Environ arc energy audit report 2 with appendices

BERRI BARMERA COUNCIL
LEVEL 1 ENERGY AUDITS OF SELECTED COUNCIL FACILITIES
January 2013
ENVIRONARC
PO BOX 56
NORTH ADELAIDE 5006
Telephone: 1300 738 611
Facsimile: (08) 8537 0657
Email: environarc@environarc.com.au
Website: www.environarc.com.au
Auditor: Tad Stec
Master of Science – Electrical Engineering
P Eng, Dip Ed, MIEA, MAPEA
Contact: 0426 863 422

Berri and Barmera Council
Energy Audit Level 1
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CONTENTS
Item Description Page
1 Introduction 3
2 Energy Audit Methodology 4
3 Energy Audit Assumptions and Clarifications 4
4 The Energy User’s Role and Responsibilities 5
5 Audit Scope 6
6 Common Findings and General Notes for all Audited Facilities 7
7 Audit Findings – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11
7.1 Summary of Potential Savings – All Sites 11
7.2 Barmera Bowling Club 13
7.3 Barmera United Soccer Club 20
7.4 Bonney Theatre 26
7.5 Barmera Library 31
7.6 Barmera Recreation Centre 38
7.7 Hayden Stoekel Swimming Pool 44
7.8 Glassey Recreation Park 48
7.9 Berri Visitor Information Centre 53
7.10 Berri Works depot 60
7.11 Berri Barmera Council Chambers 67
7.12 Berri Town Hall (Rivoli Theatre) and Len Mahoney Room 74
Appendix – Energy Audit Plan and Program
Appendix – Overview of Education Workshops
Appendix – Energy Saving and HVAC Basics

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1 INTRODUCTION
EnvironArc was commissioned by the Berri Barmera Council (hereinafter referred to
as the Council) to undertake a Level One Energy Audit at a list of selected Council
facilities, in accordance with AS/NZS 3598:2000.
Energy Audits may vary in their range and depth of study; however, they shall include
the following elements:
Level 1 Energy Audit General
a) Examination of energy consumption and sources.
b) Consideration of building fabric, site services, their controls and major energy-
using processes.
c) Consideration of occupancy, site use and environmental conditions and
requirements.
d) Analysis of energy performance in relation to size of site and activities carried out
within it, considering its location and climate.
e) Review of energy management policy and procedures including staff resources,
any monitoring or target setting and any planned or future investment.
f) Identification and recommendation of measures to implement energy and
financial savings opportunities.
Level 1 Energy Audit Specific
A Level 1 audit does not necessarily require a site visit, although this can be
organised if requested by either party.
A Level 1 audit shall include the following:
a) Liaison with the auditor’s contact on site to ascertain the following:
 Building construction type and fabric.
 Type and configuration of services.
 Appropriate unit of production and its quantity (e.g. net lettable area for office
space, number of students for a school, number of beds for a hospital).
b) Determination of total consumption of all fuels for the 24-month period before the
audit, ascertained from billing data provided by the energy user. If this data is
unavailable, the auditor shall estimate the consumption(s) based on the installed
loads, clearly stating the relevant assumptions in the report.
c) Evaluation of load profile data, if available.
d) Preparation of monthly or seasonal energy consumption profiles (i.e.,
kWh/month, MJ/month,) of all fuels for the previous two years. Preparation of
appropriate energy performance indicators (e.g., kWh/production unit,
$/production unit, kWh/sq/m, MJ/sq/m, $/sq/m, kWh/student, MJ/student,
$/student) and compare with industry norms, if available.
e) A tariff analysis of all forms of energy being used at the audit site.
f) Identification of potential for reduction of energy consumption and cost at the site
with regard to the above tasks, and provision of recommendations for further
action, which may include staff training, capital works, maintenance, substitution
of fuels, tariff changes and a higher level energy audit.
g) Preparation of a report, which shall include any findings and recommendations
arising from carrying out tasks as described above. The report should also
include the sources of data and the accuracy of estimations.
The recommendations presented in this energy audit are subject to practical and
operational considerations, which the Council or its contractors are in the best

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position to judge. The main role of the energy auditor has been to identify areas,
which have the potential to reduce energy consumption for the benefit of the Council.
2 ENERGY AUDIT METHODOLOGY
This Audit follows EnvironArc’s Reporting Framework and Guidelines as prescribed
by Australian Standard (AS 3598:2000) Level 1 Energy Audit as set out below:
a) Interview with Key Facility Personnel
b) Facility Tour
c) Document Review
d) Staff Interviews
e) Utility Analysis
f) Identify/Evaluate Feasible ECMs (Environmental Conservation Measures)
g) Economic Analysis
h) Prepare a report summarising Audit Findings
i) Review recommendations with Management and Staff
The information contained in this audit report is based upon:
a) Data collected by EnvironArc’s electrical and mechanical engineering auditor
b) Energy usage data supplied by the Council
c) Main plant equipment kW rating and estimated run hours at peak and off-peak
provided by the Council
d) Building layout sketches supplied by the Council
e) Interviews conducted with staff and external contractors/suppliers during site
inspections.
NOTE: The information contained in this report has been sourced from energy
profiles and spatial information provided by the Berri Barmera
Council. EnvironArc’s consultant undertook site inspections and
conducted interviews with users of the facilities where available, in
order to compile the information required for this audit.
3 ENERGY AUDIT ASSUMPTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS
a) The potential energy savings and cost estimates suggested in the
recommendations provided in this report are submitted only as an indicative
annual guide. Therefore, these should provide a reasonable level of estimation to
enable decision-making or prediction to determine a basis for further
investigations. AS/NZS 3598:2000 requires the estimates and predictions to be
within ± 40%.
b) Every effort has been made to audit all relevant elements of the facilities in good
faith; consequently, this report is not a guarantee but is a qualified professional
opinion based on the information provided and the condition of the facilities when
inspected.
c) EnvironArc’s liability with respect to the advice given in this report shall be limited
to a refund of the relevant consultancy fee charged to the client. EnvironArc does
not accept responsibility for services other than those provided in this report, or
for work carried out by other trades, consultants, sub consultants or practitioners
to whom the client has engaged or EnvironArc may refer.
d) Spatial information has been estimated from the client’s building sketches as
detailed building plans were not available. The sketches have not been checked
to confirm whether the information is accurate.
e) The analysis of this report generally focuses on the major energy consuming
areas.

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f) The dismantling or detailed inspection of individual plant or the measurement of
buildings to confirm the area analysis was not done and is outside the brief for
this project.
g) The inspection did not include spaces, rooms or plant and equipment that were
inaccessible or not reasonably visible. A physical inspection of roofs or wall
spaces to determine the level of insulation has not been undertaken.
h) All costs or rates quoted in this report exclude GST except where noted and are
provided as an indicative guide only, not a formal assessment by a Quantity
Surveyors estimate.
4 THE ENERGY USER’S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Pre audit - Choice of audit level
The energy user shall define the level of audit required, taking into account the
following:
(a) Specific issues to be addressed by the audit
(b) Complexity of site
(c) Total budget available for the audit and subsequent implementation
Information to be provided by the user to the auditor
The energy user shall provide the following information to the auditor or include the
sourcing of it as outlined in the auditor’s scope of work:
 Level of energy audit required.
 Details of the Council’s representative on site for the auditor to contact.
 Date when completed audit report is required.
 Details of activities at the site; for example, occupancy, production levels and
times of use.
 Major specific issues at the audit site, which may have prompted the energy
audit, or which are required to be addressed by the audit report.
 Findings from any previous audits.
 Basic information about energy management activities at the site.
 Previous 24 months energy billing history.
 Site energy load profiles.
 Short- or long-term plans for the site which may affect recommendations.
 The required basis for financial evaluation.
 Basic site plans indicating the useable floor space of the audit site buildings.
 Engineering services diagrams.
 Site access restrictions.
NOTE: The Council provided data of energy consumption for the previous
twelve months, except for:
 Barmera Recreation Centre and Hayden Stoekel Swimming Pool
(5 months only)
 Barmera United Soccer Club - no data was available.

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During the audit
The energy user should arrange for appropriate site access and meetings as
required.
Post audit
The energy user should carry out the following after the audit report has been
completed and handed over:
 Decide whether to progress to one of the other levels.
 Produce an action plan that outlines, by priority, the tasks and costs involved in
implementing each measure, the allocation of these tasks, and the timetable for
their implementation. NOTE: This action is critical for effective implementation of
energy audit findings.
 Consult staff representatives, building occupants and other interested parties who
are to be involved in the introduction of measures in the action plan and whose
collaboration will be vital to its success.
 Regularly monitor the results of measures implemented and review the action
 plan as required.
5 AUDIT SCOPE
EnvironArc has been engaged by the Berri Barmera Council to investigate and
facilitate energy efficiency opportunities in eleven of its community buildings.
This report completes Level 1 of the investigation, which includes the preparation of a
report for Council, detailing the energy efficiency opportunities at each of the
facilities.
The facilities inspected and reported on included the following:
1. Barmera Bowling Club
2. Barmera United Soccer Club
3. Bonney Theatre and Memorial Hall
4. Barmera Library
5. Barmera Recreation Centre
6. Hayden Stoekel Swiming Pool
7. Glassey Park Recreation Park
8. Berri Visitor and Information Centre
9. The Berri Works Depot
10. Berri Barmera Council Chamber
11. Berri Town Hall
The purpose of the audit is to identify opportunities for electrical energy efficiency
opportunities at the eleven sites for the consideration of and action by Council.

