스마트시티 공간정보 서비스 지원을 위한 BIM-GIS 객체 맵핑 표준. ISO/TC211 N19166. 토목학회 2016 제주 컨벤션 발표 자료.

1. 도시 서비스 개발을 위한
BIM-GIS 통합 표준 기술 개발
강태욱, 최현상
한국건설기술연구원 ICT융합연구소
laputa99999@gmail.com
https://sites.google.com/site/bimprinciple
KSCE 2016 CONVENTION
This research was supported by a grant from the Strategic Research Project (Development of
Integrated Operation Technology on Construction Information & Spatial Information based on
BIM/GIS Interoperation Platform, Development of BIM/GIS Interoperability Open-Platform in 2016)
funded by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology.

2. KICT
Specialty – Civil Engineering, Software Engineering
Experiences
• Writing book
Smart Home, CIR publication (2016)
Smart Building, CIR publication (2015)
IFMA, BIM for FACILITY MANAGERS, Translator (2014.5)
Architectural collaborative design, Author (2014.2)
Civil BIM, Author (2013.11)
BIM interoperability and platform, Author (2013.1)
BIM principle, Author (2011.6)
• Research
BIM on GIS (Part 1 and 2) Research, KICT (Current)
Point cloud-based architectural MEP object reverse engineering research, KICT(Current)
BIM-based railway system planning project, MLIT (2013)
VDC support system development planning Project, KICT (2013)
World best software BIM modeler and check development, Ministry of Knowledge Economy (2012)
Tae Wook, Kang
Ph.D, Senior Research, ICT Lab, KICT (Current)
https://sites.google.com/site/bimprinciple/

3. KICT
BIM-GIS integration project overview
Part 2013 2014 2015 2016
Application Use-cases and scenario
ex – O&M
Develop it
ex – FM, BEMS …
Validate it Improve it
SW Platform Interoperability Support
Platform Design
between BIM and GIS
Develop it
Open API. Linkage.
Mapping Rule
Validate it using the
pilot project
Improve it
Standard File IFC4 analyze and Infra-
BIM IFC design
Infra IFC draft version,
Converting Tool
Infra-BIM IFC
completion
Infra-BIM IFC
Standardization
Policy system IPDish design IPD guideline
development
IPDish validation Collaboration System
like IPD Suggestions
for Public Sector
Survey the technology and the solution
Research and Development
R&D Results Validation and
Feedback
Commercialization and Standardization
-B2GM is related to BIM on GIS platform research project
-Developing BIM on GIS platform which has interoperability, application including various use-cases, standard/policy
platform. Fund 8 M $ for 5 years (2012 – 2016). KICT with private sector (GAIA 3D, Seokyoung Systems…)

4. KICT
BIM-GIS integration project overview
KSCE, 2015, The Development direction for a VDC support system
based BIM

5. KICT
BIM-GIS integration project overview
GIS-BIM Object
Visualization
GIS-BIM Data
Integration
GIS-BIM Data Mining
Context-based
Application
•BIM Modeling
•IFC Parsing / Converter
•LandXML converter
•CityGML converter
•LOD generator
•Spatial Indexing
•Integrated query
Language
•Object Mapping Ruleset
•LOD Mapping
•Data View Definition
•Coordination Mapping
•Topology Linkage
•CityGML-BIM Extension
•Sensor / Actuator Node
Management
•Open API with Security
•Data Analysis (ex –
Trend, Decision Tree,
Classification etc)
•BIM Cube (Data Mining
Method based on BIM-
GIS)
•Data Quality Validation
•Data Mining Language
•Smart city service
•Semantic Query and
Analysis
•Model View Definition
for Application - MBP
Layers (Model + Business
Logic + Presentation
Layer)
•Context-based
Presentation

6. KICT
f(x)
bxayxf :)(
Use case & scenario
SELECT * FROM Alignment, Building WHERE
Buffer(Alignment, Building, ‘1km’) AND
Building.Pset(‘FM’).PCI < ‘50%’
ORDERBY Building.Pset(‘FM’).PCI
BIMGIS
SELECT * FROM Building, Pipe WHERE Overlap(Pipe, Building, ‘1m’)
AND Building.Pset(‘FM’).Owner = ‘LH’ …
Fig. IFC (http://www.iai-tech.org/)
IfcProject – Activity to make product
IfcProcess – Process and activity in project
IfcResource – Used resource object definition in process
IfcActor – Human resource definition in process
IfcProduct – Physical representation object
IfcControl – Control object
IfcGroup – Object set
Kernel
3개기본 확장 패키지
5개AEC/FM공통 패키지
AEC/FM도메인별9개의패키지
26개의 리소스패키지
IFC2x3
Building
Oriented
Format
IFC4
GIS CRS
NURBS
…
but
Heavy
Complex
Ambiguous
•Developed by OGC
•Open 3D urban object model for interoperability(ISO TC211)
•Shape, material, feature information support
•Focusing city Infrastructure object model
•Model abstraction support(LOD)Version 2.0
CityGML
GIS Oriented
Format
LOD
Features
But
Detailed
Building
Information?
Parameter set
Civil engineering
object
Detailed object
information
related to civil
engineering
ex- superelevation
LandXML
Civil
Engineering
Oriented
Format
But
Detailed
Building
Information?
GIS Topology
Element?
GIS BIM
Data
set
Data set
Link
User
KPI
PD
Data mining
cube
Example for smart city service
based on 3D spatial information

