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KKeennnniinnggss 
BBaasseedd oonn tthhee wwoorrkk ooff MMiikkee GGaarrrryy
WWhhaatt iiss aa KKeennnniinngg?? 
 AA kkeennnniinngg iiss aa ccoommppoouunndd ffiigguurraattiivvee oorr pphhrraassee 
tthhaatt aaiimmss ttoo rreeppllaaccee tthhee nnoouunn.. IItt ccoonnssiissttss ooff 
ttwwoo wwoorrddss tthhaatt ddeessccrriibbee tthhee nnoouunn.. KKeennnniinnggss 
oorriiggiinnaattee ffrroomm tthhee AAnngglloo SSaaxxoonn.. 
 VVeerryy ssiimmppllyy,, iitt iiss aa wwaayy ooff ddeessccrriibbiinngg 
ssoommeetthhiinngg iinnddiirreeccttllyy,, lliikkee aa mmeettaapphhoorr oorr 
ssiimmiillee,, aanndd mmaakkiinngg kkeennnniinnggss aarree aa ggrreeaatt wwaayy ttoo 
iinnttrroodduuccee cchhiillddrreenn ttoo ffiigguurraattiivvee ssppeeeecchh..
EEaarrllyy eexxaammpplleess 
 OOnnee ooff tthhee eeaarrlliieesstt ffoorrmmss ooff kkeennnniinngg iinn 
lliitteerraattuurree ccoommeess ffrroomm tthhee ppooeemm BBeeoowwuullff 
wwhheerree:: 
 ““sseeaall’’ss ffiieelldd”” ddeessccrriibbeess tthhee sseeaa 
 ““sskkuullll sspplliitttteerr”” ddeessccrriibbeess aann aaxxee..
w Kennings, whheenn wwrriitttteenn oorr ssppookkeenn aass 
aa lliisstt,, ccaann ccrreeaattee sshhoorrtt rriiddddlleess:: 
 SSqquuiiddggyy bbaallll 
 DDoottttyy sskkiinn 
 YYeelllloowwyy rreedd 
 SSttiicckkyy ffiinnggeerrss 
 SSwweeeett lliippss 
 JJiiggssaaww ppiieecceess 
 WWhhaatt aamm II??
Animals aarree ggoooodd ttoo ddeessccrriibbee iinn 
kkeennnniinngg ffoorrmm:: 
 QQuuiieett pprroowwlleerr 
 NNiigghhtt hhoowwlleerr 
 FFrreeee mmeeaalleerr 
 CChhiicckkeenn sstteeaalleerr 
 RRuussttyy ssppllaasshheerr 
 HHuunntteerr ddaasshheerr 
 WWhhaatt aamm II??
EExxeerrcciissee 
 TThhiinnkk ooff aannyy nnoouunn –– ggllaasssseess,, ooccttooppuuss,, ttoommaattoo.. 
NNooww ggaatthheerr ttooggeetthheerr ggrroouuppss ooff kkeennnniinnggss tthhaatt 
ddeessccrriibbee tthhee nnoouunn.. 
 NNooww ppuutt tthhoossee kkeennnniinnggss iinn aa lliisstt aanndd ttrryy ttoo uussee 
aalllliitteerraattiioonn,, rrhhyymmee aanndd rrhhyytthhmm ttoo mmaakkee tthhee lliisstt 
ssoouunndd ppooeettiicc.. WWhheenn yyoouu hhaavvee aa lliisstt,, sshhaarree tthheemm 
wwiitthh oonnee aannootthheerr aanndd sseeee iiff yyoouu ccaann gguueessss wwhhaatt 
tthhee ootthheerr iiss ddeessccrriibbiinngg..
EExxeerrcciissee 
 TThhiinnkk ooff aannyy nnoouunn –– ggllaasssseess,, ooccttooppuuss,, ttoommaattoo.. 
NNooww ggaatthheerr ttooggeetthheerr ggrroouuppss ooff kkeennnniinnggss tthhaatt 
ddeessccrriibbee tthhee nnoouunn.. 
 NNooww ppuutt tthhoossee kkeennnniinnggss iinn aa lliisstt aanndd ttrryy ttoo uussee 
aalllliitteerraattiioonn,, rrhhyymmee aanndd rrhhyytthhmm ttoo mmaakkee tthhee lliisstt 
ssoouunndd ppooeettiicc.. WWhheenn yyoouu hhaavvee aa lliisstt,, sshhaarree tthheemm 
wwiitthh oonnee aannootthheerr aanndd sseeee iiff yyoouu ccaann gguueessss wwhhaatt 
tthhee ootthheerr iiss ddeessccrriibbiinngg..