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6 COMMON FINDINGS AND GENERAL NOTES FOR ALL AUDITED FACILITIES
The energy consumption in buildings is influenced by main factors such as:
a) Building fabric
b) Building services
c) Installed equipment
d) Building occupants’ behaviour
e) Location and associated weather conditions
f) A culture of energy saving awareness
Significant savings in energy can be made by designing buildings to be energy
efficient and by installing energy efficient lighting, air conditioning systems and
services. An equally important factor in the use of energy in a building is the
occupants’ use of facilities.
Common to each of the audited facilities include:
6.1 LIGHTING
The details of the recommendations for changes to lighting can be found
under the section considering energy saving initiatives for each site.
In general, it is recommended that new technology light fittings be used to
replace existing inefficient ones as they:
 provide a longer lamp life
 provide an equal light output as older style lighting
 consume less electrical energy
The operation of all exterior lighting could not be tested. The operation of
timers and photoelectric cells should be checked for effective operation after
hours, where applicable, as part of a maintenance program.
The savings made in the tables provided are INDICATIVE ONLY, and are
based on the supply and installation of multiple solutions at each site. It is
more cost effective to carry out as many tasks as possible at the same time,
and as part of a maintenance/replacement program at each site.
Any costs provided, do not include earthing new light fittings (where
recommended) to comply AS/NZS 3000:2000 Electrical Installations (Wiring
Rules). Costs may also not include any replacement of various hardware
changes to accommodate upgraded lighting tubes etc.
6.2 AIR CONDITIONING
Occasionally, air conditioners are left running when not required.
Where appropriate a timer controller could be either utilised or installed to turn
off individual air conditioning units after a predetermined time. The cost of
installing timer controllers to air conditioners is estimated to be in the order of
$350 per unit.
In most cases, the Auditor found that air conditioners at the inspected sites
were being used only as required.

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It is preferable that air conditioning condensers are not exposed to direct
sunlight, where the air temperature is higher than the ambient temperature
measured in the shade.
Reverse cycle air conditioners are generally located on top of the roof. The
units are exposed to direct sunlight, and run less efficiently (AS/NZS
3823.2:2011 Section 3 Performance Criteria) than if they were shaded.
The higher temperature increases enthalpy of air used for cooling the
systems and decreases their efficiency. Shading of the systems will increase
their efficiency by 5% to 15%. Click here for hints and tips.
6.3 HOT WATER SERVICES (HWS)
In general, most hot water services run continuously, or are not switched off.
This practice will waste energy and can be easily resolved by turning them off
at appropriate times, or by installing timers to turn off the units at
predetermined times.
There are a number of options available to reduce energy usage in the
production of hot water.
Some of these include:
 Manually turning off electric hot water services when not required
 Installing timer controllers on electric hot water service units
 Replace a hot water service with a more energy efficient type
Timers will switch off these units when not required (ie at night and during
weekends etc). The estimated cost to supply and install a suitable controller
to an electric hot water service is approximately $1000. Users will rapidly
recoup the costs to provide and program the controllers through energy
savings.
Each hot water service has a thermostat that sets the specific temperature to
which the unit heats water. The thermostat is a switch controlling the energy
input to the hot water service whereby the switch supplies power to the unit
when the temperature of the water is below the specific temperature of the
thermostat and disconnects the power when above. The duty cycle of the hot
water service relates to this switching and is high when the demand for hot
water is high and low when no hot water is in use.
Turning off hot water services will not only save energy, it will also extend the
service life of the units. When electric HWS storage type units reach the end
of their service life, it is recommended that they be replaced with
instantaneous gas or solar heaters.
Instantaneous gas hot water systems use less energy and produce less CO2
than electrical powered ones. For example, 1kWh electrical energy produces
0.91kg of CO2 and 1kWh of LPG produces 0.225kg CO2.
New electric heat pump storage hot water services are very efficient and solar
hot water services use the sun to heat water, however they generally require
either a gas or electric backup system to keep the water temperature at its
selected operating range. Similarly, evacuated-tube solar hot water systems

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have become cost effective to purchase, often more so than conventional
solar systems, however they also require either a gas or electric backup
system to keep the water temperature at its selected operating range.
6.4 THERMAL ROOF PAINT, CEILING INSULATION, DOUBLE GLAZING AND
THERMAL WINDOW FILM
The recommended minimum insulation rating for the Berri Barmera region is:
Roof: R = 3
Walls: R =1.5
Most of the insulation in the Council buildings falls below these ratings.
Poor ceiling and roof insulation allows heat penetration during summer and
the loss of accumulated heat from the buildings during winter. The cost of 1m²
of ceiling insulation is estimated to be $30.00.
Heat reflective paint used on roofs (one example, - not sold by EnvironArc -
http://www.thermoshield.com.au/thermoshield_benifits.html) prevents infrared
transmission to the buildings. The cost of painting 1m² of roof is estimated to
be $30.00.
Glazing is an important factor in buildings. The WERS rating system
http://www.wers.net calculates the R value of various glazing configurations.
Aluminium window frames are less efficient than timber and double-glazing
will generally not stop UV from passing through it unless solar tinting film is
also applied. Double-glazing is effective in retaining heat. Positioning and
shading windows is invaluable for energy efficiency. Inefficient glazing is an
important factor in energy wastage and is therefore a high priority for
consideration when designing or retrofitting facilities. Double-glazing generally
starts at $700 per 1m².
Using insulated and reflective solar film on windows (One example - not sold
by EnvironArc - http://www.enerlogicwindowfilms.com.au) increases their
thermal resistance and reflects infrared radiation, reducing the cooling and
heating requirements of protected buildings. The cost of installing 1m² of
insulation film on windows is estimated to be $120.00.
6.5 SOLAR POWER GENERATION
Solar panels installed on a roof can be used to create shade, which
decreases IR heat penetration into the building. It may be discovered that
strategically positioning solar panels to cause shade on a roof, may negate
the need for thermal roof painting or additional ceiling insulation.
The related calculations, technology, procurement incentives, varying tariff
rates and systems available are complex and beyond the scope of a Level 1
Audit; suffice to say that solar panels used for power generation, have proven
themselves as an effective way to reduce electricity costs. The rapidly
reducing cost in such systems is assisting to reduce the payback period,
which was, until recently, a great deterrent against investing in them.

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6.6 A CULTURE OF ENERGY SAVING AWARENESS
One of the greatest impacts on energy use is relative to the awareness and/or
culture of the user. Council has no energy management policy or program.
Please refer to the appendix in this report.
Recommendation
That Council develops an energy management policy and program (refer AS
3598:2000 Section 6).
That Council conducts a range of Energy Saving education workshops for
staff and public awareness. The cost should be in the order of $4000.00

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7 AUDIT FINDINGS – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
7.1 SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL SAVINGS, ALL SITES
a) The table below shows the potential savings for each site.
Site Electricity Rating CO2 Electricity Electricity CO2 CO2 Saved Cost Payback
used produced saved saved saved saved
kWh $/kWh tonnes kWh % tonnes % $ $ Years
Barmera Bowling Club 27,149 0.2569 24.71 16,674 61.42 15.17 61.42 4,416 34,145 7.73
Barmera United Soccer Club 25,000 0.2833 22.75 7,204 28.82 6.56 28.82 2,583 33,333 12.90
Bonney Theatre and Memorial Hall 6,186 0.3698 5.63 2,812 45.45 2.56 45.45 766.53 12,855 16.77
Barmera Library 37,607 0.2833 34.22 16,135 42.90 14.68 42.90 4,566 15,909 3.48
Barmera Recreation Centre 7,878 0.2972 7.17 6,055 76.86 5.51 76.86 1,799 23,830 13.24
Hayden Stoekel Swimming Pool 24,160 0.2833 21.99 1,213 5.02 1.10 5.02 370 1,080 2.92
Glassey Recreation Park 21,360 0.2302 19.44 14,318 67.03 13.03 67.03 3,010 3,940 1.31
Berri Visitor and Information
Centre
34,313 0.2833 31.22 24,542 71.52 22.33 71.52 4,862 24,375 5.01
The Berri Works Depot 66,907 0.2792 60.89 24,741 36.98 22.51 36.98 6,855 12,198 1.78
Berri Barmera Council Chambers 113,563 0.2847 103.34 39,974 35.20 36.38 35.20 11,379 30,954 2.72
Berri Town Hall 54,316 0.2758 49.43 4,636 8.53 4.22 8.53 1,279 14,102 11.03
Total 418,439 NA 380.78 158,303 37.83 144.06 37.83 41,886 206,720 4.94

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b) The potential savings after installing solar panels are shown below:
Site Electricity Electricity CO2 Saved Cost Payback
saved saved saved
kWh % tonnes $ $ Years
Barmera Library 15,208 56.02 13.84 5,454 28,150 5.16
Barmera United Soccer Club 15,208 60.83 13.84 5,454 28,150 5.16
Barmera Library 15,208 40.44 13.84 4,309 28,150 6.53
Glassey Recreation Park 15,208 71.20 13.84 4,951 28,150 5.69
Berri Visitor and Information
Centre
15,208 44.32 13.84 4,172 28,150 6.75
The Berri Works Depot 30,417 45.46 27.68 8,493 56,300 6.63
Berri Barmera Council
Chambers
45,625 40.18 41.52 12,988 84,450 6.50
Total 152,083 36.35 138 45,821 281,501 6.14

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7.2 BARMERA BOWLING CLUB
7.2.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY
 The Barmera Bowling Club is located at Lot 473 Nookamka Terrace,
Barmera. There is one building and two bowling rinks.
 The building is used as the clubhouse for the Bowling Club, approximately
30 hours per week.
 The floor area is in the order of 580 sq/m.
 The building was built in approximately 1940 and is constructed of double
brick with a sheet metal roof. At the time of the site inspection, the Auditor
was unable to determine existing roof and ceiling insulation. The total
insulation is estimated to be R = 1.
 The building has single glass windows with an insulation rating estimated
to be R = 0.167.
 An analogue meter measures peak and off peak electrical energy, but
there was no access to the meter.
 LPG is also used at the site, but there was no information for gas
consumption.
7.2.2 ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROFILE
At the time of the site inspection, the building was open and staff members
were present. There appeared to be full activity within the building, with all
lights, air conditioning systems and some kitchen machines operating.
An analogue meter measures peak and off peak energy. The data provided
shows extensive consumption of off peak energy, which could have been
used for external lighting.

