1. Maternal Nipple Deprivation
and cross species sucking
• Kittens suck on dogs
• Puppies suck on cats
• Lamb sucks on woman (Dr P McVeagh’s pic)
• Lamb sucks on dog
• Monkey sucks on woman
• Piglet sucks on dog
• Puppies feed on tigress
• Tigress feeds puppies
• Dog feeds panda bear
• Cat feeds rabbit
• etc (see videos on Youtube)
Smell does not seem to be a necessary sensory
component of oral tactile fixation.
2. Maternal Nipple Deprivation:
ASK
What is the displacement object
when the maternal nipple to
pacify the infant is unavailable to
the infant?
3. Maternal Nipple Deprivation:
What is the displacement object when
the maternal nipple (to pacify the
infant) is unavailable to the infant?
• The emotionally fixated sucked object
calms the infant and reduces infant
cortisol levels:
4. • Although cortisol is reduced and that
reduction by dummy sucking is favourable to
the baby –
• The effect on the emotional relationship
development with the mother is damaged.
• A baby who loses its fixated dummy sucking
object cannot be comforted by the mother.
5. Although cortisol is reduced and that reduction
by dummy sucking is favourable to the baby –
The effect on the emotional relationship
development with the mother is damaged.
A baby who loses its fixated dummy sucking
object cannot be comforted by the mother.
Solution - let baby
suck on the
mother’s nipple
for cortisol
reduction!
6. Maternal Nipple Deprivation
TYPES OF PACIFIERS
1. Thumb or other fixated body part
2. Inanimate object, the dummy
3. Mother’s nipple
• The emotionally fixated sucked object calms the infant and reduces
infant cortisol levels:
7. There is no secondary
reinforcement (milk) needed to
encourage baby to suck
8. Oral Tactile Imprinting
is a
genetically determined by
evolution survival strategy to form
an emotional relationship through
sucking on the maternal nipple
11. Maternal nipple deprivation – is the effect just
lack of comfort from a familiar object?
• There are a couple of million internet
references to the physical and emotional
problems that surround thumb and dummy
sucking.
• Descriptions of the emotional state of the
infant when the fixated object is not
available are given by parents and caregivers.
12. Maternal nipple deprivation – is the displacement just lack of
comfort from a familiar object? How do mothers describe the
sucking on a pacifier other than the mothers nipples?
• “as if he can’t live without it”
• “as if his life depended upon it”
• “screamed and screamed”
• “addiction”
• “sobbed himself to sleep for nights”
• “freaked out”
13. Maternal Nipple Deprivation
• The object fixated by oral tactile imprinting is
the first emotional relationship.
The first emotional relationship may be
• On the self
• On an inanimate object
• On the mother
14. Feedback inhibition of lactation
One-teat preference
ONE TEAT PREFERENCE BEHAVIOUR
HAS A PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATE OF
FEEDBACK INHIBITION OF LACTATION
(FIL)
16. ABSTRACT:
Sixty-five women breastfed adopted babies.
Eighteen of the women had never been
pregnant,
seven had been pregnant but had not
breastfed, and
forty had been pregnant and breastfed
before..
18. “Suckling: Often ferrets will suck on each
others' ears,
and sometimes even cats' or dogs' ears,
especially when they're sleeping.
It's probably a lot like thumb-sucking in
humans,
And nothing to worry about as long as the
one doing the sucking is eating well and the
other one's ears aren't getting sore.”
19. Sleeping with baby
But still she looked forlorn lying in
the corner of the pen and I decided
to spend the night with her. I
wasn't to know that this would be
just the first of many anxious,
sleepless nights we would spend
cuddled up together.
Against All Odds Mary's Story • The
Elephant we'll never forget By Iris Hunt
http://www.animalorphanagekenya.org/members/eleph
ant_orphan_mary.php
accessed 5/7/2010
20. Maternal Nipple Deprivation
Effect of accommodating sucking and nosing on the behaviour of artificially
reared pigletsT M Widowski, Y Yuan and J M GardnerDepartment of Animal and
Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
accessed 5/7/2010 http://la.rsmjournals.com/cgi/reprint/39/2/240.pdf
Although the period of nutritive sucking
lasts only 10–15 s per nursing, young piglets
engage in long periods of non- nutritive
sucking (Rushen & Fraser 1989), and nose
and massage the sow’s teats before and
after milk let-down, often falling asleep with
their snouts in contact with the udder
(Fraser 1980).
21. In the absence of the sow, newborn piglets
redirect nosing and sucking at other objects
(Noyes 1976). When young piglets are housed
in groups, these motor patterns are often
directed at the soft tissue body parts of other
piglets, which leads to belly nosing, navel
sucking and sucking or chewing on the ears or
tails of pen-mates (Fraser et al. 1998) (Naval
sucking results in evisceration of the abdomen
of the sucked litter mate)
22. Maternal Nipple Deprivation
.
Trough no-nipple fed
Hard glass-wall with-nipple fed
Soft-bag water-filled with-nipple fed
Belly sucking of adjacent piglet
(Problem abdominal hernia)
Days post weaning
Reconstructed from Widowski et al
24. Maternal Nipple Deprivation
Body Sucking This isn’t
something to take lightly. Jaws
have been misaligned and
significant injuries to testicles
have taken place.
Stress Specific areas of the
body may be reddened or, in
the case of the testes, swollen
or sucked flat.
Genitalia area may be swollen
and even bleeding …
Cover the area until sucking
stops. Though be careful that
covering the area does not
cause even more stress …
25. Maternal Nipple Deprivation:
Mammalian body part sucking only takes place in the circumstance of maternal nipple
In mammals this is called stereotypical behaviour or
deprivation.
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
26. Maternal nipple deprivation
and relationship to child abuse
• When investigating a case of young
infant child abuse, damage to the
surrounding area of the mouth and the
oral cavity is made to inspect for tissue
damage from a forced feeding-bottle or
forced dummy .
• This type of aggression towards the
young infant cannot happen with
breastfeeding.
