You buy a bond for $1118 that pays $20 interest every 6 months- It wil.docx

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You buy a bond for $1118 that pays $20 interest every 6 months. It will reach maturity in 9 years at which time it will return its face value of $1000 plus the final $20 interest payment. What is the pre-tax annual rate of return on this bond? Estimate to 2 decimal places. Solution Yield to maturity=C+F-P/N -------------- F+P/2 A bond that pays 4.00% per year, that has a market value of $1,118.00, and that matures in 9 years will have a yield to maturity of 2.52 %and current yield=3.57%and Annual return=2.2%(total monies from bond=1360) .

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What are the issues involved in measurement in organizational development interventions? Solution Ownership and all involved personnel needed to be genuinely and visibly committed to the effort. People involved in OD have to be informed in advance of the nature of the intervention and the nature of their involvement in it. The OD effort has to be connected to other parts of the organization; this is especially true of such areas as the evaluation and reward systems. The effort has to be directed by appropriate managers and guided by change agents (which, if used, must be competent). The intervention should be based on accurate diagnosis of organizational conditions. Owners and managers should show their commitment to OD at all stages of the effort, including the diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation. Evaluation is key to success, and should consist of more than asking people how they felt about the effort. Owners and managers need to show employees how the OD effort relates to the organization\'s goals and overriding mission. .

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What are the key differences between Windows, Apple, and Linux? Solution Answer: Windows are user friendly in nature for any user it is easy to use and install the softwares also. Windows OS cannot be installed in Apple computers.The user interface of windows is easy to work with, and many difficult functions can be done with a small number of mouse clicks.Windows OS is easy to learn even for the people who are uneducated with in small amount of time.There exists multiple alternative softwares for each task to perform in windows operating systems. Linux have advantage of having low resource requirements. We can install softwares in a very much limited amounts in systems.Linux OS works on every type of computers except macintosh i.e Mac OS oriented computers.It is also very secured operating system compared to windows.The only disadvantage is linux operating system is difficult to use ,it is not GUI oriented and many commands need to be performed to get tasks to done,hence it is not user friendly.Sometimes it is difficult to remember all the commands to type and carry the operations. Apple computers are in built with the Mac OS.These are of very high budget cost compared to windows and linux operating systems.Cost is the only drawback of these computers since its hardware is of high configuration which is build.The Mac OS can only be installed in these computers and no other operating system work on these computers. .

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What are the implications of unstructured data to database design? Support your answer. Solution Unstructured data is usually not stored in a relational database (as traditionally defined) where the data model is relevant to the meaning of the data.It usually refers to information that doesn\'t reside in a traditional row-column database. Opposite of structured data â€” the data stored in fields in a database,unstructured data are hard to be arranged hence making it hard to manage. Unstructured data does not provide strong type and cannot be queried easily.On unstructured data, indexes on user-defined functions would need to be created, or extensible indexes would need to be defined. The Internet of things like social media, videos,emails, blogs, notes from call centers, and computer to computer communications produce massive amounts of unstructured data.They may have an internal structure, but they are still considered \"unstructured\" because the data they contain doesn\'t fit neatly in a database. .

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What are the income levels and infrastructure development of Mobius SLIP? Solution Social Leaning Solutions develops and provides a portfolio of cloud-based teaching and learning technology tools that engage students and instructors in social interaction and help build their competencies. The underlying principle of Social Learning Solutions is that any learning content (created by either instructors or students) has to be reviewed and evaluated by their peers and counterparts in order to determine the merit of the contribution and to provide developmental feedback. In other words, every actor in the learning environment may act as an author of content, as well as a reviewer and evaluator of the content created by others. Social Leaning Solutions portfolio includes three subsystems that facilitate workflows to support this collective action -- the Mobius SLIP (Social Learning in Peer Groups) student peer review system, the SLIDE (Social Learning Interactive Discussion and Evaluation) Discussion Board with voting, and the SLIM (Social Learning Idea Market) Library that facilitates peer review of teaching materials among instructors. One of these tools, Mobius SLIP is a modern, technology-enabled incarnation of the Socratic Method. This web-based Learning Management System (LMS) facilitates complex assignments and social learning interaction among students, encourages creativity, critical thinking, communication and collaboration, and delivers advanced performance analytics and assurance of learning. Mobius SLIP challenges the notion that only formally credentialed instructors are the sole carriers of knowledge and judges of .

