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PROJECT – Floors And Flooring
Group- DreamersAND THEY CALLED US
Floors And Flooring
Floors divide the building into different levels one
above the other .The purpose of providing a number
of floors is to get the maximum living area within a
restricted site . The purpose of a floor is - To provide
a level surface. To support live and dead loads. A
floor must satisfy the following requirements –
Adequate strength and stability. Adequate fire
resistance. Sound insulation. Damp resistance.
Thermal insulation. Floors are of two types – Ground
floors. Upper floors.
Types Of Floor Finishes
1. MUD AND MURAM FLOORING
2. NATURAL STONE FLOORING
3. CLAY/CERAMIC TILE FLOORING
4. CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING
5. PAVEMENT BLOCKS FLOORING
6. TREMIX FLOORING
7. IPS FLOORING
8. ASPHALT FLOORING
9. BRICK FLOORING
10. TERRAZZO FLOORING
11. MOSAIC FLOORING
12. TILED FLOORING
13. TIMBER FLOORING
14. RUBBER FLOORING
15. LINOLEUM FLOORING
16. CORK FLOORING
17. GLASS FLOORING
18. PLASTIC OR P.V.C. FLOORING
19. VINYLE FLOORING
20. LAMINATE FLOORING
MUD AND MURAM FLOORING
MUD FLOORING Used for unimportant buildings,
particularly in villages. MERITS Cheap, hard and fairly
impervious. Easy in construction and maintenance. Good
thermal insulation. DEMERITS For proper maintenance,
the floors are required to be given a wash of cement cow
dung plaster once or twice a week which is objectionable
from sanitary considerations.
NATURAL STONE FLOORING
Natural stone refers to a variety of mountain
born materials including Slate,
Marble, Limestone, Travertine, Granite, and
Sandstone. Each of these has slightly
different properties.
CLAY/CERAMIC TILE FLOORING
Ceramics are an ancient craft that date back some
4,000 years, originating in Ancient Egypt around
4,700 BCE.
The origin of the word “ceramic” comes from the
Greek word “keramos,” or pottery. The word “tile”
originates from the Latin “tegula” and its French
derivative, “tuile.”Tiles are made from clay, which
once shaped and dried, are fired in a kiln at very
hot temperatures. This process hardens the tiles,
creating “bisque,” which can then be glazed and
fired a second time. Tiles can also be
used unglazed, although the color range is limited
to the natural shades of the clay.
CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING
CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING Used for
residential, commercial and industrial buildings.
The floor consists of two components – The two
components of the floor can be constructed either
monolithically or non-monolithically. Base course
may be 7.5 to 10 cm thick. It may be either in lean
cement concrete (1 : 3 : 6 or 1 : 5 : 10) or lime
concrete containing 40% mortar of 1 : 2 lime-sand
and 60% coarse aggregate. The topping is then
laid in square or rectangular panels of size 1X1 or
2X2 or 1X2 m. It consists of 1 : 2 : 4 cement
concrete.
PAVEMENT BLOCKS FLOORING
This is also known as brick
paving .It is a decorative method
of creating a hard surface .They
are used for drive ways
,pavements, town centres etc.
TREMIX FLOORING
Tremix flooring is a special type of flooring mostly being done in the industrial sector. It provides
better wearing and tearing properties. It is generally used for industrial purpose, where rigid
surface necessary for machine foundation, light load carrier vehicle and light weight cranes.
Generally the mix of concrete used for Tremix is 1:1:5:3 (1 cement: 1.5 sand and: 3 stone
aggregates), mostly rich mix of 1:1:2 preferred for better wear and tear. In this flooring
necessary reinforcement provides depending upon the thickness of the flooring, whereas the
thickness of concrete is decided from 100 to 200 mm over PCC (1:4:8) and well prepared stone
soling base ranging from 230 to 300 mm. In industrial flooring PCC base should be kept up to
100 mm and same as floor concrete 150 mm, may be satisfactory for heavy duty areas
such as warehouses, garage and machine shops.
IPS FLOORING
IPS flooring stands for Indian patent stone
flooring, it is a basic type of flooring which
provides good wearing properties. It is generally
used for all types of floors and mix of concrete
used for IPS flooring specification is 1:1.5:3
(cement, sand and stone aggregates). As per
the nature of use the flooring thickness of
concrete is decided from 25 mm to 50 mm. It is
laid over the concrete base (1:4:8), which is
almost 3 to 4 inches thick plain cement concrete
(PCC) base. You can decide the thickness of the IPS
flooring as per the requirement of work; in residential
floor 75 mm floor thickness is sufficient whereas
industrial floor thickness should be kept 150 mm.
ASPHALT FLOORING
The technology used in making
asphalt tiles and sheets for
flooring has improved
considerably. Asphalt tiles and
sheets are available in different
colours and forms.
