathyroidectomy in patients with
primary hyperparathyroidism?
Question 49
Calcium greater than 1mg/dL above
normal (>12 mg/dL)
Answer 49

53. What form of vitamin D is elevated in
patients with sarcoidosis?
Question 50
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
Answer 50

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