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The following data was provided:
 from September 2010 to December 2011 – 365 days
 from December 2011 to December 2012 – 315 days (The data has been
recalculated to show 365 days in 2011/2012)
Date Days Peak Rate
Off
peak
Rate
kWh kWh
2011 - 2012 365 11,856 0.3586 15,293 0.1780
Electricity Rating CO2
kWh $/kWh tonnes
27,149 0.2569 24.71
7.2.3 ENERGY CONSUMING EQUIPMENT
 3 x evaporative air conditioning systems. Total electrical power is
estimated to be 1.2 kW.
 62 x 36W fluorescent tubes
 1 x 60W incandescent light
 3 x 200W halogen spotlights
 4 x 50W ceiling fans
 32 x (estimated power) 250W external High Bay lights
43.67%
56.33%
Peak Off peak

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 1 x (estimated power) 4 kW water pump
 1 x laptop computer and 2 x printers
 Kitchen equipment including: kettles, fridges, microwaves etc.
 2 x electric hot water services (HWS), each 1.8 kW
 2 x chillers and cooling room.
NOTE: There is no data for the chillers and cooling room, and calculations for
refrigeration systems are beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
7.2.4 REFRIGERATION
The refrigeration system operates 24 hours per day and appears to be a
major energy consumer, but no related data was available. Detailed
consideration of the system is beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
7.2.5 LIGHTING
Measured lighting levels comply with Australian Standard AS NZS 1680.
Recommendations
It is recommended that the lighting be upgraded as detailed in the following
table/s. Please refer to the general notes in Section 6 of this report.
Once upgrading has been completed, the related savings and paybacks are
potentially as follows:
Internal fluorescent tubes 36W replaced by 18W LEDs. The cost of
individual 18W LED fluorescent tubes is approximately $15.
Electricity Electricity CO2 Saved Cost Payback
saved saved saved
3,257 12.00 2.96 1,168 930 0.80
Bowling green floodlights 250W replaced by 100W LEDs. The cost of
individual 100W LED lights is approximately $175.
saved saved saved
4,800 17.68 4.37 855 1,920 2.25
External spotlights 200W replaced by 80W LEDs. The cost of individual
80W LED spotlights is approximately $80.
saved saved saved
360 2.35 0.33 64 195 3.04

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NOTE: Indicative costs in the tables were calculated as the difference
between existing and LED lighting.
7.2.6 HOT WATER SERVICES
Two electric hot water systems are installed in this building, as well as two
dishwashers. It appears that the HWS is on continuously.
Recommendations
Control switches be fitted to the existing hot water systems, which will
efficiently manage the usage. The estimated cost of the required switches is
approximately $1,000 each. Please refer to the general notes in Section 6 in
this report.
saved saved saved
2,592 9.55 2.36 666 2,000 3.00
Alternate Option 1: LPG hot water services
Electric hot water services have a high thermal inertia and cannot instantly
supply hot water when it is required, i.e. they can take a long time to cool
down or heat up, leading to wasted energy which costs money and generates
CO2.
An LPG instant HWS will supply hot water immediately and continuously.
If the electric HWS is replaced with an instantaneous gas system, the energy
savings are estimated to be as follows:
saved saved saved
3,154 11.62 2.74 746 2,500 3.35
NOTE: if the Council decides to install solar panels, the installation of an LPG
HWS is not necessary.
Alternate Option 2: Solar water heater, solar water heat pump
If solar panels for the generation of power is not considered, the installation of
a solar water heater may be another option. With cost of the equipment
estimated to be $8,000 (some rebates may be available) the energy savings
and payback are potentially as follows:
saved saved saved
3,154 11.62 2.87 810 8,000 9.87

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7.2.7 THERMAL INSULATING PAINT
If 50% of the Bowling Club roof is painted, the estimated savings are
saved saved saved
1,429 5.26 1.30 512 7,980 15.57
Recommendations
Paint part of the roof with thermal insulation paint. The notional cost of this is
$7,980.
7.2.8 CEILING INSULATION
The ceiling insulation rating is estimated to be R = 1. Please refer Section 6. If
the additional insulation is installed the estimated savings are potentially as
follows:
saved saved saved
3,617 13.32 3.29 929 15,960 17.18
Recommendation
It is recommended that consideration be given to installing additional ceiling
insulation rated at a minimum of R = 4.
7.2.9 WINDOWS
The 3 mm glass windows have an estimated thermal rating of R = 0.1667.
Please see general notes in Section 6. Insulating solar film installed on the
window increases the rating to R = 0.34.
If the film is installed as recommended, the savings in electrical energy are
estimated as follows:
saved saved saved
619 2.28 0.56 222 5,160 23.24
Recommendation
That the solar film as stated above be installed.

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7.2.10 WALL INSULATION
The walls are double brick with an estimated rating of R = 0.26. Assessment,
calculation and recommendations for additional wall insulation are beyond the
scope of a Level 1 Audit.
7.2.11 SOLAR POWER GENERATION
Please refer Section 6 of this report. The roof area of the building is sufficient
to install a 10 kW solar panel system. Calculations based on average solar
panel price show the following savings:
saved saved saved
15,208 128.27 13.84 5,454 28,150 5.16
Solar panels installed on the roof will also create shade on the roof that will
decrease heat penetration into the building.
Recommendation
That the installation of solar panels be considered.
7.2.12 ELECTRICITY TARIFFS
Recommended Options
It is recommended that a smart meter be installed, which will give information
about energy consumption at 15-minute intervals.
Another option is to install a data logger, which gives the customer online
information about energy consumption. By having the information, Council
can potentially control the consumption of electricity.
That Council aggressively negotiate for lower tariffs with energy retailers and
be aware of the benefits of using power “off peak” which will potentially
reduce electricity bills.

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7.2.13 SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL SAVINGS
After implementing the suggested recommendations, the following potential
savings may be achieved:
Item Electricity Electricity CO2 Saved Cost Payback
saved saved saved
Fluorescent 3,257 12.00 2.96 1,168 930 0.80
External
lighting
4,800 17.68 4.37 855 1,920 2.25
HWS 2,592 9.55 2.36 666 2,000 3.00
Painting 1,429 5.26 1.30 512 7,980 15.57
Ceiling
insulation
3,617 13.32 3.29 929 15,960 17.18
Window film 619 2.28 0.56 222 5,160 23.24
Spotlights 360 2.35 0.33 64 195 3.04
Total 16,674 61.42 15.17 4,416 34,145 7.73
Solar
panels
15,208 56.02 13.84 5,454 28,150 5.16
Subtotal 31,882 117.43 29.01 9,870 62,295 6.31
After including an 8% increase in the cost of electricity, the final payback, with solar
panels, is approximately 4.8 years.

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7.3 BARMERA UNITED SOCCER CLUB
 The Barmera United Soccer Club is located on Lot 302, Sims Street,
Barmera, and consists of a building, a changing shed, a veranda and two
storage sheds.
 The building is used at weekends during the soccer season, and the
estimated time of use by the Soccer Club is 330 hours per year.
 The floor area is 300 sq/m.
 The building was built in 1988 with double brick walls and a sheet metal
roof. At the time of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to establish
roof and ceiling thermal insulation, however the insulation was estimated
to be R = 1.
to be R = 0.166.
 An analogue meter measures consumed energy. There was no access to
the meter.
At the time of the site inspection, the building was not being used and one
staff member was present.
No formal data for electrical consumption was provided. However, for the
purposes of this Audit, the following consumption data was estimated:
kWh $/kWh tonnes
25,000 0.2833 22.75

21
The following energy consuming equipment is installed in the main building
and changing shed:
 6 x evaporative air conditioning systems. Electrical power is estimated at
2.4 kW.
 6 x 60W incandescent lights
 4 x 200W halogen spotlights
 5 x 50W ceiling fans.
 Kitchen equipment including kettles, fridges, microwaves etc.
 1 x water pump, estimated 2 kW
 1 x electric hot water system (HWS) estimated at 3.6 kW
 1 x LPG gas heater. No data for gas consumption was provided.
7.3.4 LIGHTING
The measured lighting levels comply with Australian Standard AS NZS 1680.
Recommendations
table/s. Please see the general notes in Section 6 of this report. Once
upgrading has been completed, the related savings and paybacks are
Internal fluorescent tubes 36W replaced by 18W LEDs. The cost of 18W
LED fluorescent tubes is approximately $15.
saved saved saved
505 2.02 0.46 181 705 3.89
External lights - replace 200W external spotlights with 80W LEDs.
The cost of each 80W LED flood light is approximately $80.
saved saved saved
400 1.60 0.36 143 260 1.81