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What are the four stages of John Dewey Solution For Dewey, learning was primarily an activity which arises from the personal experience of grappling with a problem. This concept of learning implied a theory of education far different from the dominant school practice of his day, when students passively received information that had been packaged and predigested by teachers and textbooks. Thus, Dewey argued, the schools did not provide genuine learning experiences but only an endless amassing of facts, which were fed to the students, who gave them back and soon forgot them. Dewey distinguished between the psychological and the logical organization of subject matter by comparing the learner to an explorer who maps an unknown territory. The explorer, like the learner, does not know what terrain and adventures his journey holds in store for him. He has yet to discover mountains, deserts, and water holes and to suffer fever, starvation, and other hardships. Finally, when the explorer returns from his journey, he will have a hard-won knowledge of the country he has traversed. Then, and only then, can he produce a map of the region. The map, like a textbook, is an abstraction which omits his thirst, his courage, his despairs and triumphs .

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What are the equilibrium concentrations? And how do you solve it? What are the equilibrium concentrations of [H]. [HCO3 ] and [CO32-] in a 0.100 M solution of carbonic acid at 25 °c? (K,i 4.45 x 10-7 and K -5.61 x 10-11) Solution H2CO3(aq) ---------> H^+ (aq) + HCO3^- (aq) I 0.1 0 0 C -x +x +x E 0.1-x +x +x Ka1 = [HCO3^-][H^+]/[H2CO3] 4.45*10^-7 = x*x/0.1-x 4.45*10^-7 *(0.1-x) = x^2 x = 0.00021 [HCO3] = x = 0.00021M [H^+] = x = 0.00021M HCO3^- (aq) ----------------> H^+ (aq) + CO3^2- (aq) Ka2 = [H^+][CO3^2-]/[HCO3^-] 5.61*10^-11 = 0.00021*[CO3^2-]/0.00021 [CO3^2-] = 5.61*10^-11 M .

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What are the essential outcomes of secure system retirement? Justify your position. (Cybersecurity) Solution Computer security , also known as cybersecurity or IT security , is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to thehardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption ormisdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as well as protecting against harm that may come via network access, data and code injection, and due to malpractice by operators, whether intentional,accidental, or due to thembeing tricked into deviating from secure procedures. The field is of growing importance due to the increasing reliance on computer systems in most societies [4] and the growth of\"smart\" devices, includingsmartphones, televisions and tiny devices as part of theInternet of Things â€“ and of the Internet and wireless network such as Bluetoothand Wi-Fi. Some organizations are turning to big data platforms, such as Apache Hadoop, to extend data accessibility and machine learning to detect advanced persistent threats. .

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What are the Disadvantages of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) to GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles)? Solution What are the Disadvantages of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) to GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles)? Disadvantages of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) to GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) are : IFRS would raise uncertainity as it permits manager to excercise their own judgement when deciding what to be reported in financial Statement, this would increase the chances of error in financial statement which would effect stakeholder i.e investor,stockholder, creditor etc There is not much enforcement of IFRS , As GAAP has been looking by several organisation such as Securities and Exchange Commission that watches over its accounting rules where IFR does not . It is hard to compare each financial statement as many company has different countries where each different laws & regulation and each company maintain their own accounting standard than its very hard to compare the financial statement with other company. .

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What are the differences between a linked list and a stack? Solution A Stack is basically a linear type data structure, which means the elements are present in a linear manner. In stack whatever is stored first it comes out last. It works in LIFO manner(Last in first out). In stack you canâ€™t add element in between. They are like a stack of coins, i.e. if you want to take the last coin, then all the upper coins have to be removed one by one..As a result what goes in last is taken out the first.The process of adding and deleting elements is slow here.Random access s fast here. On the other hand a Linked list is not a linear data structure. In this we can access any element or add any element in between. There is no LIFO of LILO manner (last in last out).We can add elements wherever we want. In Linked list we basically use two pointers , one to store the value of the variable and other to store the address of the next node(link list single element known as node).As the next link list address is store in the second node, there is no restriction in adding a new link list element in between .Linked list perform very fast insertion and deletion . .