7. KICT
Use case & scenario
+
Integration
Data
Mining / Analysis
Smart city
Dashboard
IoT Big Data processing considering reliability
KPI matrix data ming / analysis
IoT / BAS nodes
Energy Operation Effectiveness
Maximization
KPI management using dashboard
f(x)
bxayxf :)(
Association
analysis
Basic statistics
analysis
Prediction
Analysis
…
Effective decision making support
In the future, when energy consumption
will be over the criteria?
Expected energy usage in next year?
BIM-GIS

8. KICT
Use case & scenario
Owner
FM
Office
Work Site
FM
Documents
Archive
MIS
(Management
Information System)
1. Defect Confirmed
2. Request Maintenance
3. Verify defect (2)
4. Check
construction/ma-
intenance history
(3)
5. Check location/structure/history of
the construction/maintenance (using
blueprints) (2)
6. Draft work
plans
FM
Subcontractors
7. Request cost estimation
11. Deliver cost estimation
12. Examine cost
estimation
13. Request
operation
commencement
approval
14. Send approval
15. Request company-
contracted work
8. Perform site
verification of the
company (2)
16. Perform
maintenance18. Submit product and
results before and after
maintenance
17. Check status
before and after
maintenance
22. Request
expense
sanction
19. Confirm the results of maintenance on site
23. Approve payment
and register the
historical record
20. Renew blueprints,
documents, and historical
records
DB DB
24. Send notification of maintenance result
21. Request payment
9. Request site
operation
related data (2)
10. Deliver
relevant data (2)
25. Authorize
payment
RequestPlace / System
Data
Acquisition
Repetitive Work
(Minimum
Repetitive Number)
User
Worker
Facility
Manager
Administrative Manager
Archive
Manager
Actor
Self-
execution

9. KICT
Use case & scenario
BIM-
based
FM
Work Site
MIS
(Management
Information System)
1. Defect Confirmed
2. Request Maintenance
3. Verify defect
4. Check construction/maintenance
history using BIM-based FM system
5. Check location/structure/history
of the construction/maintenance
6. Draft work plans
FM
Subcontractors7. Request cost estimation
11. Deliver cost estimation
12. Examine cost estimation
13. Request operation
commencement approval 14. Send approval
15. Request company-
contracted work
8. Perform site
verification of
the company
16. Perform
maintenance
18. Submit product and
results before and after
maintenance
17. Check status
before and after
maintenance
22. Request expense sanction
19. Confirm the results of maintenance on site
23. Approve payment
and register the
historical record
20. Renew blueprints, documents,
and historical records
DB
24. Send notification of maintenance result
21. Request payment
9. Request site
operation related
data
10. Deliver relevant data
25. Authorize
payment
User
WorkerFacility
Manager
Administrative Manager
FM DBMS
RequestPlace / System Actor
Self-
execution
Underlined tasks which can be
replaced as BIM-based FM work
to improve the effectiveness
BIM DB

10. KICT
Use case & scenario
Data acquisition work item Minimum Repetitive Maximum Repetitive
Data acqui
sition repet
itive work
of tradition
al FM wor
k scenario
No.3 2 8
No.4 3 5
No.5 2 4
No.8 2 3
No.9 2 4
No.10 2 4
TOTAL
BIM-based FM work scen
ario
Improvement 25% 205%

11. KICT
Use case & scenario
Difficult
y Level
Average Cases Q
uantity/Annual
Minimum
Days/Case
Total Da
ys
Case Description
1 50 5 250 Ceiling deflection, Window damage, Doo
r damage, Floor tile damage, etc.
2 35 10 350 New Facility installation, Crack, Water le
ak, System window damage, etc.
3 10 14 140 Space remodeling (electrical wire and swi
tch, communication line installation, finis
hing work, etc.), partition replacement, et
c.
4 5 90 450 Curtain wall replacement, Structural reinf
orcement which needs administrative offi
ce permission, etc.
Total 95 29 1,190 -
Existing FM Activity Cost Analysis