22
All incandescent globes should be replaced with 10W LED globes.
The cost of 10W LED globes is approximately $7.
One electric hot water system is installed and it appears to be running
continuously. It is estimated that this HWS only needs to operate for
approximately 200 hours per year. Please refer general notes in Section 6 of
this report.
Recommendations
A control switch be fitted to the existing hot water system, which will efficiently
manage the usage. The estimated cost of the required switch is
approximately $ 1,000.
saved saved saved
3,082 12.33 2.80 1,105 1,000 0.90
Alternate Option 1: LPG hot water systems
Electric hot water services have a high thermal inertia and cannot instantly
supply hot water when it is required, i.e. they can take a long time to cool
down or heat up, leading to wasted energy which costs money and generates
CO2.
An LPG instant HWS will supply hot water immediately and continuously. If
the electric HWS is replaced with an instantaneous gas systems, the energy
savings are estimated to be as follows:
saved saved saved
3,154 12.61 2.85 1,123 2,500 2.23
NOTE: If the Council decides to install solar panels, the installation of an LPG
Alternate Option 2: Solar hot water service, solar heat pump
If solar panels for the generation of powerare not considered, the installation
of a solar water heater may be another option. With cost of the equipment
estimated to be $8,000 (some rebates may be available) the energy savings
and payback are potentially as follows:

23
saved saved saved
3,154 12.61 2.87 1,131 8,000 7.07
Recommendations
That the north facing roof of the building and shed be painted with thermal
insulating paint. Please refer general notes in Section 6 of this report. The
cost should be approx $9000.00. Energy savings are estimated as follows:
saved saved saved
645 2.58 0.59 231 9,000 38.94
Recommendations
Upgrade the ceiling insulation to R = 4 for a cost of $12,000.00. The following
indicative estimated savings may be made are:
saved saved saved
1,329 5.32 1.21 477 12,000 25.18
7.3.8 WINDOWS
Please see general notes in Section 6 in this report. Thermal solar film
installed on the southern and northern windows will increase the rating to R =
0.34, and also block 75% of IR radiation.
The related payback may be considered unpalatable, but once the additional
film is installed, it will reduce IR radiation, leading to the reduced need for air
conditioning in both summer and winter. The calculations for this are beyond
the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
Recommendations
That solar insulating film as stated above is installed.
saved saved saved
622 2.49 0.57 223 5,184 23.24

24
The walls are double brick with an estimated rating of R = 0.26. Assessment,
calculations and recommendations for additional wall insulation are beyond
the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
Please refer Section 6 of this report. The roof area of the building is a is
sufficient to install a 10 kW solar system. Calculations based on average solar
panel price show the following savings:
saved saved saved
15,208 60.83 13.84 5,454 28,150 5.16
Recommendations
Recommended Options

25
After implementing the recommendations, the Council may potentially
achieve the following savings:
saved saved saved
Fluorescent 505 2.02 0.46 181 705 3.89
HWS 3,082 12.33 2.80 1,105 1,000 0.90
Windows film 622 2.49 0.57 223 5,184 23.24
Painting 645 2.58 0.59 231 9,000 38.94
Ceiling insulation 1,329 5.32 1.21 477 12,000 25.18
Windows film 622 2.49 0.57 223 5,184 23.24
Spotlights 400 1.60 0.36 143 260 1.81
Total 7,204 28.82 6.56 2,583 33,333 12.90
Solar panels 15,208 60.83 13.84 5,454 28,150 5.16
Subtotal 22,413 89.65 20.40 8,037 61,483 7.65
Including a potential 8% increase in electricity prices, the final payback period
for all recommendations, with solar panels, is estimated to be 5.9 years.

26
7.4 BONNEY THEATRE
 The Bonney Theatre and Memorial Hall is located at 4 Barwell Avenue,
Barmera, which was recently renovated.
 It was built in 1938, with brick walls and a sheet metal roof.
 The building area is 630 sq/m
 The single glass windows have an insulation rating estimated to be R =
0.34 and R = 0.166, plus roof insulation with an estimated rating of R = 1.
Ceiling insulation is unknown.
 No air conditioning is installed.
 There was no information available for the operating hours of the building,
but it is estimated to be approximately 600 hours per year.
At the time of the site inspection, the building was not being used and no staff
member was present.
An analogue meter provided information about energy use, as follows:
kWh $/kWh tonnes
6,186 0.3698 5.62926

27
Date Energy Rate
kWh $/kWh
Dec-11 742 0.2965
Jan-12 716 0.2985
Feb-12 20 2.2120
Mar-12 745 0.2957
Apr-12 694 0.2977
May-12 -102 -0.1722
Jun-12 422 0.3357
Jul-12 505 0.3217
Aug-12 1423 0.3096
Sep-12 571 0.3701
Oct-12 586 0.3711
Nov-12 -389 -0.2331
Total 5,933 0.3856
It is assumed that lights are switched on throughout the building only when it
is occupied. Groups of lights are usually connected together and are
controlled by one switch. There are sensor lights in the toilets and the storage
area.
 103 x 36W fluorescent tube
 2 x LED lights,
 32 x 14W and four x 20W fluorescent compact lights
 20 x 150W (or more) incandescent lights used for productions.
 4 x 60W incandescent lights,
 28 x electrical heaters, each with an estimated power of 2 kW
 1 x electric hot water service, with an estimated power of 2 kW
 one computer and one printer
 kitchen equipment including : kettles, fridges, etc.
7.4.4 LIGHTING
NOTE: There was no access to the lighting in the balcony or the auditorium.

28
Recommendations
table/s. Please see general comments in Section 6. This includes the
replacement of existing light fittings with LED lights and the installation of
timing, movement and twilight switches in the building where required e.g.
parts of the foyer and bio box.
It is estimated that a saving of up to 5% of the energy used could be possible
through the changes that are proposed.
On the basis that upgrading related savings and paybacks may be as follows:
Internal fluorescent tubes, 36W be replaced with 18W LED lights. The cost
of an LED fluorescent tube is approximately $15.
saved saved saved
305 4.92 0.28 83 1,545 18.61
Note: There is no recommendation related to production lights. These are a
specialist item and outside the scope of a Level 1 Energy Audit.
7.4.5 ROOF AND CEILING INSULATION
The building has a sheet metal roof with insulation rated at R = 1. There is no
information related to ceiling insulation. Any insulation in-situ would be
affected by the poor condition of the ceiling in parts of the hall.
Recommendation
If the ceiling and roof insulation was not upgraded during the last renovation,
it is recommended that consideration be given to installing additional ceiling
insulation to a rating of minimum R = 4.

29
If the additional insulation is installed, predicted savings may be as follows:
saved saved saved
2,507 40.53 2.28 683 11,310 16.55
The savings relate to the energy consumption of heaters only, as the
insulation will reduce the need for additional heating.
7.4.6 WINDOWS
The building has 6 mm glass windows with an estimated thermal rating of R =
0.34. Please refer to the general notes in Section 6 of this report.
Recommendation
Install thermal insulation film on the southern side windows to increase the
rating to R = 0.65. The film also claims to block 75% of IR radiation.
Recommended Options

30
After implementation of the listed recommendations below, the Council could
potentially achieve the following savings:
saved saved saved
Fluorescent lights 305 4.92 0.28 83 1,545 18.61
Total 2,812 45.45 2.56 766.53 12,855 16.77
After including an estimated 8% increase in electricity prices, the final
payback is potentially 8 years.

31
7.5 BARMERA LIBRARY
7.5.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION
 The Barmera Library is located at 4 Barwell Avenue, Barmera.
 It was built in 1961, with brick walls and a sheet metal roof.
 The floor area is approx 420 sq/m.
to be R = 0.34.
 The roof insulation has an estimated rating of R = 1 to 2, and the ceiling
insulation is estimated to be R = 1.
 The building is used 39 hours per week, excluding Sundays.
At the time of the inspection, the office was open and a staff member was
present.
An analogue meter is used to measure energy consumption.
It was found during the inspection that all lights, AC systems and IT systems
were switched on.
At the time of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to determine that IT
systems can be switched off automatically during weekends and after hours.
The following data was provided:
kWh $/kWh tonnes
37,607 0.2833 34.22

32
 1 x evaporative ducted air conditioning system, estimated to be 0.5kW
 4 x division cycle air conditioning systems, estimated to be 3.5 kW
 1 x electric hot water system (HWS) 3.6 kW,
 96 x 36W fluorescent tube lighting
 4 x LED lights
 17 x 50W halogen lights
 2 x 200W spotlights
 13 x desktop computers and laptops, 13 screens, 2 printers and 1 server.
 kitchen equipment including : kettles, fridges, microwaves etc.
7.5.4 LIGHTING
Please refer to the general notes in Section 6 of this report.
It is estimated that a saving of up to 20% of the energy used could be
possible through the changes that are proposed.
Date Energy Rate
kWh $/kWh
Dec-11 2971 0.2434
Jan-12 3038 0.2600
Feb-12 4155 0.2606
Mar-12 3183 0.2601
Apr-12 3069 0.2600
May-12 2933 0.2601
Jun-12 2964 0.2601
Jul-12 3092 0.2600
Aug-12 4379 0.2793
Sep-12 3330 0.3186
Oct-12 3360 0.3185
Nov-12 1133 0.3151
Total 37,607 0.2817

33
Recommendations
It is recommended that the lighting be upgraded to the following tables:
Internal fluorescent tubes 36W replaced by 18W LEDs. The cost of an LED
fluorescent tube is approximately $15.
saved saved saved
6,824 18.14 6.21 1,933 1,440 0.74
Spotlights 200W replaced by 100W LEDs. The cost of a 100W LED globe is
approximately $80.
saved saved saved
479 1.27 0.44 131 120 0.92
Halogen globes replaced with 10W LED globes. The cost of these globes is
approximately $7.
saved saved saved
1,696 4.51 1.54 480 119 0.25
7.5.5 HOT WATER
The building has one electric hot water system and from the data provided, it
appears that it is never switched off.