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what are the con\'s of virtual reality in specific Solution Disadvantages of Virtual Reality 1)People who do not have access virtual reality or cannot afford this technology will be left out. 2)As the world is developing very fast in the area of Virtual Reality and online worlds, there is a lack of laws regarding these worlds.People may misuse this technology. Users can say and do things in these worlds that is illegal in reality. Also, users may be less inhibited than in real life due to a sense of anonymity, and may act in a way that is socially unacceptable 3)Communication using this technology would be susceptible to deception. 4)Many people may become addicted to living in these virtual worlds, and as a result forget or neglect their responsibilities in real life. 5)Technology is still developing and there are still many flaws to be worked to. 6)Arising health issues due to usage of this technology. Like ,Some people have been known to have motion sickness due to using the Virtual Reality headset. .

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What are the advantages of IPv6 over IPv4. Why is security often considered to be a major advantage in IPv6. Is it really true? Solution Dear, IPv4 is the fourth revision of the interner protocol and is a standard internetwork layer protocol used. IPv4 is the used to connect devices to the internet. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing over 4 billion addreses, but with the growth of more devices connecting requires an address.IPv6 fulfills the requirement for the need of more internet addresses. IPv6 is designed to allow the Internet to grow , both in terms of the number of hosts connected and the amount of data traffic transmitted. IPv6 uses 128-bit address scheme written in hexadecimal. More number of IP addresses will benefit companies from a management point of view, but it will also benefit cyber criminals. Not only will criminals be able to switch IP addresses frequently making it difficult to track and trace them. Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4: .

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What are some tax consequences related to a qualified pension plan? (Points : 1) Employer contributions are deductible when made. Earnings on the contributions are taxable to the employee. Employees are not taxed until distributions are received from the plan. Only a. and c. Solution d) Only a. and c. Most retirement plans (the exception being most non qualified plans) offer significant tax advantages. Most commonly the money contributed to the account is not taxed as income to the employee at the time of the contribution. In the case of employer provided plans, however, the employer is able to receive a tax deduction for the amount contributed as if it were regular employee compensation. This is known as pre-tax contributions, and the amounts allowed to be contributed vary significantly among various plan types. The other significant advantage is that the assets in the plan are allowed to grow through investing without the taxpayer being taxed on the annual growth year by year. Once the money is withdrawn it is taxed fully as income for the year of the withdrawal. There are many restrictions on contributions, especially with 401(k) and defined benefit plans. The restrictions are designed to make sure that highly compensated employees do not gain too much tax advantage at the expense of lesser paid employees. .

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What are some primary reasons why an embedded system developer would use C or C++ instead of assembly language? What are some specific problems that an embedded system\'s programmer can encounter while using only C or C++? Solution Programming in Embedded systems need to be written in Assembly Language. Writing the code in Assembly Language is too difficult. C is very easier than the Assembly Language and internally does nothing but it converts the code written in Higher Level Language into the Assembly Language Code compatible with the Embedded System (or the Emulator) the code is compiled in. Other languages such as VB-NET, C#, Java are easier than C. But Java requires JVM (Java Virtual Machine) to be installed on the Embedded System. VB-NET, C# and many other languages are either proprietary technologies (forcing the programmers to choose specific OS - such as VB .NET and C# run only on Windows) or they need some frameworks (like JVM) to be preinstalled in the Embedded System. .

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What are some positive externalities and how does the government address those? Solution 1) A positive externality is a benefit that is enjoyed by a third-party as a result of an economic transaction. Third-parties include any individual, organisation, property owner, or resource that is indirectly affected. While individuals who benefit from positive externalities without paying are considered to be free-riders, it may be in the interests of society to encourage free-riders to consume goods which generate substantial external benefits. Most merit goods generate positive consumption externalities, which beneficiaries do not pay for. For example, with healthcare, private treatment for contagious diseases provides a considerable benefit to others, for which they do not pay. Similarly, with education, the skills acquired and knowledge learnt at university can benefit the wider community in many ways. 2) Unlike the case of negative externalities, which are discouraged to achieve a socially efficient allocation of scarce resources, positive externalities are encouraged. One role for government is to implement economic policies that promote positive externalities. There are two general approaches to promoting positive externalities; to increase the supply of, and demand for, goods, services and resources that generate external benefits. .

