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Technology Mediated Socialization for Children with Autism, Advancement to PhD Candidacy Talk
- 1. Technology Mediated Socialization for Children with Autism Kathryn E. Ringland Department of Informatics University of California, Irvine Committee: Gillian Hayes (Chair), Rebecca Black, Mimi Ito, Josh Tanenbaum, & Tom Boellstorff 1
- 3. Children and New Media 3
- 4. Children with Disabilities and Media 4
- 5. Autism 5
- 6. Research Question How does technology support and mediate social interactions for children with autism? 6
- 7. Overview Background Case 1: SensoryPaint Case 2: Autcraft Wrap Up & Future Work 7
- 8. Assistive Technology supports those with disabilities 8
- 11. Sensory Processing Therapy integrate senses gain body-awareness adapt to the environment 11
- 12. 12
- 13. 13
- 14. SensoryPaint: Methods lab study (USA) 15 boys, age 10-14 one time use - each mode in randomized order 14
- 15. SensoryPaint: Methods deployment study 4 boys, age 4-12 3 weeks (1 mode per week) 15
- 16. Results Interaction Modes Attention & Engagement Body Awareness & Motor Functioning Sensory Skills Socialization 16 Kathryn E. Ringland, Rodrigo Zalapa, Megan Neal, Lizbeth Escobedo, Monica Tentori, and Gillian R. Hayes. 2014. SensoryPaint: A Multimodal Sensory Intervention for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, ACM, 873–884.
- 17. Results Interaction Modes Attention & Engagement Body Awareness & Motor Functioning Sensory Skills Socialization 17 “We draw a circle around the child [to redirect the child’s attention] towards the screen, and to model how to draw. A child will later imitate us and start drawing.” (Jana, psychologist, deployment study)
- 18. Results Interaction Modes Attention & Engagement Body Awareness & Motor Functioning Sensory Skills Socialization 18 “It was pretty fun. [I like] all of it actually.” (Tim, laboratory study) “Nope, [I didn’t like SensoryPaint]. I like throwing balls.” (Andrew, laboratory study)
- 19. Results Interaction Modes Attention & Engagement Body Awareness & Motor Functioning Sensory Skills Socialization 19 “It’s really eye-hand coordination. You have to look and throw. That’s the hard part.” (Tim, laboratory study)
- 20. Results Interaction Modes Attention & Engagement Body Awareness & Motor Functioning Sensory Skills Socialization 20 “What was noticeable is that he improved his sensory skills. For example, now he tolerates more smells that he used to dislike…” (Lilo, parent, deployment study)
- 21. Results Interaction Modes Attention & Engagement Body Awareness & Motor Functioning Sensory Skills Socialization 21 “Yeah, whenever you’re angry, you can just like scribble… You would do it as hard as you can and you would calm down.” (Greg, laboratory study)
- 22. Results Interaction Modes Attention & Engagement Body Awareness & Motor Functioning Sensory Skills Socialization 22 “[SensoryPaint would] be a lot more fun with other people, because they actually do different things.” (Phillip, laboratory study)
- 23. What other ways can technology help mediate socialization? 23
- 25. 25
- 26. Autcraft “[the] first Minecraft server dedicated to providing a safe, fun and learning environment for children on the autism spectrum and their families” (Autcraft website) 26
- 27. Ethnography 27
- 28. Demographics 28 Ages 6+ Preteens, teens diagnosed with autism Allies - friends, advocates Parents
- 29. My Avatar in Autcraft 29
- 30. Methods Participant observations in virtual world Interviews Analysis of in-world chat, forum posts, Facebook page & website 30
- 31. Analysis 31
- 32. Research Questions What is Autcraft and why do children with autism play there? How are children with autism engaging in the Autcraft space? General interest in exploring sociality among Autcraft community members. 32
- 33. Field Notes 33
- 34. Office 34
- 35. Results Kathryn E. Ringland, Christine T. Wolf, Lynn Dombrowski, and Gillian R. Hayes. 2015. Making “Safe”: Community- Centered Practices in a Virtual World Dedicated to Children with Autism. Proceedings of the ACM 2015 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, ACM. Kathryn E. Ringland, Christine T. Wolf, Heather Faucett, Lynn Dombrowski, and Gillian R. Hayes. 2016. “Will I always be not social?”: Re-Conceptualizing Sociality in the Context of a Minecraft Community for Autism. Proceedings of ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016. 35
- 36. 36
- 37. (Online) Bullying All of these people were telling the same stories, about how their children were bullied on every server they tried. Even on XBox, where you can only play with people you add as a "friend"... it was [nonstop] bullying. Either killing them all the time, stealing their things, destroying everything [they] build. (founder, blog) 37
- 38. Beyond Avoiding Risk We want [this server] to be a safe, happy, comfortable place for all our players to enjoy no matter what they're afraid of or who they're talking to. (Autcraft website) 38
- 39. Virtual World Modifications item protection home property protection “safe” zones 39
- 40. 40
- 41. Rule Enforcers – Administrators Adults who co-own the virtual world Full access to all virtual world software Ability to mute & jail users Ability to kick players off the server Ability to view all private messages sent by users 41
- 42. Rue Enforcers – Senior Helpers Adult volunteers Ability to mute & jail users Ability to view all private messages sent between users 42