34
If the hot water service is turned off when there is no activity in the building
and turned back a suitable time prior to starting the activity (e.g. before the
Library is opened each day), it is estimated that the system only needs to be
switched on for approximately 1,995 hours per year. Please refer the general
notes in section 6 of this report.
Recommendation
A control switch is fitted to the existing hot water service. The cost of the
switch required is estimated to be $1,000.
The savings in electrical energy are estimated as follows:
saved saved saved
2,435 6.48 2.22 690 1,000 1.45
It is also recommended that thermal insulation be provided for hot water
pipes, thereby saving additional energy.
7.5.6 THERMAL INSULATING ROOF PAINT
Please refer the general notes in section 6 of this report. The potential
savings by painting the roof with reflective paint are outlined in the following
table.
Recommendation
Paint the roof with thermal insulating paint.
saved saved saved
1,805 4.80 1.64 511 4,410 8.63

35
The metal shed roof has an insulation rating of R = 1, and no information
about ceiling insulation was available.
Recommendation
It is recommended that ceiling insulation with rating minimum R = 4 be
installed.
If the additional insulation is installed, the potential savings are estimated as
follows:
saved saved saved
1,999 5.31 1.82 566 8,820 15.58
7.5.8 WINDOWS
The building has 6 mm glass windows with an estimated thermal rating of R =
0.34.
Insulating film installed on the windows on the southern side of the building
will increase the rating to R = 0.65. The film also claims to block 75% of IR
radiation.
Further detailed calculations are beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
The walls are a combination of double brick and brick veneer with an
estimated rating of R = 0.26. Assessment, calculation and recommendation
for additional wall insulation is beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
7.5.10 COMPUTERS AND OTHER IT EQUIPMENT
There are a number of desktop computers and laptops, screens and printers
in the building. At the time of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to
determine that the equipment is automatically switched off after hours and
during weekends.
The equipment consumes approximately 3,591 kWh per year. Energy savings
can be made subject to their need to be switched on, for example: if 25% of
the equipment is switched off after hours and during weekends, when the
building is not being used, the energy consumption could be reduced to 898
kWh.
The equipment could be switched to shutdown mode ie:
 Enable “Wake On” using LAN or other network workgroup to workstations
 Issue a shutdown command to all workstations at appropriate times when
computers can be turned off.

36
There are also four computers connected to the Internet for public use. If not
already done so, it is suggested that software be enabled to allow the
computers to go into hibernation mode after 10 minutes of idle time.
There is no associated cost, and predicted savings and payback are
saved saved saved
898 2.39 0.82 254 0 0.00
Recommendation
That this matter be investigated to minimise usage and energy wastage.
Please refer to general notes in Section 6 in this report.
The roof area of the building is suitable for a 10 kW solar panel system, with
the following savings:
saved saved saved
15,208 40.44 13.84 4,309 28,150 6.53
Recommendation
Recommended Options

37
After implementing the recommendations in the table below, the following
savings may potentially be made:
saved saved saved
Fluorescent 6,824 18.14 6.21 1,933 1,440 0.74
Spotlights 479 1.27 0.44 131 120 0.92
HWS 2,435 6.48 2.22 690 1,000 1.45
Painting 1,805 4.80 1.64 511 4,410 8.63
Computers 898 2.39 0.82 254 0 0.00
Halogen 1,696 4.51 1.54 480 119 0.25
Total 16,135 42.90 14.68 4,566 15,909 3.48
Solar panels 15,208 40.44 13.84 4,309 28,150 6.53
Subtotal 31,343 83.34 29 8,875 44,059 4.96
Including an 8% increase in electricity prices, the final payback period could
potentially be approximately 3.7 years.

38
7.6 BARMERA RECREATION CENTRE
 The Barmera Recreation Centre is located at 1 James Street, Barmera,
and was built in 1970.
 The main building is constructed of double brick with an insulation rating
estimated at R = 0.26, a metal roof rated at R = 1 and single glass
windows rated at R = 0.34 to R = 0.116.
 The ceiling has ceiling tiles with an estimated insulation rating of R = 1.
 The metal sports shed has no insulation in the walls.
 The gym has an office, circuit room and squash court with additional
walls. The wall insulation rating is estimated to be R = 0.5.
 The aerobic room has a metal roof, (estimated rating R = 1) and an
additional wall on the western side with insulation estimated at R = 0.5.
 The floor area is 1730 sq/m.

39
At the time of the site inspection, the Centre was closed; however, one staff
member was present. Over the 6 month period of data provided, the Centre
was used for approximately 325 hours.
An analogue meter provided data about energy use for the period July 2012
to November 2012 as follows:
kWh $/kWh tonnes
7,878 0.297156639 7.16898
Date Energy Rate
kWh $/kWh
Dec-11 0 0.0000
Jan-12 0 0.0000
Feb-12 0 0.0000
Mar-12 0 0.0000
Apr-12 0 0.0000
May-12 0 0.0000
Jun-12 0 0.0000
Jul-12 1966 0.0478
Aug-12 3325 0.0809
Sep-12 -2743 -0.0667
Oct-12 2647 0.0643
Nov-12 2683 0.0651
Total 7,878 0.2972
 6 x evaporative air conditioning systems with total estimated electrical
power 2.7 kW, located on the roof.
 3 x division cycle air conditioning systems with total estimated power 9
kW.
 10 x14W fluorescent compact lights.
 1 x incandescent 40W light in the sauna.
 17 x High Bay lights, 250 – 300 Watts
 2 x ceiling fans

40
 1 x TV set
 An electric hot water system with electrical power of 3.6 kW (10 kW
capacity)
 kitchen equipment including: kettles, fridges, microwaves etc. with total
power estimated to 2.5 kW
7.6.4 LIGHTING
Recommendations
table/s. Please see general notes in Section 6 of this report. Once upgrading
has been completed, the related savings and paybacks are potentially as
follows:
Replace 36W fluorescent tubes with 18W LEDs. The cost of an 18W LED
saved saved saved
1,358 17.24 1.24 404 2,010 4.98
Replace 250W High Bay Mercury with 100W LEDs. The cost of a 100W HB
LED light is approximately $175.
saved saved saved
829 10.53 0.75 246 1,020 4.14
All incandescent lights should be replaced with 10W LED globes. The cost of
each globe is approximately $7.
An electric hot water system (HWS) using 3.6 kW electrical power is installed.
A timer to control the HWS usage when there is no activity should attract the
following savings:
saved saved saved
1,518 19.27 1.38 451 1,000 2.22
The cost of a timer switch is estimated to be $1,000.

41
Please refer section 6 of this report. It is suggested that if the roof of the
Recreation Centre is painted, the savings in electrical energy are estimated
as follows:
saved saved saved
491 6.23 0.45 146 6,000 41.12
7.6.7 CEILING AND ROOF INSULATION
The building has sheet metal roof with an insulation rating of R = 1. At the
time of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to view ceiling insulation.
NOTE: The roof insulation is damaged and needs to be repaired or replaced.
Installing insulation to 66% of the roof area, could attract the following
potential savings as follows:
saved saved saved
1,606 20.39 1.46 477 12,000 25.14
7.6.8 WINDOWS
The 6mm glass windows have an estimated thermal rating of R = 0.34, and
the 3 to 4mm glass windows an estimated rating of R = 0.166.

42
Insulation film installed on the 3 mm windows of the western side of the
aerobic room will increase the rating to R = 0.34. The film also claims to block
75% of IR radiation, which will assist to lower the temperature in the room.
The curtains installed in the aerobic room absorb IR sunlight and radiate it as
heat into the room. During the inspection, the measured temperature on the
curtains was 46ºC.
It is suggested that the curtain fabric be changed to one with a reflective
surface.
Detailed calculations for IR radiation and related heating of the room are
beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
The table below shows the estimated savings after installing window film.
saved saved saved
252 3.20 0.23 75 1,800 24.04
The walls are double brick with an estimated rating of R = 0.26.
It is recommended that wall insulation of R = 2 (minimum) is installed on the:
 Stadium,
 Gym Office
 Circuit room
 Squash Court 2
 Squash Court 1
 Aerobic room
Assessment, calculations and recommendations for additional wall insulation
is beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
7.6.10 EVAPORATIVE AIR CONDITIONERS

43
The evaporative air conditioners have reached the end of their serviceable
life.
It is recommended that the system be replaced, with the potential cost of a
new unit is estimated to be $1,500 excluding installation. There is no
significant saving of electricity but air quality should be significantly improved.
Recommended Options
reduce electricity bills, particularly as the Centre is used during off peak times.
After implementing the listed recommendations, the following savings may
potentially be made:
saved saved saved
Fluorescent 1,358 17.24 1.24 404 2,010 4.98
HB lighting 829 10.53 0.75 246 1,020 4.14
HWS 1,518 19.27 1.38 451 1,000 2.22
Painting 491 6.23 0.45 146 6,000 41.12
Windows film 252 3.20 0.23 75 1,800 24.04
Total 6,055 76.86 5.51 1,799 23,830 13.24
Allowing for an 8% increase in electricity prices, the final payback is
potentially 8.8 years.
NOTE: Paybacks were calculated upon provided energy consumption for 5
months during one year. If the building is used more extensively, related
paybacks are less.

