The Gnowsis Semantic Desktopapproach to Personal InformationManagement - Dissertation defence talk

The Gnowsis Semantic Desktop
approach to Personal Information
Management
Weaving the Personal Semantic Web
Dissertation Talk

Leo Sauermann
leo.sauermann@dfki.de
http://www.dfki.de/~sauermann/

Overview

• Research Background
• Vision: Semantic Desktop
• Building the Semantic Desktop
• Evaluation
• Results
• Outlook and Open Questions

08.06.2009 Semantic Desktop for PIM 3

Background

www.flickr.com/photos/wonderferret/1447024668


The knowledge worker’s problem
Meet in
Belfast

• The need to know more
than you can remember.
“On 21st March we meet in
Belfast with the partners of the
CID project.
I need to prepare slides and talk
with my colleague Dirk.

Claudia Stern, knowledge worker


Personal Space of Information
the CID
• around ~20.000 files project

in ~4.000 folders
in many applications and formats
• Hard-disk space grows the same
rate as information grows

files emails contacts
Documents Inbox Claudia Stern
Papers Todo Dirk Hagemann
Projects SAP Klaus Nord
CID CID-proj
Research Karlsruhe


The human user bears the burden
to hold everything together
Organising a meeting involves the whole
personal space of information
E-Mails … organize Meeting Time Schedule
in Belfast …

“On 21st March we meet in
Belfast with the partners of
the CID project.
Meeting Presentations
I need to prepare slides and
talk with my colleague Dirk.


Research: Semantic Web
Framework for resource description, applicable
across application and domain boundaries.

• ontologies representing information?
• architecture integrate! databases!
identification
Dirk Hageman =
outlook://contact/000000009C998B6AFC07904AAAEC310F168000F6A4012000


Research: Personal Information Management
PIM defined as the management of data in the
personal information space as performed by the
owning individual.

• tasks filing, finding, thinking.
• solutions cross-application!


Objectives



Contribution
create a software architecture model for the
Semantic Desktop and evaluate how it can
improve Personal Information Management

• Ontology to represent Information
• Services to support Management
• Interfaces for the Person


Building the Semantic
Desktop



The Personal Information Model PIMO
Ontologies
Person
• represents The CID
Project
Topic Project

personal mental model Management
Document

• formal: classes, concepts, Claudia
CID CID slides

relations in RDFS Belfast
Person Dirk
• documents, e- Location

mails, websites are
Files E-Mails Contacts
“tagged” with concepts
Papers Todo Dirk Hagemann
CID CID-proj
Research Karlsruhe
Data

is a Relation Annotation

PIMO - a Framework for Representing Personal Information Models
Sauermann, van Elst, Dengel (2007)
http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sauermann/papers/sauermann+2007b.pdf


Services
• Local desktop semantic web server.
• Personal services for individual user.
Topic Project

Document
Management

CID CID slides
Claudia

Karlsruhe
Person Dirk
Location


Semantic Applications

Navigation Personal Wiki Resource Tagging Application Plugins

web interfaces

Domain
Gnowsis Ontologies Personal
RDF Store Data
Server Outlook
Wrapper
User Context User Interface PIMO Store
Outlook
Desktop Search PIMO Resource Store

Similarity Personal Wiki Configuration Store Files
filesystem
Service Store
Tagging
e-mail e-mail
Text Index
server


Applications



Miniquire Sidebar
Search

PIMO Ontology
viewer and editor

Filtering

keeping orientation


PIMO Thing Editor
Relations
wiki name = short to other things
unique name for
things

semantic wiki text
Link to filesystem,
email, outlook
entry,
anything
integrated through
Aperture.sf.net

Text-Attributes:
key/value pairs for
datatype attributes

Application: Drop Box
A new document needs to be filed
PIMO of Claudia
• simply store in Drop-Box folder doc: Project: CID,
… CID, Dirk = Person: Dirk
• files are text-analysed and …
possible target folders
are suggested
• user sees suggestions
• user selects a folder, classify
• files are moved and classified
• Learns from the user

Sauermann, L.; Grimnes, G.A.; Kiesel, M.; Fluit, C.; Maus, H.; Heim, D.;
Nadeem, D.; Horak, B. & Dengel, A.
Semantic Desktop 2.0: The Gnowsis Experience
ISWC 2006


Services: Drop Box

Drop Box

4 6 1

Gnowsis Personal
RDF Store Data
Server
Wrapper
PIMO Store
7 3 2
Resource Store

Similarity Files
filesystem

5 Tagging
Lucene Index


Evaluation



Evaluation Studies
• Expectation interviews
• Usability evaluation of personal semantic wikis
• Long-term study of PIM behavior
• Increasing search quality in proposal management
• Implementation and deployment


Expectation Questionnaire
• How does the Semantic Desktop differ from
current state?

Method
• Interviews with 22 knowledge workers, 2h
• Current PIM and needs interview
• Demo and tutorial of semantic desktop on
participants computer
• Benefit interview

Needs: Importance-Satisfaction Index
high

low high


After: Benefit for Areas

Persons are used in
folder names,
person categories in
address book were not
used.


Usability & Usefulness Evaluation
• Preliminary work: two studies 2005 to warm up
• July 2006: two month study with 8 participants
– age 25-40, 1 female, all DFKI, 6 in our lab
– 2 Students, 6 researchers, all knowledge workers
• Procedure
– Installation
– team approach: weekly meetings
– contextual interview

Morse, E.L: Evaluation Methodologies for Information Management Systems
D-Lib Magazine, 2002


2006 Results
• Expectation Questionnaire:
– power users: most uses wikis before, half desktop search
• Good/Bad/most used
– type-ahead function in wiki was a winner
– Miniquire, Thing Editor, DnD, Starring, installer
– Bad: Switching between web wiki frontend and Java
Swing application
– Software bugs cut away half of the study (email)
– Said they liked wiki, dropbox, but did not use much
• Ontology work
– did scarcely create classes
– used for project and event management, note keeping
• Benefits and drawbacks of software. But why?

2008 Long-Term behavior
• 2 users: KM workers, 2 years usage
• For what did you use it?
• Contextual inquiry
• Procedure
– video recorded contextual interview
– warm up questions “For what did you use it last?”
– do a task, talk aloud
• Cross-validate against logfile.


Supports Orienteering Behavior
• “users go somewhere, look around, know where
they are, go on”

Filtering

Long-term users stopped
using web-search interface

keeping orientation

Teevan, J.; Alvarado, C.; Ackerman, M.S. & Karger, D.R.
The perfect search engine is not enough: a study of orienteering behavior in directed search
CHI 2004, pp.415-422


DropBox and Wiki intensively used
• meeting notes, brainstorming,
link collections, literature reviews
• repurposing:
“using wiki as task-list replacement”
• DropBox
– 386 and 149 times, allowed multi-tagging and fast
filing
• Wiki
– 288 instances with 92 pages
– 959 instances with 148 pages

Implementation and Deployment
• Architecture model is implemented and
provides the features for PIM.
• Aperture framework used in commercial
applications 12.121 downloads

• Architecture adopted by KDE 4.0 as part of a
mainstream operating system.
In deployment to ~4 mio users


Interpretation

A little semantics goes a long way CID CID slides

• The Semantic Desktop improves
typical PIM activities

– assisted filing
– orienteering for finding
– wiki for thinking


Outlook



Open Research threads
• Automatic model generation
Files E-Mails Contacts
Management
Papers Todo Dirk Hagemann CID CID slides
CID CID-proj
Claudia
Research Karlsruhe Dirk Karlsruhe

• Exchange within social groups

• Integration with the Semantic Web


Summary
create a software architecture model for
the Semantic Desktop and evaluate how
it can improve Personal Information Management

• Ontology, services, and applications for PIM
• Deployment in NEPOMUK and KDE 4.0
• End-user studies showed usefulness
Topic Project

Document
Management

CID CID slides
Claudia

Karlsruhe
Person Dirk
Location


</SemanticDesktop>
</rdf:RDF>
Thanks to
Andreas Dengel EU IST funding NEPOMUK Man Luo
Anja Jentzsch Florian Sentry Mittag Mark Siebert
Ansgar Bernardi Francesco Lelli Martin Klinkigt
Antoni Mylka Frank Osterfeld Mehdi Jazayeri
Benjamin Adrian Georg Paul Thomann Michael Sintek
BMB+F funding EPOS God and Jesus Moritz Plößl
BMUKK Studien- Gunnar Gromgull Grimnes
who rocks as hard as 300 spartans
Pierre Smits
abschlussstipendium Günther Noak Ralf Biedert
Christine und Wolfgang Heiko Maus Rósa Gudjónsdóttir
Sauermann Ingrid Brunner-Sauermann Sebastian Trüg
Daniel Bahls Jeen Broekstra Stefan Decker
Daniel Burkhart Kicki Groth Sven Schwarz
Danish Nadeem Kinga Schumacher Thomas Roth-Berghofer
DFKI GmbH Lars Zapf Tim Berners-Lee
Dominik Heimwege Heim Ludger Van Elst
Emmanuel Gasne Malte Kiesel

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