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Some observations on types,[object Object],TMRA 2009, November 12, Leipzig,[object Object],Lars Marius Garshol, <larsga@bouvet.no>,[object Object]
Types in IT,[object Object],Types are extremely fundamental,[object Object],datatypes in programming languages,,[object Object],classes in OOP,,[object Object],entities/packages/clusters/structs/records pre-OOP,[object Object],entity types in ER and EXPRESS,,[object Object],classes in UML,,[object Object],classes in RDF,,[object Object],topic types in Topic Maps,,[object Object],...,[object Object]
Types in language,[object Object],Consider what nouns really are,[object Object],specifically, common nouns,[object Object],Aren’t most of them topic types?,[object Object],car,[object Object],pencil,[object Object],country,[object Object],person,[object Object],computer,[object Object],...,[object Object]
Types in language (2),[object Object],What characterizes types is that they have instances,[object Object],You can recognize potential types using a simple “language game”,[object Object],for a potential type y, if there is an x such that you can say “x is a y”, y is a type,[object Object],if you cannot, it is not a type,[object Object],Examples,[object Object],Germany is a country,[object Object],___ is an electromagnetic force,[object Object]
Class hierarchies,[object Object], Consider how we talk about concepts in everyday conversations,[object Object],Child: “What is an ozelot?”,[object Object],Grown-up: “It’s an animal.”,[object Object],Child: “Oh. What kind of animal?”,[object Object],Grown-up: “It’s a kind of cat.”,[object Object]
Conclusion,[object Object],Types are fundamental in IT because they are fundamental to how we think and speak,[object Object],Likewise class hierarchies,[object Object]

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