44
7.7 HAYDEN STOEKEL SWIMING POOL
The Hayden Stoekel Swimming Pool is located on Coombe St, Berri. The
pool was built in 1957, and the buildings in approximately 1993.
The facility consists of:
 kiosk with canteen,
 two toilets with showers,
 emergency room,
 chlorine filter shed,
 club rooms.
The building is used at various times for approximately 30 hours per week.
At the time of the site inspection, the site was open to the public and a staff
member was present.
The internal lighting was viewed however external lighting was switched off.
An analogue meter measures consumed energy. Data provided shows
consumed energy from July 2012 to November 2012.

45
Date Energy Rate
kWh $/kWh
Dec-11 0 0.0000
Jan-12 0 0.0000
Feb-12 0 0.0000
Mar-12 0 0.0000
Apr-12 0 0.0000
May-12 0 0.0000
Jun-12 0 0.0000
Jul-12 29 0.0007
Aug-12 239 0.0058
Sep-12 245 0.0060
Oct-12 7,632 0.1853
Nov-12 16,015 0.3886
Total 24,160 0.3894
kWh $/kWh tonnes
24,160 0.2833 21.99
 one evaporative ducted air conditioning system (cooling only) Electrical
power is estimated at 0.3 kW.
 10 x (estimated) 250W external High Bay and flood lighting
 1 laptop and 1 printer,
 one TV – power 200 watts
 kitchen equipment including: kettles, fridges, microwaves etc.

46
NOTE: A significant energy consumer is located in the chlorine
filter shed, where there are several electric motors. One of
them is an old 24 kW motor, which consumes more energy
and is less efficient than newer motors. These should be
further reviewed for efficiency and potential replacement.
An associated plant condition audit is outside the scope of an
AS 3598:2000 Level 1 Energy Audit.
7.7.4 LIGHTING
Recommendations
table/s. Please see general notes in Section 6. Once upgrading has been
completed, the related savings and paybacks are potentially as follows:
Replace 36W fluorescent tubes with 18W LEDs. The cost of an LED
saved saved saved
337 1.39 0.31 131 330 2.52
Replace 250W High Bay Mercury with 100W LEDs
The cost of a HB LED light is approximately $175.
saved saved saved
876 3.63 0.80 239 750 3.14
Recommended Options

47
After implementing the recommendations in this report, the following savings
may potentially be made:
saved saved saved
Fluorescent 337 1.39 0.31 131 330 2.52
HB lighting 876 3.63 0.80 239 750 3.14
Total 1,213 5.02 1.10 370 1,080 2.92
Including an 8% increase in electricity prices, the final payback is
approximately 2.2 years.

48
7.8 GLASSEY RECREATION PARK
 The Glassey Recreation Park is located at 25 Chilton Road, Berri.
 The building is used as a clubhouse for the Berri Hockey Club and the
Berri Softball club. It is used most weekends, approximately 25 hours per
week.
 The clubroom facility is 540 sq/m
 The building was constructed in approximately 1993, of brick veneer and
a sheet metal roof. There is no roof/ceiling thermal insulation. The single
glass windows have an insulation rating estimated to R = 0.166.
 Two analogue meters measure peak and off peak energy. The data
provided shows extensive consumption of off peak energy used for
external lighting.
The following data was provided - Meter No. 20011734036 1 – September
2011 to June 2012.
At the time of the site inspection, the building was closed and no staff
member was present.
During the inspection, hot water was available in the toilets and showers. It
appears that the HWS is permanently on and is a major energy consumer. No
access was available to the system, and its power was assessed from energy
bills.

49
External lighting is another main energy consumer, but no access was
available during the inspection. Power use was assessed from energy bills.
Based on the information provided, the energy consumption figures for the
office were calculated as follows:
Date Peak Rate Off
peak
Rate
kWh $/kWh kWh $/kWh
Sep-11
Jun-12 8,680 0.3256 12,680 0.1650
kWh $/kWh tonnes
21,360 0.2302 19.44
The division between peak and off peak energy.
 one evaporative ducted air conditioning system (cooling only), estimated
to be 1 kW.
 64 x 36W and 7 x 18W fluorescent tubes
 10 x 50W ceiling fans
 250W external High Bay and flood-lighting
 1 x TV of 200W
 4 x electric hot water heaters (HWS)
There was no access to the PLC light box for softball.
40.64%
59.36%
Peak Off peak

50
7.8.4 LIGHTING
Recommendations
table/s. Please see general notes in Section 6 of this report. Once replaced,
the related savings and paybacks are potentially as follows:
Replace 36W fluorescent tubes replaced by 18W LEDs The cost of an LED
saved saved saved
2,304 10.79 2.10 750 960 1.28
Replace 250W High Bay Mercury with 100W LEDs. The cost of a 100W HB
LED light is approximately $175.
saved saved saved
7,760 36.33 7.06 1,280 1,980 1.55
Apparently there are 4 electric hot water systems, secured in a locked room
with no access. It appears that they are switched on continuously.
By implementing a “switch off” program, it is estimated that they would only
need to be switched on for approximately 200 hours per year.
By implementing the recommendations, the potential individual savings in
electrical energy are estimated as follows:
saved saved saved
4,254 19.91 3.87 979 1,000 1.02
The cost of the required switches is estimated to be $1,000 each.
Alternate Option 1: LPG instantaneous gas HWS.
Once switched off, the electric HWS will still use 798 kWh of electrical energy.
This energy costs $184 per year and generates 0.73 tonnes CO2.

51
An LPG instantaneous HWS can supply hot water and will save energy as
follows:
saved saved saved
5,046 23.62 4.41 1,552 2,500 1.61
Note: If the Council decides to install solar panels, the installation of an LPG
Alternate Option 2: Solar water heater, solar water heat pump.
If the Council does not install solar panels, the installation of a solar water
heater is optional. With cost of the equipment estimated to $8,000 (some
rebates may be available) energy savings and payback may be as follows:
saved saved saved
5,046 23.62 4.59 1,643 8,000 4.87
As this system only works during the day, and because of its thermal inertia,
the system needs to be connected to an electric or LPG HWS for
supplementation of hot water.
The roof area of the building is sufficient to install approximately a 10 kW
solar system. Calculations based on an average solar panel price show the
following savings:
saved saved saved
15,208 71.20 13.84 4,951 28,150 5.69
Solar panels on the roof also create shade, which significantly decreases IR
heat penetration into the building.
Recommendation
That the installation of solar power generation panels be considered.
Recommended Options

52
After implementing the listed recommendations below, the following savings
may potentially be made:
saved saved saved
Fluorescent 2,304 10.79 2.10 750 960 1.28
HB lighting 7,760 36.33 7.06 1,280 1,980 1.55
HWS 4,254 19.91 3.87 979 1,000 1.02
Total 14,318 67.03 13.03 3,010 3,940 1.31
Solar panels 15,208 71.20 13.84 4,951 28,150 5.69
Subtotal 29,526 138.23 26.87 7,961 32,090 4.03
Including an 8% increase in electricity prices, the final payback is potentially
3.2 years.

53
7.9 BERRI VISITOR AND INFORMATION CENTRE
 The Berri Visitor and Information Centre is located on Riverview Drive,
Berri.
 It was built in 2001, and is a timber framed building with many single glass
windows rated at R = 0.34.
 The facility is approximately 280 sq/m
 The roof is of sheet metal with a sheet metal ceiling. At the time of the site
inspection, the Auditor was unable to view thermal insulation between the
sheets. Because the building heats excessively on a regular basis, and
becomes quite cold in the winter, it appears that there may be no
insulation.
 The building is used 7 days per week. Monday to Friday 9am to 5pm,
Saturday and Sunday 10am to 3pm.

54
45.45%
54.55%
Peak Off peak
At the time of the site inspection, the building was open and staff members
were present.
There was full activity within the building, with all lights, air conditioners and
other equipment turned on.
At the time of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to determine that IT
systems are switched off automatically after hours.
The building uses two analogue meters measuring peak and off peak energy.
Data provided suggests extensive consumption of off peak energy used for
external lighting.
The following data was provided for:
 Meter No. 20011734036 1 – from November 2011 to November 2012 (A)
 Meter No. 20011734037 8 – from November 2011 November 2012 (B)
building were calculated as follows:
Date Meter Peak Rate Off
peak
Rate
kWh kWh
Nov. 2011 - Nov. A 4,953 0.2808 5,991 0.1325
2012 B 10,641 0.2743 12,728 0.1322
kWh $/kWh tonnes
34,313 0.2833 31.22
Division between peak and off peak energy.

55
 1 x evaporative ducted air conditioning system (cooling only) Electrical
power is estimated at 0.5 kW.
 1 x division cycle air conditioning system with total estimated power 3 kW.
Electrical power is estimated at 0.86 kW.
 17 x 36W and 11 x 18W fluorescent tubes
 17 x 14W compact fluorescent lights
 15 x LED lights
 6 x 50W halogen lights
 External 250W (estimated) High Bay and flood lighting
 5 x desktop computers and laptops, 5 screens and 2 printers
 one TV – power 200 Watts
 LPG heater.
7.9.4 LIGHTING
Lights are permanently on throughout the building during business hours.
Groups of lights are usually connected together and are controlled by one
switch. There are no timing, movement or twilight switches in the building.
There is switching for individual rooms.

56
Recommendations
Replace 36W fluorescent tubes with 18W LEDs. The cost of 18W LED
fluorescent tubes is approximately $15.
saved saved saved
1,306 3.81 1.19 358 255 0.71
Replace 200W High Bay Mercury with 100W LEDs. The cost of 100W
HB LED lights is approximately $176.
saved saved saved
12,729 37.10 11.58 1,682 1,320 0.78
All halogen lights need to be replaced with 10 W LED globes. The cost of
these globes is approximately $7.
Please refer the general information in section 6 of this report
The savings in electrical energy if the metal roof is painted with thermal
insulating paint is estimated as per the table below:
saved saved saved
3,223 9.39 2.93 884 6,000 6.79
Recommendation
That the roof be painted with thermal insulating paint.
The building has metal shed roof with an insulation rating of R = 1. At the time
of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to view and assess ceiling
insulation.

57
Recommendation
It is recommended that consideration be given to installing additional ceiling
insulation with minimum rating of R = 4.
If the additional insulation is installed predicted savings may be as follows:
saved saved saved
4,819 14.04 4.39 1,322 12,000 9.08
7.9.7 WINDOWS
Insulation film installed on the southern windows will increase the rating to
R = 0.65. The film also claims to block 75% of IR radiation.
The light construction of the building with almost no thermal insulation and an
abundance of windows, indicates that the payback period is high; however,
calculations did not include protection against the direct infra-red penetration
that significantly heats the building. Further research and more detailed
calculations to ascertain this are beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
If the film is installed the potential savings in electrical energy are estimated
as follows:
saved saved saved
1,920 5.60 1.75 527 4,800 9.11
Recommendation
That solar thermal insulating film be installed as identified above.
7.9.8 WALLS
The walls are of a timber frame construction, with unknown in-wall insulation.
Assessment, calculation and recommendations for additional wall insulation
are above the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
At the time of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to determine that the
equipment is automatically switched off after hours.
During business hours, this equipment consumes approximately 2,184 kWh
per year.

58
There are two public computers connected to the Internet. It is also suggested
that software is installed which will hibernate the computers after 10 minutes
of idle time.
If not already done so, the equipment could be switched to shutdown mode
ie:
 Enable “Wake On” using internal computer software
 Issue a shutdown command using internal computer software.
The estimated saving is approximately 546kWh, representing 1.59% of total
electrical energy. There is no associated cost.
Predicted savings and payback may be as follows:
saved saved saved
546 1.59 0.50 88 0 0.00
Recommendation
That action be taken to minimise electricity use from unneeded IT equipment.
There is sufficient roof area to install solar panels. Calculations based on
average 10 kW solar panel price show the following savings:
saved saved saved
15,208 44.32 13.84 4,172 28,150 6.75
Solar panels installed on the roof create shade, significantly decreasing IR
heat penetration into the building, thereby negating roof painting, however the
clarification of this is beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
Recommendation
That the installation of energy generating solar panels be considered.
Recommended Options

59
After implementing the recommendations, the following savings could
saved saved saved
Fluorescent 1,306 3.81 1.19 358 255 0.71
HB lighting 12,729 37.10 11.58 1,682 1,320 0.78
Painting 3,223 9.39 2.93 884 6,000 6.79
Ceiling insulation 4,819 14.04 4.39 1,322 12,000 9.08
Windows film 1,920 5.60 1.75 527 4,800 9.11
Computers 546 1.59 0.50 88 0 0.00
Total 24,542 71.52 22.33 4,862 24,375 5.01
Solar panels 15,208 44.32 13.84 4,172 28,150 6.75
Subtotal 39,750 115.85 36 9,033 52,525 5.81
Including an 8% increase in electricity prices the final payback is potentially
4.2 years.

60
7.10 BERRI WORKS DEPOT
 The Berri Works Depot is located at 11 Paddick Street, Berri.
 The depot was built in 1970 and consists of the Main Office building and
several sheet metal sheds.
 Main Office Building is 200 sq/m
 The double brick walls of the Main Building have an assessed insulation
rating of R = 0.26.
 Metal sheets were used for roof construction, and at the time of the site
inspection, the Auditor was unable to determine the roof insulation rating.
 The single glass windows have an insulation rating of R = 0.166. The
ceiling insulation rating is estimated to be R = 1.
An analogue meter records consumed electricity.
The data provided information for the 12 months from November 2011 to
November 2012, and in that time 72,422 kWh was used.
The average energy cost was 0.27776 $/kWh (including GST).
The building is used between 7 am to 4.30 pm during 5 days per week.
At the time of the inspection, most internal lights, AC systems and IT systems
were switched on. The internal lights remain permanently on during business
hours throughout the building and sheds.

61
Date Energy Rate
kWh $ / kWh
Dec-11 4,686 0.1146
Jan-12 5,699 0.1393
Feb-12 5,309 0.1297
Mar-12 5,195 0.1268
Apr-12 5,433 0.1325
May-12 5,619 0.1369
Jun-12 5,837 0.1422
Jul-12 5,513 0.1342
Aug-12 5,549 0.1349
Sep-12 6,708 0.1630
Oct-12 5,788 0.1405
Nov-12 5,571 0.1352
Total 66,907 0.2792
kWh $/kWh tonnes
66,907 0.2792 60.89
 The office building and associated sheds consists of:
 2 x division cycle air conditioning systems with electrical power estimated
at 3 kW. Their compressor- condenser units are located in direct sunlight
on the eastern and western sides of the building.
 2 x 2 kW wall air conditioners
 (The units exposed to direct sunlight run less efficiently (AS/NZS
3823.2:2011 Section 3 Performance Criteria).)
 1 x 3.6 kW electric hot water system
 4 x desktop computers and laptops, 6 screens and 3 printers
 kitchen equipment including: kettles, fridges etc.
There are also several sheds and toilets located on the Depot site.

62
Some of the sheds have roof insulation with an estimated rating of R = 1 to 2.
The shed walls are not insulated.
The lighting in the building, associated sheds and open area consist of:
68 x 36 Watts and 7 x 18 fluorescent lighting tubes
5 x 60W incandescent lights
2 x LED tubes in main office
23 x High Bay and flood lighting located in working sheds and open areas.
7.10.4 LIGHTING
Groups of lights are usually connected together and are controlled by one
switch. There is sensor lighting in the main office. No other lighting sensors
were found.
Recommendations
Replace 36W fluorescent tubes with 18W LEDs. The cost of 18W LED
fluorescent tubes is approximately $15.
saved saved saved
5,728 8.56 5.21 1,600 1,020 0.64
Replace 250 (300 W) High Bay Mercury with 100W LEDs. The cost of related
HB LED lights is approximately $175.
saved saved saved
8,073 12.07 7.35 2,201 1,380 0.63
All incandescent lights need to be replaced with 10W LED globes. The cost of
these globes is approximately $7.
If an energy saving culture is not established, lighting controls should be
considered.

63
7.10.5 HOT WATER SERVICE
The building has one electric hot water system located outside the main
building. It appears that the system is never switched off.
If the hot water service is turned off at 4.30pm and turned back on at 7am
each working day and during weekends by a timer control, the savings in
electrical energy are estimated as follows:
saved saved saved
6,934 10.36 6.31 1,936 1,000 0.52
Recommendation
That a HWS control switch be installed
Alternate Option 1: LPG HWS
After switching off the electric HWS, it still uses 3,060 kWh of electrical
energy, costing $834 per year and generating 2.78 tonnes CO2. Replacing
the electric HWS with an LPG instant boiler would save electrical energy.
NOTE: If the Council decides to install solar panels, the installation of an LPG
HWS is not required.
Alternate Option 2: Solar water heater and solar heat pump.
If the Council does not install solar panels, the installation of a solar water
heater may be considered. With cost of the equipment being $8,000 (some
rebates are available) energy savings and payback are potentially as follows:
saved saved saved
9,461 14.14 8.61 2,642 8,000 3.03
Because the system works only during the day and because of its thermal
inertia, this system needs to be connected with an electric or LPG HWS to
boost hot water production when required.
saved saved saved
9,461 14.14 8.04 2,351 2,500 1.06

64
The roof of the building is made of sheet metal, and IR radiation easily
penetrates across the roof.
Recommendation
It is recommended that consideration be given to painting the northern side of
the roof with a reflective paint. The savings in electrical energy are estimated
as follows:
saved saved saved
1,200 1.79 1.09 335 2,933 8.75
The existing ceiling insulation rating is estimated to be R = 1.
Recommendation
It is recommended that consideration be given to install ceiling insulation with
rating minimum R = 4.
If the additional insulation is installed predicted savings may be as follows:
saved saved saved
1,329 1.99 1.21 371 5,865 15.80
7.10.8 WINDOWS
All the windows are 3-4 mm glass with an estimated thermal rating of R =
0.166
An insulation film installed on the southern windows will increase the rating to
R = 0.34. The film also claims to block 75% of IR radiation.
The area of windows on the northern side is small and film is not suggested at
this sage.
Recommendation
That thermal insulating window film is considered for the southern windows.
The office walls are double brick with an estimated rating of R = 0.26.
Assessment of any unseen existing insulation, calculation and
recommendations for additional wall insulation are above the scope of a Level
1 Audit.

65
At the time of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to determine if the
equipment is automatically switched off after hours and during weekends.
During business hours, the equipment consumes approximately 2,606.4 kWh
per year.
If not already done so, the equipment could be switched off or to shutdown
mode ie:
 Enable “Wake On” using internal computer software
 Issue a shutdown command using internal computer software
Predicted savings and payback are potentially as follows:
saved saved saved
1,477 2.21 1.34 412 0 0.00
The roof area of the building is sufficient to install an approximate 20 kW solar
system. Calculations based on average solar panel price show the following
savings:
saved saved saved
30,417 45.46 27.68 8,493 56,300 6.63
Solar panels installed on the roof create shade, decreasing IR heat
penetration into the building. It may be determined that following the
installation, neither roof painting nor additional ceiling insulation may be
required. Related calculations are very complex and they are beyond the
scope of a Level 1 Audit.
7.10.12 SHADING AIR CONDITIONING UNITS
Air conditioning units installed on sides of the main building are exposed to
direct sunlight.
Air temperature around them is higher than the ambient temperature
measured in the shade.
The higher temperature increases enthalpy of air used for cooling of the
systems and decreases their efficiency. Shading of the systems will increase
their efficiency. Related calculations are complex and are beyond the scope
of a Level 1 Audit.

66
Recommendation
It is recommended to consider building shade covers for each unit.
Recommended Options
After implementing the recommendations listed, the following savings may
saved saved saved
Fluorescent 5,728 8.56 5.21 1,600 1,020 0.64
HB lighting 8,073 12.07 7.35 2,201 1,380 0.63
HWS 6,934 10.36 6.31 1,936 1,000 0.52
Painting 1,200 2 1 335 2,933 9
Computers 1,477 2.21 1.34 412 0 0.00
Total 24,741 36.98 22.51 6,855 12,198 1.78
Solar panels 30,417 45.46 27.68 8,493 56,300 6.63
Subtotal 55,157 82.44 50 15,349 68,498 4.46
Including an 8% increase in electricity prices, the final payback is
approximately 3.5 years.

67
7.11 BERRI BARMERA COUNCIL CHAMBERS
 The two storey Berri Barmera Council Chamber is located in the township
of Berri.
 The building was constructed in 1997 in front of the Rivoli Theatre.
 The building is 780 sq/m.
 It is constructed of brick with an insulation rating of R = 0.26. Sheet metal
was used for the roof, with an estimated rating of R = 1.
 The single glass windows have an insulation rating of R = 0.34.
 The ceiling tiles have an estimated insulation rating of R = 1.
 The building is used between 8.30 am to 5.30 pm (9 am to 5 pm working
office hours), 5 days per week.
Two analogue meters measure consumed energy. The following data was
provided:
 Meter No. 2001620725 5 – from December 2011 to November 2012
 Meter No. 2001008717 6 – from August 2012 to November 2012
office were calculated as follows:

68
kWh $/kWh tonnes
113,563 0.2847 103.34
Specific data for individual energy consumption to the buildings was not
available, but from the information provided, an assumption of consumed
energy was divided as follows:
 meter No. 2001620725 5 – 60% Office and 40% Theatre
 meter No. 2001008717 6 – 90% Office and 10% Theatre
Between December 2011 and November 2012, the Office consumed 113,563
kWh.
An average cost baseline was calculated at 0.2847 $/kWh.
 3 x ducted air conditioning systems (cooling and heating) with a total
estimated power of 66 kW cooling/heating capacity, located on top of the
roof and exposed to direct sunlight. Electrical power is estimated to be
18.33 kW
 3 x division cycle air conditioning systems with a total estimated power of
9 kW
 2 x sink hot and cold systems for drinking water with a total estimated
power of 1.8 kW
 226 x 36W and 11 x 18 fluorescent tubes
Date Energy Rate
kWh $ / kWh
Dec-11 8,028 0.2568
Jan-12 4,587 0.2552
Feb-12 6,121 0.2562
Mar-12 5,981 0.2554
Apr-12 6,183 0.2554
May-12 5,428 0.2536
Jun-12 6,812 0.2548
Jul-12 6,247 0.256
Aug-12 19,511 0.295
Sep-12 13,986 0.3117
Oct-12 14,879 0.3119
Nov-12 15,801 0.3135
Total 113,563 0.2847

69
 3 x 60W incandescent lights
 33 x desktop computers and laptops, 36 screens, 3 servers and 12
printers
7.11.4 LIGHTING
Recommendations
Replace 36W fluorescent tubes with 18W LEDs. The cost of an 18W
LED fluorescent tube is approximately $15.
saved saved saved
21,776 19.18 19.82 6,199 3,375 0.54
Replace 250W High Bay Mercury lights with 100W LEDs. The cost of
100W HB LED light is approximately $175.
saved saved saved
600 0.53 0.55 171 480 2.81
All incandescent lights to be replaced with 10W LED globes. Cost of the globe
is approximately $7.

70
Please refer to general notes in Section 6 of this report.
There are two electric hot water systems for upstairs and downstairs kitchens.
Recommendation
That timer controls be purchased enabling the hot water services to be turned
off at 5 pm and turned back on at 7am each working day and during
weekends as necessary, which should attract the savings in electrical energy
are estimated as follows:
saved saved saved
3,467 3.05 3.15 987 2,000 2.03
The cost of the switches is estimated to be $2,000.
It is recommended the roof of the building is painted with a thermal insulating
paint. Please refer Section 6 of this report.
The indicative savings in electrical energy are estimated as follows:
saved saved saved
1,965 1.73 1.79 559 5,486 9.81
The building has metal shed roof with an additional insulation rating R = 1.
At the time of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to determine the
existence of any existing unseen ceiling insulation so it was assumed that
there is none.
Recommendation
It is recommended that consideration be given to installing ceiling insulation
with minimum rating of R = 4.
If the additional insulation is installed, predicted savings may potentially be as
follows:
saved saved saved
2,487 2.19 2.26 708 10,973 15.50

71
7.11.8 WINDOWS
Thermal insulating window film installed on the southern windows will
increase the rating to R = 0.65.The film also claims to block 75% of IR
radiation.
Whilst the payback period may be considered as unattractive, calculations do
not include protection against the direct infra-red penetration that significantly
radiates the building. Further research and more detailed calculations to
ascertain this are beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
Recommendation
That solar thermal insulating window film be fitted as suggested above,
providing an indicative saving of:
saved saved saved
2,592 2.28 2.36 738 8,640 11.71
The walls are constructed from double brick with an estimated rating of R =
0.26.
Assessment, calculation and recommendation for additional wall insulation is
beyond the scope of a Level 1 Audit.
7.11.10 COMPUTERS AND OTHER IT EQUIPMENT.
There are 33 desktop computers and laptops, 36 screens, 3 servers and 12
printers in the building.
At the time of the site inspection, the Auditor was unable to determine if the
equipment is automatically switched off after hours and during weekends.
During business hours, the equipment consumes approximately 12,916 kWh
per year.
Recommendation
The equipment could be switched to shutdown mode (by a server) ie:
 Enable “Wake On” using LAN or other network workgroup to workstations,
 Issue a shutdown command to all workstations at necessary times
required by computers working with production.
The potential savings and payback is as follows:

72
saved saved saved
7,088 6.24 6.45 2,018 0 0.00
The roof area of the building is sufficient to install approximately 3.7 kW solar
panels.
Calculations based on average solar panel price show the following savings:
saved saved saved
45,625 40.18 41.52 12,988 84,450 6.50
Solar panels installed on the roof may create shade for the air conditioning
systems. The panels also significantly decrease heat penetration in to the
building.
Recommendation
That the installation of solar panels be considered, to offset power costs.
7.11.12 SHADING AIR CONDITIONING UNITS
Reverse cycle air conditioners are located on top of the roof. The units are
exposed to direct sunlight, and run less efficiently (AS/NZS 3823.2:2011
Section 3 Performance Criteria) than if they were shaded.
The higher temperature increases enthalpy of air used for cooling the
systems and decreases their efficiency.
Shading of the systems will increase their efficiency by 5% to 15%. If there
are no solar panels creating shade, other shade construction is
recommended.
Recommended Options

73
After implementing the suggested recommendations, the following savings
may be achieved:
saved saved saved
Fluorescent 21,776 19.18 19.82 6,199 3,375 0.54
HB lighting 600 0.53 0.55 171 480 2.81
HWS 3,467 3.05 3.15 987 2,000 2.03
Painting 1,965 1.73 1.79 559 5,486 9.81
Windows film 2,592 2.28 2.36 738 8,640 11.71
Computers 7,088 6.24 6.45 2,018 0 0.00
Total 39,974 35.20 36.38 11,379 30,954 2.72
Solar panels 45,625 40.18 41.52 12,988 84,450 6.50
Subtotal 85,599 75.38 78 24,367 115,404 4.74
Including an 8% increase in electricity prices, the final payback period, with
solar panels, is potentially approximately 3.7 years.

Environ arc energy audit report 2 with appendices

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