- 43. Rule enforcers – Junior Helpers “Jr. Helpers – Always helpful. Helpers are picked because they help others and they help the community. They also follow the rules. The [administrators] are always watching. Don’t ask to become a helper. We will ask you when we think you are ready.” – message to all players 43
- 45. Rule Enforcement <(JrHelper) bb1135> matt_awesome please stop <matt_awesome> Ok sorry <matt_awesome> I just told about the rules <cryptic1200> we wouldn't want autistic people to breed, obviously... <cryptic1200> that was sarcasm <matt_awesome> Listen to bb1 <(SrHelper) GlovedPlayer> Hey, Cryptic, that's not the point and it's a mean thing to say, even if you're joking :/ 45 *all player names are pseudonyms
- 46. Balancing Risks Online risks – inappropriate content, bullying Risks in rule enforcement – not allowing children to learn and grow through risk taking 46
- 48. Welcoming New Players <CHAT> slithytove joined the game. <CHAT> Hello slithytove!! Welcome to Autcraft Spawn! <------------=[Autcraft]=---------------> <CHAT> Welcome, slithytove! <CHAT> Welcome slithytove to AutCraft! <(Donator) MuffinMadness> Welcome <KnightofAwesome> Hello slithytove <(SrHelper)ParentMiner> hi tove :) <mathman> Howdy tove. <(YouTube) piratescurse> welcome slithytove 48
- 49. Gift Giving 49
- 50. Gift Giving Another child gave [my son] gifts today and he was shocked. A little while later he said to me, ‘I didn’t really want to, but I gave some gifts away to others. It makes me want to give things to people.’ It is a new thing for him to want to share. 50
- 51. Gift Giving 51
- 52. Searching For & Finding Community “…so today i was thinking about how much i have been bullied and how many friends ditched me. so i need some advice on how to make friends plz help thx guys” (forums) 52
- 53. Searching For & Finding Community “people would swear call me names break my builds etc…becuz i am defrent… i didnt relize people would be mean about [the username]… and i liked the name… theres other people on here [Autcraft] with *autism* or *Autistic* in there names…Yeah... thats another reason i am happy to have [autism]” (in-world interview) 53
- 54. Searching For & Finding Community “I guess that’s what Autcraft is for, meeting people who go through the same thing as you, so you don’t feel alone?” (forum) 54
- 55. Defining Sociality “So, I don’t ever [socialize]. The only way i am social is online. I never hang out with my family or do anything. The only time i come out of my room is if we watch a family movie, i play baseball we go for a car ride or i go to work. Other than that i am in my room 24/7 on PC, YouTube text etc. Anyone else like this? Will i always be not social :( I really want to be social but its hard D:” (forum) 55
- 56. Defining Sociality “Even being on [Autcraft] is social.” (forums) 56
- 57. Defining Sociality “I love being a member of the [Autcraft] community and love spending time with my 'family' here. …finally just felt like I found a place that I fit in. A place I was accepted for being shy … and just being "different" than others. ... Most of my life I've never felt like I fit in anywhere and never could make friends my age. Here--it doesn't matter where I live, my age, how shy and/or anti-social i can be at times, that I have anxiety over really weird things, or that I can talk too much--I'm accepted.” (directed forums) 57
- 58. Creating Community Online “Well, the day is coming to a close… Autcraft’s 2nd birthday. I have been up for a very long time but we did 4 epic community dragon fights, shared tons of great memories, and had lots of fun partying in the ballroom on the server.” (Facebook) 58
- 59. Creating Community Online “I've heard from parents that told me that they were able to see their children interacting with others in the videos. They loved to see their kids having fun! Another parent told me that her son saw himself in one of the videos and he couldn't stop talking about what a great day it was.” (Facebook) 59
- 60. Creating Community Online “…I am still feeling really great [about the event] because even though they were just words on the screen, I could see the happiness in so many people today. They had the time of their lives. And so, I did too.” (Facebook) 60
- 61. Creating Community Online “i sometimes ask others to help me… [Usually] i would show them a picture on how to build it and we pick either get the items or start the build… i usually let them start because i am not the best builder” (in- world interview) 61
- 62. Creating Community Online “…while building that village I met this friend…and to this day he is still my friend…” (directed forums) 62
- 63. A Community Redefining Sociality does anyone want to mine with me 63
- 64. Discussion situated within larger context of technology use 64
- 65. Discussion situated within larger context of technology use rules and scaffolding by both technology and people support social play 65
- 66. Discussion situated within larger context of technology use rules and scaffolding by both technology and people support social play multiple stakeholders, multiple experiences 66
- 67. Methods I've Employed 67 SensoryPaint Autcraft DanceCraft Experiments x Qualitative Data Collection & Analysis x x Digital Ethnography x Design x
- 68. Future Work - Social Play How does the case of autism defamiliarize physical embodiment and make virtual embodiment seem like the more "natural" experience? How does friendship and social play in a virtual world affect the rest of a player’s life (e.g., at home, in school)? How does Minecraft, as a creative space, support social play? 68