BRICK FLOORING
Brick flooring has been used for centuries
in homes and offices, as sidewalks and
streets, and for buildings. It's been
popular enough that brick pattern
laminate flooring was created for people
who wanted the look without having the
rough texture and challenge of cleaning
brick flooring.
TERRAZZO FLOORING
Terrazzo is a highly versatile material that has been
used as a flooring product since Roman times but
can be moulded into almost any shape. Terrazzo
tiles and Terrazzo flooring is used throughout the
world in locations such as train stations, airports,
shopping malls and supermarkets and enjoys an
enviable reputation due to its combination of
durability, ease of maintenance, beauty and
performance.
MOSAIC FLOORING
MOSAIC FLOORING Made of small pieces of
broken tiles of china
glazed/cement/marble arranged in
different pattern. Tiles used are available in
a variety of patterns and colours.
Commonly used in operation theatres,
temples, bathrooms and superior type of
building floors.
TILED FLOORING
TILED FLOORING Constructed from square or
any other shape made of clay, cement or
terrazzo. Available in different sizes and
thicknesses. Used in residential houses,
offices, schools and other public buildings. An
alternative to terrazzo flooring. MERITS Non
absorbent, decorative and durable. Quick
laying of floors. Easily repaired. DEMERITS
Initial and maintenance cost is high. On
becoming wet, provides a slippery surface.
TIMBER FLOORING
TIMBER FLOORING Not used much for
residential buildings in India because it is
costly. Used for carpentry halls, dancing
halls, auditoriums etc.Common in hilly areas
where timber is cheap and available. Entire
area below the floor is covered with an
impervious material(cement concrete or
asphalt) to prevent dampness. Elastic in
nature. Resistant to wear and tear.
RUBBER FLOORING
RUBBER FLOORING Consists of sheets or
tiles of rubber in a variety of patterns and
colours with thickness varying from 3 to
10 mm. Sheet or tile is manufactured by
mixing pure rubber with fillers such as
cotton fiber, granulated cork or asbestos
fiber. Sheets/tiles are fixed to concrete
base by appropriate adhesives. Resilient
and noise proof. They are costly. Used in
office or public buildings.
LINOLEUM FLOORING
LINOLEUM FLOORING A covering
available in rolls which is spread directly
on concrete or wooden flooring.
Linoleum sheets may be plain or
printed. It may be 2 to 6 mm thick and 2
to 4 m wide. Linoleum tiles are also
available. Linoleum coverings are
attractive, resilient, durable, cheap and
can be cleaned easily. It rots when gets
wet. Hence it cannot be used for
bathrooms and kitchens.
CORK FLOORING
CORK FLOORING Cork is the outer
bark of cork oak tree. This flooring
is perfectly noiseless and is used in
libraries, theatres, art galleries etc.
It may be in the form of either carpet
or tiles. It is fixed to a concrete
base. Its size varies from 10 cm X
10 cm to 30 cm X 90 cm and
thickness varies from 5 mm to 15
mm.
GLASS FLOORING
GLASS FLOORING It is used where light is
to be transmitted from upper floor to
lower floor. Structural glass is available in
the form of tiles or slabs. Its thickness
varies from 12 to 30 mm. These slabs or
tiles are fixed in closely spaced frames. It is
very costly and therefore not commonly
used.
PLASTIC OR P.V.C. FLOORING
PLASTIC OR P.V.C. FLOORING It is made of plastic
material fabricated in the form of tiles of
different sizes and colour shades. Widely used
in all types of buildings. The tiles are laid on
concrete base. The floor is washed with warm
soap water before use. It is resilient, smooth,
good looking and can be cleaned easily. It is
costly and slippery and is damaged when comes
in contact with burning objects.
VINYLE FLOORING
Vinyl tile is a simple, inexpensive
way to cover a floor. Many tiles
have a self-adhesive that only
requires peeling off the backing
and sticking them down. Tiles
without the backing require
spreading an adhesive over the
floor with a notched trowel, then
setting the tiles.
LAMINATE FLOORING
Laminate flooring consist of two layers, one is
outer layer, a glued-on layer and an inner layer.
Laminate flooring look like wooden flooring,
some even has a look of marble and granite.
Laminate flooring gives the flexibility. Almost any
wood patterned or lightly colored stone
patterned laminate floor will give the
opportunity to change the look of a room
completely. If you are putting borders in a small
room that is not right because due to furniture
you will not be able to see any borders. But
these borders will look very attractive and
decent in big rooms.