12. KICT
Use case & scenario
Scenario Work Months (
= 30 days)
Saving
Factor
Monthly
Salary [$]
Documentatio
n Activity Fact
or
Annual C
ost [$]
Existing FM Scenario 40 = 1,190/30 1.0 40 2,600 0.3 374,400
BIM-based FM with BP
D Scenario
40 = 1,190/30 0.25 30 2,600 0.3 280,800
CostSavings - - 10 - - 93,600
cost savings considering BIM-based FM with a PD
No Cost Item Cost [$] Cost %
1 Initial BIM Modeling Cost 95,000 65%
2 FM Database Development 19,000 13%
3 Software License Cost including DBMS 6,800 5%
4 PDF Conversion Cost 4,800 3%
5 Server (H/W) 9,500 7%
6 Client PC (H/W) 9,500 7%
7 Education Fee 1,000 1%
Total 145,600 100%
Investment Cost Estimation of BIM-based FM with a PD
From the results of the cost analysis, we can estimate that the redemption period considering th
e return on investment is about 1.56 year.

13. KICT
BIM 2 GIS Mapping (ISO 19166) Overview
B2G
Mapping
B2G
Element
Mapping
(EM)
B2G
Perspective
Definition
(PD)
B2G LOD
Mapping
(LM)
• ISO 19166 defines three mechanisms for conceptual mapping and linking between BIM, GIS and
heterogeneous dataset for supporting urban facility manager etc.
•Element mapping from IFC to CityGML
model. Because it is different between
IFC and CityGML schema, B2G EM needs
the mapping rule how to transform from
IFC to CityGML element.
•LOD definition and mapping from IFC to CityGML model.
The LOD models define a visualization mechanism.
But, there are no LOD concept in BIM objects of IFC standard.
To represent BIM geometry on GIS, LOD needs to
be extracted from IFC considering each LODs
•Perspective information representation
depending on the specific use-cases such as a user
facility management. "Perspective" is depending
on the use-case to extract the needed data. PD consists
of three parts to extract the needed external FM data.

14. KICT
Issues for mapping from BIM to GIS
Use case driven data
integration
• Data sources
• Flexible
• Extendable
Ambiguous
• Element
• LOD
Propagation
• Data sync
• Real-time
G
B
D
Wall
Roof
?
When BIM was
changed, how
abut GIS?

15. KICT
Issues for mapping from BIM to GIS
Use case driven data
integration
• Data sources
• Flexible
• Extendable
Ambiguous
• Element
• LOD
Propagation
• Data sync
• Real-time
Wall
Roof
?
When BIM was
changed, how
abut GIS?
Rule set based data
integration
Definition Linkage

16. KICT
Reuse - don’t reinvent the wheel
B2GM Data Mapping Flow as viewpoint of conceptual framework
BIM
W1
D2
F3
R4
GIS
W1
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
D2
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
F3
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
R4
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
B2G LM
B2G EM
Data set
E1
E2
E3
E4
B2G PDElement Mapping
LOD Mapping
Property Mapping
from External Data
Set using PD
1
2
3
Existed physical model
Fig. IFC (http://www.iai-tech.org/)
IfcProject – Activity to make product
IfcProcess – Process and activity in project
IfcResource – Used resource object definition in process
IfcActor – Human resource definition in process
IfcProduct – Physical representation object
IfcControl – Control object
IfcGroup – Object set
Kernel
3개기본 확장 패키지
5개AEC/FM공통 패키지
AEC/FM도메인별9개의패키지
26개의 리소스패키지
IFC2x3
Building
Oriented
Format
IFC4
GIS CRS
NURBS
…
but
Heavy
Complex
Ambiguous
•Developed by OGC
•Open 3D urban object model for interoperability(ISO TC211)
•Shape, material, feature information support
•Focusing city Infrastructure object model
•Model abstraction support(LOD)Version 2.0
CityGML
GIS Oriented
Format
LOD
Features
But
Detailed
Building
Information?
Parameter set
Civil engineering
object
Detailed object
information
related to civil
engineering
ex- superelevation
LandXML
Civil
Engineering
Oriented
Format
But
Detailed
Building
Information?
GIS Topology
Element?
Object =
Geometry + Data
Object =
Geometry + Data

