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L r &T ching eaning ea Vocabulary m n R A J U“Words are one of our chief means of adjusting to all the situations of life.” - Bergen Evans

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C hoos e Four mnRAJU

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Name Game Think of an adjective beginning with the first letter of your name to describe yourself. Introduce yourself to others using that adjective. (e.g., I am Raju. I am Rational.) Remember the adjectives others use to describe themselves. Introduce two or three colleagues to class. mnRAJU

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What Do You E xpect to Learn? ?  Object AspirAtion Limit  Intent Disposition Mark Schema  Desire  Aim  Plan mnRAJU

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You will learn . . . What is a word? Why learn more words? How many words does one need? Which words to learn? What does ‘knowing a word’ mean? Vocabulary learning strategies Vocabulary Games/Activities/Tips Technical words mnRAJU

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What is a WORD?“A unit of language, consisting of one ormore spoken sounds or their writtenrepresentation, that functions as aprincipal carrier of meaning.”  one or more morphemes/phonemes  smallest unit for independent use  separated by spaces in writing mnRAJU

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Why learn more words ?  to meet our needs  to communicate effectively  to build thoughts  to understand ideas  to contribute to human knowledge“The more words you know, the more clearly and powerfully you will think and the more ideas you will invite into your mind.” - Wilfred Funk mnRAJU

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How many words to learn? Lexemic frequency dictionaries o 80% of occurrences by only 20% of words 1,000 words for a basic conversation 2,000 words to survive through the day 8,000 words to converse with a European 15,000 word families for university studies mnRAJU

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Which Words to Learn? New KnownImportant Not-so-importantProductive Receptivecan recall & use can only comprehendin speech & writing while reading & listening mnRAJU

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NIP Words mnRAJU

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Knowing a Word means . .. mnRAJU

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S pellingSpell these words right?anamolous, asbestas, boyancy, celcius, dessicant, equalibrium, farenheat, ossilation, sextent, saizmic, viscoscity, mathmatics, umblical card, sacreligious anomalous, asbestos, buoyancy, Celsius, desiccant, equilibrium, Fahrenheit, oscillation, sextant, seismic, viscosity, mathematics, umbilical cord, sacrilegious mnRAJU

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Is S pelling Important? mnRAJU

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Is S pelling Important? Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs!cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht Iwas rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid,aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, itdeosn’t mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are,the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteersbe in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses andyou can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm.Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed erveylteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig, huh?Yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt! mnRAJU

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Is S pelling Important?The amount of grammer and usege arrow’s today isshaking. Not to menshun speling. If I was a teecher,I’d feel badly that less and less students seam toundestand the baysic principals of good righting.Niether the oldest high school students nor theyoungest kindergartner know prepare usege. Astewdent offen thinks they can depend on wordprocesing programs to corect they’re errors.Know way! We should tale are childrun to study hardlike we did at they’re edge and to watch less TV thenthere glassmates. mnRAJU

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Tips to Learn S pelling 1. Make the effort 2. Look closely/photo memory 3. Memorize 4. Write/type the words 5. List your difficult words 6. Use mnemonics 7. Keep a notebook mnRAJU

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PronunciationSay these words right?adhesion, clothes, language, development, espresso, forte, parentheses, suite, vehicle, knowledge engineer, jewelry, asterisk, routine, adjective, genuine /ædhiʒən/, /kloʊðz/, /læŋgwɪdʒ/, /dɪvɛləpmənt/, /ɛsprɛsoʊ/, /fɔrteɪ/, /pərɛnθəsɪz/, /swit/, /viɪkəl/, /nɒlɪdʒ/, /ɛndʒənɪər/, /dʒuəlri/, /æstərɪsk/, /rutin/, /ædʒɪktɪv/, /dʒɛnyuɪn/ mnRAJU

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Tips to LearnPronunciation • Distinguish • Drill • Drill • Drill • Drill mnRAJU

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GrammarIdentify the action verbs in this passage?My cell phone rang almost immediately after I walked into the class and started the lesson. I had forgotten to switch it off. Let me silence it now. Will you also please put your phones in silent mode? rang, walked, started, had forgotten, switch off, silence, will put mnRAJU

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Teaching words - Techniques Definition  Mime Translation  Pictures Examples  Realia Context  Pictogram Meaning Relation mnRAJU

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Definition mnRAJU

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Trans lation mnRAJU

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E xamples /C ontext mnRAJU

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Meaning Relation mnRAJU

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Word Learning S trategies -1 Discover Words Love words Increased exposure to English Intentional/incidental learning Guess from contextual clues Use the dictionary/thesaurus Ask someone mnRAJU