PROJECT BY-SOURAV CH. MAHATO [ROLL NO.52718]
SOUMEN PATRA[ROLL NO.52716]
SOUMYADIP SAMANTA[ROLL NO.52717]
SANTANU MAHATA [ROLL NO.52702]
SOURAV MUKHERJEE[ROLL NO.52720]
RAKHAL MAHATHA[ROLL NO.52695]

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Types Of Flooring

  • 1. PROJECT – Floors And Flooring Group- DreamersAND THEY CALLED US
  • 2. Floors And Flooring Floors divide the building into different levels one above the other .The purpose of providing a number of floors is to get the maximum living area within a restricted site . The purpose of a floor is - To provide a level surface. To support live and dead loads. A floor must satisfy the following requirements – Adequate strength and stability. Adequate fire resistance. Sound insulation. Damp resistance. Thermal insulation. Floors are of two types – Ground floors. Upper floors.
  • 3. Types Of Floor Finishes 1. MUD AND MURAM FLOORING 2. NATURAL STONE FLOORING 3. CLAY/CERAMIC TILE FLOORING 4. CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING 5. PAVEMENT BLOCKS FLOORING 6. TREMIX FLOORING 7. IPS FLOORING 8. ASPHALT FLOORING 9. BRICK FLOORING 10. TERRAZZO FLOORING 11. MOSAIC FLOORING 12. TILED FLOORING 13. TIMBER FLOORING 14. RUBBER FLOORING 15. LINOLEUM FLOORING 16. CORK FLOORING 17. GLASS FLOORING 18. PLASTIC OR P.V.C. FLOORING 19. VINYLE FLOORING 20. LAMINATE FLOORING
  • 4. MUD AND MURAM FLOORING MUD FLOORING Used for unimportant buildings, particularly in villages. MERITS Cheap, hard and fairly impervious. Easy in construction and maintenance. Good thermal insulation. DEMERITS For proper maintenance, the floors are required to be given a wash of cement cow dung plaster once or twice a week which is objectionable from sanitary considerations.
  • 5. NATURAL STONE FLOORING Natural stone refers to a variety of mountain born materials including Slate, Marble, Limestone, Travertine, Granite, and Sandstone. Each of these has slightly different properties.
  • 6. CLAY/CERAMIC TILE FLOORING Ceramics are an ancient craft that date back some 4,000 years, originating in Ancient Egypt around 4,700 BCE. The origin of the word “ceramic” comes from the Greek word “keramos,” or pottery. The word “tile” originates from the Latin “tegula” and its French derivative, “tuile.”Tiles are made from clay, which once shaped and dried, are fired in a kiln at very hot temperatures. This process hardens the tiles, creating “bisque,” which can then be glazed and fired a second time. Tiles can also be used unglazed, although the color range is limited to the natural shades of the clay.
  • 7. CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING Used for residential, commercial and industrial buildings. The floor consists of two components – The two components of the floor can be constructed either monolithically or non-monolithically. Base course may be 7.5 to 10 cm thick. It may be either in lean cement concrete (1 : 3 : 6 or 1 : 5 : 10) or lime concrete containing 40% mortar of 1 : 2 lime-sand and 60% coarse aggregate. The topping is then laid in square or rectangular panels of size 1X1 or 2X2 or 1X2 m. It consists of 1 : 2 : 4 cement concrete.
  • 8. PAVEMENT BLOCKS FLOORING This is also known as brick paving .It is a decorative method of creating a hard surface .They are used for drive ways ,pavements, town centres etc.
  • 9. TREMIX FLOORING Tremix flooring is a special type of flooring mostly being done in the industrial sector. It provides better wearing and tearing properties. It is generally used for industrial purpose, where rigid surface necessary for machine foundation, light load carrier vehicle and light weight cranes. Generally the mix of concrete used for Tremix is 1:1:5:3 (1 cement: 1.5 sand and: 3 stone aggregates), mostly rich mix of 1:1:2 preferred for better wear and tear. In this flooring necessary reinforcement provides depending upon the thickness of the flooring, whereas the thickness of concrete is decided from 100 to 200 mm over PCC (1:4:8) and well prepared stone soling base ranging from 230 to 300 mm. In industrial flooring PCC base should be kept up to 100 mm and same as floor concrete 150 mm, may be satisfactory for heavy duty areas such as warehouses, garage and machine shops.
  • 10. IPS FLOORING IPS flooring stands for Indian patent stone flooring, it is a basic type of flooring which provides good wearing properties. It is generally used for all types of floors and mix of concrete used for IPS flooring specification is 1:1.5:3 (cement, sand and stone aggregates). As per the nature of use the flooring thickness of concrete is decided from 25 mm to 50 mm. It is laid over the concrete base (1:4:8), which is almost 3 to 4 inches thick plain cement concrete (PCC) base. You can decide the thickness of the IPS flooring as per the requirement of work; in residential floor 75 mm floor thickness is sufficient whereas industrial floor thickness should be kept 150 mm.
  • 11. ASPHALT FLOORING The technology used in making asphalt tiles and sheets for flooring has improved considerably. Asphalt tiles and sheets are available in different colours and forms.
  • 12. BRICK FLOORING Brick flooring has been used for centuries in homes and offices, as sidewalks and streets, and for buildings. It's been popular enough that brick pattern laminate flooring was created for people who wanted the look without having the rough texture and challenge of cleaning brick flooring.
  • 13. TERRAZZO FLOORING Terrazzo is a highly versatile material that has been used as a flooring product since Roman times but can be moulded into almost any shape. Terrazzo tiles and Terrazzo flooring is used throughout the world in locations such as train stations, airports, shopping malls and supermarkets and enjoys an enviable reputation due to its combination of durability, ease of maintenance, beauty and performance.
  • 14. MOSAIC FLOORING MOSAIC FLOORING Made of small pieces of broken tiles of china glazed/cement/marble arranged in different pattern. Tiles used are available in a variety of patterns and colours. Commonly used in operation theatres, temples, bathrooms and superior type of building floors.
  • 15. TILED FLOORING TILED FLOORING Constructed from square or any other shape made of clay, cement or terrazzo. Available in different sizes and thicknesses. Used in residential houses, offices, schools and other public buildings. An alternative to terrazzo flooring. MERITS Non absorbent, decorative and durable. Quick laying of floors. Easily repaired. DEMERITS Initial and maintenance cost is high. On becoming wet, provides a slippery surface.
  • 16. TIMBER FLOORING TIMBER FLOORING Not used much for residential buildings in India because it is costly. Used for carpentry halls, dancing halls, auditoriums etc.Common in hilly areas where timber is cheap and available. Entire area below the floor is covered with an impervious material(cement concrete or asphalt) to prevent dampness. Elastic in nature. Resistant to wear and tear.
  • 17. RUBBER FLOORING RUBBER FLOORING Consists of sheets or tiles of rubber in a variety of patterns and colours with thickness varying from 3 to 10 mm. Sheet or tile is manufactured by mixing pure rubber with fillers such as cotton fiber, granulated cork or asbestos fiber. Sheets/tiles are fixed to concrete base by appropriate adhesives. Resilient and noise proof. They are costly. Used in office or public buildings.
  • 18. LINOLEUM FLOORING LINOLEUM FLOORING A covering available in rolls which is spread directly on concrete or wooden flooring. Linoleum sheets may be plain or printed. It may be 2 to 6 mm thick and 2 to 4 m wide. Linoleum tiles are also available. Linoleum coverings are attractive, resilient, durable, cheap and can be cleaned easily. It rots when gets wet. Hence it cannot be used for bathrooms and kitchens.
  • 19. CORK FLOORING CORK FLOORING Cork is the outer bark of cork oak tree. This flooring is perfectly noiseless and is used in libraries, theatres, art galleries etc. It may be in the form of either carpet or tiles. It is fixed to a concrete base. Its size varies from 10 cm X 10 cm to 30 cm X 90 cm and thickness varies from 5 mm to 15 mm.
  • 20. GLASS FLOORING GLASS FLOORING It is used where light is to be transmitted from upper floor to lower floor. Structural glass is available in the form of tiles or slabs. Its thickness varies from 12 to 30 mm. These slabs or tiles are fixed in closely spaced frames. It is very costly and therefore not commonly used.
  • 21. PLASTIC OR P.V.C. FLOORING PLASTIC OR P.V.C. FLOORING It is made of plastic material fabricated in the form of tiles of different sizes and colour shades. Widely used in all types of buildings. The tiles are laid on concrete base. The floor is washed with warm soap water before use. It is resilient, smooth, good looking and can be cleaned easily. It is costly and slippery and is damaged when comes in contact with burning objects.
  • 22. VINYLE FLOORING Vinyl tile is a simple, inexpensive way to cover a floor. Many tiles have a self-adhesive that only requires peeling off the backing and sticking them down. Tiles without the backing require spreading an adhesive over the floor with a notched trowel, then setting the tiles.
  • 23. LAMINATE FLOORING Laminate flooring consist of two layers, one is outer layer, a glued-on layer and an inner layer. Laminate flooring look like wooden flooring, some even has a look of marble and granite. Laminate flooring gives the flexibility. Almost any wood patterned or lightly colored stone patterned laminate floor will give the opportunity to change the look of a room completely. If you are putting borders in a small room that is not right because due to furniture you will not be able to see any borders. But these borders will look very attractive and decent in big rooms.
  • 24. PROJECT BY-SOURAV CH. MAHATO [ROLL NO.52718] SOUMEN PATRA[ROLL NO.52716] SOUMYADIP SAMANTA[ROLL NO.52717] SANTANU MAHATA [ROLL NO.52702] SOURAV MUKHERJEE[ROLL NO.52720] RAKHAL MAHATHA[ROLL NO.52695]