17. KICT
B2G EM example
<MappingRuleset>
<Rule Source=‘IfcWallCase.L3’ Destination=‘WallSurface.L3’></>
<Rule Source=‘IfcWallCase.L2’ Destination=‘Building.L2’></>
…
</MappingRuleset>
IFC
W1
D2
F3
R4
CityGML
W1
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
D2
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
F3
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
R4
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
B2G LM
B2G EM
Element Mapping
LOD Mapping

18. KICT
B2G LM Overview
<MappingRuleset>
<Rule S=‘IfcWall*.L2’ D=‘Building.L2’></>
<Rule S=‘IfcWall*.L2’ D=‘WallSurface.L2’></>
<Rule S=‘IfcWall*.L3’ D=‘WallSurface.L3’></>
<Rule S=‘IfcWall*.L4’ D=‘[Int | Outer]WallSurface.L4’></>
</MappingRuleset>
LOD-1… LOD-4 of building geometry
B2G EM and LM Table
LOD LOD Generation Rule
1 Extrude(Product.Footprint) ∩ Extrude(Projection(Product.Elevation))
2 ExteriorSurfaceExtraction(Product) –
ExteriorSurfaceExtraction(Product).Void
3 ExteriorSurfaceExtraction(Product)
4 LOD3 ∪ IndoorSurface(Product)
IFC-CityGML LOD Mapping Rule
Product. LOD? → CityObject.LOD?
SemanticLOD Mapping

19. KICT
Perspective Definition (PD) approach example
Facility
Story
Classification Code
Object name
Object GUID
Manager
Space No
Manager
Space No
Space area
Date
Space area
Space perimeter
Space volume
Space height
Floor maintenance =
{Floor finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}
Wall maintenance =
{Wall finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}
Ceiling maintenance =
{Ceiling finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}
Facility
Story
Classification Code
Object name
Floor maintenance =
{Floor finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}
Wall maintenance =
{Wall finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}
Ceiling maintenance =
{Ceiling finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}
Subcontractor
Perspective
PDPD
PD
Facility = B199
Storey = S05
Code = B199.S05
Name = Main research building
Floor finish history =
At 2005.3.2, Tile#024 replacement, 0.5 year
At 2006.7.5, Tile#024 replacement, 0.5 year
At 2006.10.9, Tile#099 replacement, 0.5 year
At 2007.12.5, Tile#099 replacement, 0.5 year
The heterogeneous FM
data from the external
legacy system
Facility = B199
Storey = S05
Code = B199.S05
Name = Main research building
Query
the perspective
data
View
and Use
the data
Logic
View
Data
View
Style
View

20. KICT
Connect approach considering use-case workflow
Information propagation-enabled approach
URI - uniform resource identifier
URN - uniform resource name
URL - uniform resource locator
User A
Use case
A
Query information
G
B
D
Connection
workflow
Connection point
URL URN
Query

21. KICT
Connect approach considering use-case workflow
Information propagation-enabled approach
URI - uniform resource identifier
URN - uniform resource name
URL - uniform resource locator
Logic view
User A
Use case
A
Query information
G
B
D
Data view
Style view
BG-EM
BG-LM
BG object mapping
BG perspective mapping
Connection point B
Connection point D
Connection point G
URL URN
Connection
point B
Data bus

22. KICT
Connect approach considering use-case workflow
Information propagation-enabled approach
URI - uniform resource identifier
URN - uniform resource name
URL - uniform resource locator
Logic view
(Specify ETL module)
User A
Use case
A
Query information
G
B
DTransform for data
load
Load them into BIM
database
Data view
(For defining property
schema in GIS and BIM)
Style view
(For formatting the
understandable data in
GIS and BIM)
BG-EM
(mapping object element
from BIM to GIS)
BG-LM
(mapping LOD element
from BIM to GIS)
Extraction for filtering
from data set
BG object mapping
BG perspective mapping
Connection point B
Connection point D
Connection point G
URL URN
Connection
point B

23. KICT
Connect approach considering use-case workflow
Information propagation-enabled approach
URI - uniform resource identifier
URN - uniform resource name
URL - uniform resource locator
Logic view
(Specify ETL module)
User A
Use case
A
Query information
G
B
DTransform for data
load
Load them into BIM
database
Data view
(For defining property
set in GIS and BIM)
Style view
(For formatting the
understandable data in
GIS and BIM)
BG-EM
(mapping object element
from BIM to GIS)
BG-LM
(mapping LOD element
from BIM to GIS)
Extraction for filtering
from data set
BG object mapping
BG perspective mapping
Connection point B
Connection point D
Connection point G
URL URN
Connection
point B
Data
analysis
Data
Query
SQL

24. KICT
Case study – test data set
KICT energy usage data set from 2013 to 2014 year which has 32850 records about 45 spaces