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English (kennings)

  • 1. KKeennnniinnggss BBaasseedd oonn tthhee wwoorrkk ooff MMiikkee GGaarrrryy
  • 2. WWhhaatt iiss aa KKeennnniinngg??  AA kkeennnniinngg iiss aa ccoommppoouunndd ffiigguurraattiivvee oorr pphhrraassee tthhaatt aaiimmss ttoo rreeppllaaccee tthhee nnoouunn.. IItt ccoonnssiissttss ooff ttwwoo wwoorrddss tthhaatt ddeessccrriibbee tthhee nnoouunn.. KKeennnniinnggss oorriiggiinnaattee ffrroomm tthhee AAnngglloo SSaaxxoonn..  VVeerryy ssiimmppllyy,, iitt iiss aa wwaayy ooff ddeessccrriibbiinngg ssoommeetthhiinngg iinnddiirreeccttllyy,, lliikkee aa mmeettaapphhoorr oorr ssiimmiillee,, aanndd mmaakkiinngg kkeennnniinnggss aarree aa ggrreeaatt wwaayy ttoo iinnttrroodduuccee cchhiillddrreenn ttoo ffiigguurraattiivvee ssppeeeecchh..
  • 3. EEaarrllyy eexxaammpplleess  OOnnee ooff tthhee eeaarrlliieesstt ffoorrmmss ooff kkeennnniinngg iinn lliitteerraattuurree ccoommeess ffrroomm tthhee ppooeemm BBeeoowwuullff wwhheerree::  ““sseeaall’’ss ffiieelldd”” ddeessccrriibbeess tthhee sseeaa  ““sskkuullll sspplliitttteerr”” ddeessccrriibbeess aann aaxxee..
  • 4. w Kennings, whheenn wwrriitttteenn oorr ssppookkeenn aass aa lliisstt,, ccaann ccrreeaattee sshhoorrtt rriiddddlleess::  SSqquuiiddggyy bbaallll  DDoottttyy sskkiinn  YYeelllloowwyy rreedd  SSttiicckkyy ffiinnggeerrss  SSwweeeett lliippss  JJiiggssaaww ppiieecceess  WWhhaatt aamm II??
  • 5. Animals aarree ggoooodd ttoo ddeessccrriibbee iinn kkeennnniinngg ffoorrmm::  QQuuiieett pprroowwlleerr  NNiigghhtt hhoowwlleerr  FFrreeee mmeeaalleerr  CChhiicckkeenn sstteeaalleerr  RRuussttyy ssppllaasshheerr  HHuunntteerr ddaasshheerr  WWhhaatt aamm II??
  • 6. EExxeerrcciissee  TThhiinnkk ooff aannyy nnoouunn –– ggllaasssseess,, ooccttooppuuss,, ttoommaattoo.. NNooww ggaatthheerr ttooggeetthheerr ggrroouuppss ooff kkeennnniinnggss tthhaatt ddeessccrriibbee tthhee nnoouunn..  NNooww ppuutt tthhoossee kkeennnniinnggss iinn aa lliisstt aanndd ttrryy ttoo uussee aalllliitteerraattiioonn,, rrhhyymmee aanndd rrhhyytthhmm ttoo mmaakkee tthhee lliisstt ssoouunndd ppooeettiicc.. WWhheenn yyoouu hhaavvee aa lliisstt,, sshhaarree tthheemm wwiitthh oonnee aannootthheerr aanndd sseeee iiff yyoouu ccaann gguueessss wwhhaatt tthhee ootthheerr iiss ddeessccrriibbiinngg..
  • 7. EExxeerrcciissee  TThhiinnkk ooff aannyy nnoouunn –– ggllaasssseess,, ooccttooppuuss,, ttoommaattoo.. NNooww ggaatthheerr ttooggeetthheerr ggrroouuppss ooff kkeennnniinnggss tthhaatt ddeessccrriibbee tthhee nnoouunn..  NNooww ppuutt tthhoossee kkeennnniinnggss iinn aa lliisstt aanndd ttrryy ttoo uussee aalllliitteerraattiioonn,, rrhhyymmee aanndd rrhhyytthhmm ttoo mmaakkee tthhee lliisstt ssoouunndd ppooeettiicc.. WWhheenn yyoouu hhaavvee aa lliisstt,, sshhaarree tthheemm wwiitthh oonnee aannootthheerr aanndd sseeee iiff yyoouu ccaann gguueessss wwhhaatt tthhee ootthheerr iiss ddeessccrriibbiinngg..