As Digital Still Cameras (DSC) become smaller, cheaper and higher in resolution, photographs are increasingly prone to blurring from shaky hands. Optical image stabilization (OIS) is an effective solution that addresses the quality of images, and is an idea that has been around for at least 30 years. It has only recently made its way into the low-cost consumer camera market, and will soon be migrating to the higher end camera phones. This paper provides an overview of common design practices and considerations for optical image stabilization and how silicon-based MEMS dual-axis gyroscopes with their size, cost and performance advantages are enabling this vital function for image capturing devices

1. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The Silent Sound Technology is an amazing solution for those who had lost their voice but wish to
speak over mobile phone. It is a technology that helps to transmit information without using vocal
cords. IT detects every lip movement and internally converts the electrical pulses into sound signal
and sends them by neglecting all other surrounding noise. Hence person on other end of phone
receives the information in audio. Developed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
(KIT) and expected in the next 5-10 years. Once launched, will have drastic effect and with no doubt,
will widely used. Silent speech technology enables speech communication to take place when an
audible acoustic sound signal is unavailable. By acquiring sensor data from elements of the human
speech production process from the articulators, their neural pathways, or the brain itself it produces
a digital representation of speech can be synthesized directly, interpreted as data, or routed into a
communication network.
Sound Technology is technology for mobile phone that helps you communicate in noisy places too.
It is a technology that helps to reduce noise pollution to a great extent. The uses of this technology
are immense for people who are vocally challenged or have been rendered mute due to accident. IN
the year 2010 CeBIT’s “Future Park”, a concept Silent Sound Technology demonstrated which aims
to notice every movement of lips and transforms them into sounds. This new technology will be very
helpful whenever a person loses his voice, while speaking to make silent calls without disturbing
others, and even when we want to tell our PIN number to trusted friend or relative without having
other person to listen it secretly. At the other end, the listener can hear a clear voice. Another
important benefit is that it can be translated into any language of user’s choice. This translation
works for many languages like English, French, & German. But for the languages like chines is
difficult because different tones can hold many different meanings.

2. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 2
CHAPTER 2
NEED FOR SILENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY
Silent Sound Technology will put an end to embarrassed situation such as:
 Whenever you are talking in a cell phone in a crowd, then actually you are “not talking”,
because of lots of disturbances and noise around us.
 In the case of an urgent call in a meeting, apologetically rushing out of the room in order to
answer or call the person back.
Humans are capable of producing and understanding whispered speech in quite
environments at a silent remarkably low signal levels. Most peoples can understand a few words
which are unspoken, by lip reading. The idea of interpreting silent speech electronically or with a
computer has been around for a long time, and was popularized in the 1968 Stanley Kubrick science
fiction film “2011 –A Space Odyssey”, A major focal point was the DARPA Advanced Speech
Encoding Program (ASE) of the early 2000’s, which funded researches on low bit rate speech
synthesis “with acceptable intelligibility, quality and aural speaker recognizability in acoustically
harsh environments”.
Fig. 2.1 Common people talking at same place without disturbance

3. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 3
CHAPTER 3
METHODS OF SILENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY
Silent Sound Technology is processed through some ways or methods they are:
1. Electromyography
2. Image Processing (Ultrasound SSI)
3.1 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY:
 Silent Sound Technology uses electromyography, for monitoring tiny muscular movements
that occur when we speak.
 Monitored signals are converted into electrical pulses that can be converted electrical signal
with the help of transducers. And that can be turned into speech, without sound uttered.
 Electromyography [EMG] is a technique for evaluating and recording electrical activity
produced by skeletal muscles.
 Electromyography can be performed by using instrument called an “Electromyograph”, to
produce a record called an “Electromyogram”.
 An Electromyography detects the electrical potential generated by muscle cells, when these
cells are electrically or neurologically activated.
 Electromyography sensors attached to the face records the electrical signals produced by the
facial muscles, compare them with prerecorded signal pattern of spoken words.
 When there is a match that sounds is transmitted on to the other end of the line and person at
the other end listen to spoken words.
3.1.1 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY [EMG] PROCEDURE:
There are two types of Electromyography (EMG)
1. Surface Electromyography: It consist of four different kind of transducers they are
 Pressure sensor
 Motion sensor
 Vibration sensor
 Electromagnetic sensor

4. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 4
2. Intramuscular Electromyography: It consists of needle or an electrode containing two
fine wire electrodes is inserted through skin into muscle tissue. The insertion activity
provides valuable information about state of the muscle and innervating nerve.
Fig. 3.1.1 Electromyography sensors attached to the face and body
3.1.2 Basic Mechanism of Electromyography Signal Generation:
Basic mechanism of electromyography where the muscle activity is analyzed by the
Electromyograph to generate an Electromyogram.
 The Surface Electromyography [EMG] Sensors pressure, vibration, motion, electromagnetic
sensors are attached to the surface of the face and body.

5. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 5
 The Intramuscular Electromyography [EMG] consists of a needle or an electrode containing
two fine wires are inserted through skin into muscle tissue. It provides valuable information
about state of the muscle and innervating nerves.
Fig. 3.1.2 Electromyography [EMG] Signal Generation
 When there is movement in the muscle it generates an electrical pulse and transducers are
involved to convert electrical pulses into electrical signals.
 The electrical source is the muscle membrane potential of about -90 mV. Measured EMG
potential range between less than 50uV and up to 20 to 30mV.
 The electrical signals are amplified by using differential amplifier because it is having
common mode rejection ratio [CMMR] of about 120db and eliminates noise content in
electrical signal.
 The output of an differential amplifier is given to EMG device it consist of an analog to
digital converter, prerecorded database of Spoken words, and electrical signal to sound
converter.
 The analog electrical signal is converted into digital signal by sampling, quantizing, and
encoding.
 Then digital signal is compared with prerecorded signals pattern of spoken words.
 When there is match in that sound is transmitted on to the other end of line and person at
other end listen to spoken words.

6. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 6
3.2 IMAGE PROCESSING (ULTRASOUND SSI)
Another way to obtain direct information on the vocal tract configuration is via imaging technique.
Ultrasound imagery is a non-invasive and clinically safe procedure which makes the most possible
real-time visualization of one of the important articulators of speech production system- the tongue.
ULTRASOUND
It is a local oscillating sound pressure wave having frequency greater than upper limit of human
hearing range. Ultrasound is thus not separated from ‘normal’ (audible) sound by difference in
physical properties; only by fact humans cannot hear it. Although this limit varies from person to
person, it is approximately 20 KHz. In healthy adults. Ultra sound devices operate with frequencies
from 20 KHz to several gigahertzes. Range of sound signal as shown in fig. 3.2
Fig. 3.2 Range of Sound signals
3.2.1 SILENT SOUND INTERFACE (SSI) PROCEDURE:
 Silent Sound Interface consists of ultrasound transducer (probe), high resolution optical
camera, lip reader, silent vcoder as shown in Fig. 3.2.1
 Ultrasound transducer (probe) is placed beneath of the chin, can provide partial view of the
tongue surface.

7. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 7
Fig. 3.2.1 Silent Sound Interface using Image Processing (SSI)
 Ultrasound device is coupled with standard optical camera as shown in fig.3.2.1 is used to
capture tongue and lip movements. Because of its non-invasive property, clinically safety and
good resolution.
 The captured images of lip and tongue movement are given to lip reader.
 Lip reader detects the lip and tongue movements by comparing the earlier stored images of
the spoken words with the present images of lip and tongue movement.
 Where there is match in images of lip and tongue movements it generates a visual speech
signal.
 The generated visual speech signals are given to silent vcoder. It consists of an HMM based
visuo-phonetic decoder, audio visual selection unit, concatenation of the selected units, HNM
based prosodic adaptation.
 Silent Vcoder converts the visual speech signals into human spoken words (speech).

8. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 8
CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
4.1 ADVANTAGES
 Helping people who have lost their voice due to illness or accident.
 This technology helps to transmit information without using vocal cords. Who are suffering
from Aphasia (Speaking Disorder).
 We can make silent calls even if we are standing in crowded place.
 Allow the peoples to make silent calls without bothering others..
 Very good technology for noise cancellation technique.
 Very useful for sharing confidential information like secrete PIN number on cell phone at
public place.
4.2 DISADVATAGES
 It will be like always talking to a robot. Means differentiating between peoples and emotions
cannot be done.
 From security point of view recognizing who are talking to gets complicated.
 This technology will be very costly to a common man.
 This technology works in many languages of user’s choice like English, French, & German,
Etc. but languages like Chinese are difficult because different tones can hold different
meanings.

9. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 9
CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS
 Silent Sound Technology is applied in military for communicating secret/confidential matters
to others.
 As we know in Space there is no media for sound to travel therefore this technology can be
best utilized by astronauts.
 Helping people who have lost their voice due to illness or accident. Hence this technology
can be best utilized by dumb peoples.
 Since the electrical signals are universal they can be translated into any language. Native
speaker can translate it before sending it to other side. Hence it can be converted into any
languages of choice currently being German, English, & French.

10. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 10
CHAPTER 6
RESEARCH & FUTURE PROSPECTS
 Silent Sound Technology gives a bright future to speech recognition technology from simple
voice commands to memorandum dictated over the phone all this fairly possible in noisy
public places.
 In Electromyography, without having electrodes and sensors hanging all around your face,
these electrodes and sensors will incorporate in to cell phones.
 In Image Processing (ultrasound SSI) features like lip reading based on image recognition,
and image processing, these are also incorporated into cell phones rather than using
computers.
 Nano Technology will be a mentionable step towards device handy.

11. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 11
CONCLUSION
 Silent Sound Technology is one of the recent trends in the field of information technology
implements “TALKING WITHOUT TALKING”.
 It will be one of the innovation and useful technology and in mere future this technology will
be used in our day to day life.
 Silent Sound Technology aims to notice every movement of the lips and transforms them into
sounds, which could help people who have lost their voice due to illness or accident, and
allow the people to make silent calls without bothering others. Rather than making any
sounds.

12. Voice Conversion for Silent Sound Technology
Dept. of Electronics and Communication, HIT Nidasoshi 12
REFERENCES
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ISSN; 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4 (Version 9), April 2014.
2. Priya Jethani, Bharat choudhari, Silent Sound Technology A solution to noise communication
international Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) –Volume 9 Number 14
March 2014.
3. Shehjar safays, Kameshwar sharma, Silent Sound Technology – An End to Noisy
Communication, Speech communication Vol. 1, Issue 9, November 2013.
4. Hueber T, Benaroya E-L, Chollet G, Denby B, Dretfus G, Stone M. (2010). Development of
a Silent Speech Interface driven by Ultrasound and Optical images of the tongue and lips.
Speech Communication.
5. Denby B, Schult T, Honda K, Hueber T, Gilbert J.M., Brumberg J.s.(2010).Silent Speech
Interfaces. Speech communication.