25. KICT
Case study : BIM perfective definition prototype
•FM prototype system based on BIM-FM platform (AVI)
PD
https://youtu.be/tgHaDNBkeqE

26. KICT
Which spaces exceed over 1,000 kWh (annual EUC)?
BIMcube
1. Executing use case
2. Searching &
executing a
service
3. Executing data
mining model for
service
4. Obtaining information for service
5. Rendering data mining
results with spatial
information
Case study : Energy data mining with PD

27. KICT
Case study : Energy data mining with PD https://youtu.be/y4lu4IPPTAU

28. KICT
Effectives Analysis
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
A B C D E
Existing work
B-DM4SEM
min
Use case
Comparison of work performance time for each case
The maximum annual energy reference usage was divided into the following
phases:
A (5000 kWh), B (6000 kWh), C (7000 kWh), D (8000 kWh), and E (9000 kWh)
(5000kWh) (4000kWh) (3000kWh) (2000kWh) (1000kWh)
B-DM had an improved performance of up to 14.4 to 20.5 times
20.5
times
14.4
times

29. KICT
Effectives Analysis
• Interview data acquisition from 36 of 37 respondents.
• Jobs were divided into three categories: facility owner/management, facility design/engineerin
g/construction groups, and research/development/consulting groups.
• On average, the respondents had 6.78 years of practical experience, BIM-related experience of
2.51 years, and GIS-related experience of 3.89 years.
• Paired sample t-tests for the analysis of the pre- and post-groups were conducted (pre- and po
st-groups in p-values of 0.05)
Data Integration (DI), Flexibility (FL), Extensibility (EX), Effectiveness (EF), Reliability (RE), Reusability (RU), Maintenance (ME
), Portability (PO)

30. KICT
Effectives Analysis
Item Question
DA Is it easy to search and access the needed data for facility management?
MPS Can multiple users access and use the FM data under their roles?
DVC Is it easy to make and manage the property and data schema of the new facilities by operating
the FM system systematically?
DV Can it reduce data errors such as data input errors, data formatting errors?
DI Is it easy to extract and reuse the data from external heterogeneous FM systems such as Excel
-based FM tools and CMMS as the viewpoint of the data integration?
To determine the differences of the effects between the pre group using an Excel-based FM syst
em and the post group using a BPD-based FM system, paired sample t-tests for analysis of the pr
e and post groups were conducted. The results showed a significant difference between pre and
post groups in p-values of 0.05 (33 of 40 interviewers).
1.9
1.6
1.9 1.8
1.6
4.2
3.9 3.8
3.6
4.2
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
DA MPS DVC DV DI
Pre
Post
2.3 2.3
1.9 1.8
2.5
Post-Pre
2.3
2.3
1.91.8
2.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
DA
MPS
DVCDV
DI
BPD
effect

31. KICT
Case study : BIM-GIS linkage https://youtu.be/3eoQLaMxcn4

32. KICT
Conclusion & Future research
•BIM-GIS was proposed to support effective decision-making depending on the use-case
perspective such as building-space energy usage management.
•BIMcube prototype system was developed and some use-cases was conducted effectively.
•The proposed platform considers functional variability and extensibility.
•The proposed method makes it easier to re-define a data-mining model when the use cases cha
nge as compared to existing methods.
•Because defining the parameter values or logic applied in the proposed method can be achieved base
d on XML or scripts, improvements and modifications of the model can be easily conducted.
Conclusion

33. KICT
Conclusion & Future research
•BIM use & information integrity issues
•Supporting RESTful API
•Data acquisition from IoT sensor
•Designing data mining work flow by using Deep Learning
Future issues & research
(Kang, 2015)
(p = 0.05)Actual Outcome
Expected Outcome
Obstacle

34. KICT
References
1. TW. Kang, JY. Woo, 2015, The Development direction for a VDC support system based BIM,
KSCE
2. TW. Kang, HS. Choi, 2015, BIM Perspective Definition Metadata for interworking Facility
Management Data, Advanced Engineering Informatics
3. TW. Kang, CH. Hong, 2015, A Study on Software Architecture for Effective BIM/GIS-based
Facility Management Data Integration , Automation in Construction

35. 프레젠테이션 주제Thanks for your interest
KICT
Ph.D, Tae Wook, Kang(www.facebook.com/laputa999)
This research was supported by a grant from the Strategic Research Project (Development of
Integrated Operation Technology on Construction Information & Spatial Information based on
BIM/GIS Interoperation Platform, Development of BIM/GIS Interoperability Open-Platform in 2016)
funded by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology.