1. Laura Maria Másmela gil
University medicine student
lll semester
January 23, 2012

2. FOLDING

3. FOLDING

4. INTRODUCTION
A novel technique has
been developed and
demonstrated at Penn
State to map the proteins
that read and regulate
chromosomes
An international team of
microbiologists led by
Indiana University
researchers has identified
a new bacterial growth
process , one that occurs
at a single end or pole of
the cell instead of uniform

5. PART A
IMPORTANT
GENE-
REGULATION
PROTEINS
PINPOINTED
BY NEW
METHOD
ScienceDaily (Jan. 18, 2012)

6. PART B
IMPORTANT GENE-REGULATION PROTEINS PINPOINTED BY NEW
METHOD
•The new technique
precisely pinpoints their
location, and has the
potential to take high
resolution snapshots of
proteins as they regulate or
miss regulate an entire
genome.
ScienceDaily (Jan. 18, 2012)

7. PART C
IMPORTANT GENE-REGULATION PROTEINS PINPOINTED BY NEW
METHOD
The research process began by their using a molecular tool
called an exonuclease to remove DNA that is not bound by
one of the gene-regulating proteins. They then determined the
nucleotide sequence for each of the remaining protein-bound
DNA bundles.
This technique is known as CHIP-EXO
ScienceDaily (Jan. 18, 2012)

8. IMPORTANT GENE-REGULATION PROTEINS PINPOINTED BY NEW
PART D METHOD
Technique CHIP-EXO
Reduce any binding site single
nucleotide THROUGH million nucleotides of the genomes.
provides an unprecedented view of how genes are
regulated.
is a low-noise technique that reveals two to five
times more binding sites, which provides a much
more complete picture of the genes that are
regulated by a particular protein, and a greater
understanding of
their structural organization across genomes .
ScienceDaily (Jan. 18, 2012)

9. IMPORTANT GENE-REGULATION PROTEINS
PINPOINTED BY NEW METHOD
PERSONAL COMMENT
Its important know about the gene-regulation proteins,
because this allows to determine the different type of cells,
and a better picture of how the gene pathways work in
the normal development of the human body and when a
pathology exist.
ScienceDaily (Jan. 18, 2012)

10. PART A
POLAR
GROWTH AT
THE
BACTERIAL
SCALE
REVEALS
POTENTIAL
NEW TARGETS
FOR
ANTIBIOTIC
THERAPY.
ScienceDaily (Jan. 17, 2012)

11. PART B
Based on past detailed studies of rod-
shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli
and Bacillus subtilis, it has been assumed
that most bacteria grow by binary fission,
a dispersed mode of growth involving
insertion of new cell wall material
uniformly along the long axis of the cell.
Growth requires breaking the cell wall at
numerous places along the cylinder to
allow insertion of new cell wall material,
enabling uniform elongation of the cell,
with the process culminated by cleavage
at the mid-point of the cell to create two
symmetric new cells.
ScienceDaily (Jan. 17, 2012)

12. PART C
Outer membrane proteins of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens
cell were labeled in red, with images taken every 50 minutes
as the cell grew. In panels three and four it is clear that the
cell on the left (red) has kept all the labeled proteins, whereas
the other cell has all new surface proteins.
Credit: Image courtesy of Indiana University
ScienceDaily (Jan. 17, 2012)

13. PART D ScienceDaily (Jan. 17, 2012)
using time-lapse microscopy and transmission electron microscopy was
observed using four species of bacteria
Polar growth of four bacterial species , the plant symbiont Sinorhizobium
meliloti, the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the human
pathogens Brucella abortus and Ochrobactrum anthropi
these bacteria are members of a class of bacteria called the
Alphaproteobacteria.
the results show that polar growth is present in different types of
bacteria including types that are outside the
classroomalphaproteobacteria.

14. POLAR GROWTH AT THE BACTERIAL SCALE REVEALS
POTENTIAL NEW TARGETS FOR ANTIBIOTIC
THERAPY.
PERSONAL COMMENT
This process of bacterial growth is important because from
the molecular biology scientist can do some procedures,
the objective is improve the clinical practice , from study
cellular method and antibacterial strategies to therapies
with organs, systems, and whole human body, preventing
diseases.
ScienceDaily (Jan. 17, 2012)

15. M
E
D
I
C
A
L
U
T
I
L
I
T
Y

16. MEDICAL UTILITY
the study of
molecular
structures facilitate
better
understanding of
medicine in
their practice.

17. MEDICAL UTILITY
investigations allow this type
of progress in medical treatment,
as both take preventive
measures on the development of
some diseases caused by specific
characteristics of the organisms
that had never been explored in
detail. these studies promote
better health in the human
population.

18. MEDICAL UTILITY
gene regulatory proteins polar growth of bacteria
allows a more complete vision of antibiotic therapy allowed.
the normal and abnormal
human development in the disease
PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION

19.  Important Gene-Regulation Proteins Pinpointed by New
Method.sciencedaily.2012,january 18, from
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/1201181
32330.htm
 Polar Growth at the Bacterial Scale Reveals Potential New
Targets for Antibiotic Therapy.sciencedaily.2012,january
17, from
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/1201171
91421.htm
 MARTINEZ S. LINA MARIA, Biología molecular. 6 ed.
Medellin; UPB.fac. de medicina 2011, p 10-14;42-55.

20. T
H
A
N
K
S