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What are some of the drivers leading management to need more frequent information technology related audits? ( SELECT ALL THAT APPLY ): Boards are under greater scrutiny by various stakeholders to gain a more informed understanding of risk, including IT risk. Electronic infrastructure and digital communication systems are tightly integrated with key business processes, including high risk financial processes. Legal and regulatory changes require ongoing audits of key IT processes and systems. Corporate senior management recognized the increasing importance of information systems and therefore recognized the need for assurance. Solution Legal and regulatory changes require ongoing audits of key IT processes and systems. Electronic infrastructure and digital communication systems are tightly integrated with key business processes, including high risk financial processes. .

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What are some differences between traditional marketing communication efforts and integrated marketing communications? Solution traditional marketing communication With the advent and increasing use of digital marketing tools, small business owners might begin to overlook the role of traditional advertising, promotions and public relations in their communications mix. Identifying old-school marketing techniques and reviewing them when you do your marketing planning helps you create the most effective strategies for increasing your sales. Marketing Communications Business owners not trained in marketing might think magazine ads, TV spots, billboards and direct mail pieces are examples of marketing, but they are actually a subset of marketing, which is the overall strategic planning involved with bringing a product or service to market. Once that effort is completed, you create marketing communications, such as advertising, public relations and promotions, as tactics to support your marketing strategies. Advertising Advertising differs from other forms of marketing communications in that it usually uses someone else .

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What are intellectual property rights ?how are they different from property rights to physical assets? why has digitilazation beena hazard to intellectual property rights? Solution Ans.1 The term \"Intellectual Property Rights\" refers to the legal rights granted with the aim to protect the creations of the intellect. These rights include Industrial Property Rights (e.g. patents, industrial designs and trademarks) and Copyright (right of the author or creator) and Related Rights (rights of the performers, producers and broadcasting organizations). Ans.2 Under property rights of physical assets the holder of such right can visibly see the property ,Intellectual property rights though treated as a physical assets are intangible which means holder can enjoy the property rights but can be seen or moved as like tangible assets. Ans. 3 Intellectual property theft is trending the wrong way. Despite measures to prevent it, respond to it, and mitigate the effects of this type of costly and even dangerous crime, intellectual property theft is growing .

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What are some of the ways that the ease and simplicity of our current technological devices also lead us at times to surrogate our daily responsibilities onto these devices? Solution Information technology is now ubiquitous in the lives of people across the globe. These technologies take many forms such as personal computers, smart phones, the internet, web and mobile phone applications, digital assistants, and cloud computing. In fact the list is growing constantly and new forms of these technologies are working their way into every aspect of daily life. In some cases, such as can be seen in massive multiplayer online games (see section 2.1.1 below), these technologies are even opening up new ways of interacting with each other. Information technology at its basic level is technology that records, communicates, synthesizes or organizes information. Information can be understood as any useful data, instructions, or meaningful message content. The word literally means to .

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What information is contained in the balance sheet? What are limitations of the balance sheet? How can balance sheet limitations be overcome? Solution Information Contained in the Balance Sheet 1. Financial Position as on a particular date 2. Total Assets classified in to current and longterm assets 3. Liabilities classified in to current and long term. 4. Equity classified in to the contributed capital and earnings from operations. Limitations of Balalnce Sheet Prepared on a historical cost approac., hence may not reflect the actual neworth. Certain intangible assets like goodwill , customer list, Brand and human capital are not shown in the balance sheet. Estimations and judgement involved in the measurement affects the value of assets/liabilities reported in the balance sheet. How can the balance sheet limitations can be overcome 1. Disclosure in the notes to financial statements 2. Moving towards fair value accounting. .

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