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C ontextual C luesRather than be involved in clandestine meetings, they dideverything quite openly.The girl who used to be very vociferous doesnt talk muchanymore.Pedagogical institutions, including high schools,kindergartens, and colleges, require community support tofunction efficiently.He was so parsimonious that he refused to give his ownsons the few pennies they needed to buy pencils forschool. It truly hurt him to part with his money. mnRAJU

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Us e a Dictionary Explore a word that comes to your mind mnRAJU

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Us e a Thes aurusTwo trucks loaded with thousands of copies of RogetsThesaurus collided as they left a New York publishinghouse last Thursday, according to the Associated Press.Witnesses were aghast, amazed, astonished,astounded, bemused, benumbed, bewildered,confounded, confused, dazed, dazzled, disconcerted,disoriented, dumbstruck, electrified, flabbergasted,horrified, immobilized, incredulous, nonplussed,overwhelmed, paralyzed, perplexed, scared, shocked,startled, stunned, stupified, surprised, taken aback,traumatized, upset. . . . mnRAJU

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Learn to A s k?“What’s the English word for ___?”“How do you say____ in English?”“What does ____ mean in Hindi?”“Is it a kind of _____ ?”“Is it like a _____ ?” mnRAJU

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Word Learning S trategies -2 Remember Words Use imagery Use meaning relations Use word parts Mnemonics mnRAJU

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Pictograms & Word Pictures mnRAJU

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S ynonyms & A ntonymsWrite S for Synonyms; A for Antonyms & U for Unrelated:1 abridge - curtail 7 archive - format2 satiated - reverse 8 random - hungry3 surfeit - paucity 9 ennui - boredom4 clemency - mercy 10 fuse - mingle5 tacit - explicit 11 random - precise6 zenith - rain 12 finite - rigid mnRAJU

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Homonyms Distinguish the following pairs of words:Affect - Effect Industrial -IndustriousDesert - Dessert Loose - LoseElicit - Illicit Rise – RaiseFarther – Further Sensitive - SensibleHoard – Horde Tortuous - TorturousIts – It’s Waver - Waiver mnRAJU

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HomophonesFind homophones for each of these words:Allowed Grown Mail SteelBirth Heard Nose TaleCeiling Idle One VeilDear Jewel Peace WasteEarn Know Quarts WhatFour Loan Red Yolk mnRAJU

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More Word Relations Acronym Hypernym Aptronym Hyponym Contranym Pseudonym Autonym Tautonym Bacronym Metonym capitonym Meronym mnRAJU

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C ollocationWhich words go with which verb?things, sure, difference, nothing, sense, decision, mistakes, well, homework, job, something, money, whatever, judgments, gardening, work, mistake, copies, effort, anything Make Do sure money things something a difference judgments nothing whatever sense mistake well gardening a decision copies homework work mistakes effort a job anything mnRAJU

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Root WordsMatch the root words with their meanings: Root Meaning anthrop year bell short arthro color chrom war vit believe cred joint brev life ann human http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English mnRAJU

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Mnemonics• The manners of articulation: Stop Fooling Around Now, Learn Good Voicing Stop, Fricative, Affricate, Nasal, Liquid, Glide, Vowel• Argument or arguement? Argument loses an ‘e’.• Color Combinations Better Get Ready When Your Mistress Comes Back Primary colors - Blue, Green, Red = White Secondary colors - Yellow, Magenta, Cyan = Black• Planets in order of distance from sun My very easy method: just set up nine planets. mnRAJU

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Word Learning S trategies -3 Practise Words Written repetition Spoken repetition Word lists Vocabulary notebooks Create meaningful sentences Link to personal experience mnRAJU

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Word A s s ociation Remember as many as you canNine Swap Cell Ring LustPlugs Lamp Apple Table SwayArmy Bank Fire Hold WormClock Horse Color Baby SwordDesk Hold Find Bird Rock mnRAJU

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Word A s s ociation Remember as many as you canHorse Cat Dog Fish BirdOrange Yellow Blue Green BlackTable Chair Desk Stool BedIn Out With On OfApple Melon Banana Grape Mango mnRAJU

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Word Learning S trategies -4 Master Words Set word learning goals Make conscious effort Test yourself Review repeatedly Devote specific time mnRAJU

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Word Games - C ros s word mnRAJU

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Word Games - A nagramsUnscramble these words:monday rdecaaytrmgoee rusivaccioust yribnaadegnr hammcnsei mnRAJU

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Send your comments to lionnagaraju@in.com This slideshow is available atwww.authorstream.com/tag/lionnagaraju www.slideshare.net/lionnagaraju mnRAJU

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Send SMSJOIN mnRAJU to92195 92195 mnRAJU