1. TIMOTH Y JAMES L, YEAR 8 ART HOMEWOR K PROJECT VISUAL ESSAY , JUNE 2013

2. Cubism was an early twentieth century avant-
garde art movement which revolutionised
European painting and sculpture and inspired
similar movements in music, literature and
architecture. The term has been generally been
used in relation to a wide range of arts that have
been produced in Paris between 1910s and 1920s.
The art movement was pioneered by artists such
as Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, and has
been considered as the most influential art
movement in the 1900s. In this type of art,
objects are broken up into pieces, examined and
are put back together in an abstract form. In
cubist artworks, the artist portrays the subject
from a number of viewpoints to present the piece
in a greater context rather than depicting it from a
single viewpoint.
The representation of three-dimensional form in
the late works of the artist Paul Cézanne, which
was exhibited in a retrospective at the 1907 Salon
d'Automne was a primary influence that led to
Cubism.
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3. Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, known as Pablo Picasso is one of the most
influential artists of the 20th century and is widely known for co-
founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed
sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of
styles that he helped develop and explore. He became one of the
best-known figures in 20th century art, thanks to his revolutionary
artistic accomplishments which brought him universal renown and
immense fortune.
The famous Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist and
stage designer was born in Malaga in the Andalusian region of
Spain on the 25th October 1881 as the son of the painter and
drawing teacher José Ruiz Blasco and mother Doña Maria Picasso y
Lopez. During his early life, Picasso revealed extraordinary talent in
art – throughout his childhood and adolescence he painted in a
realistic manner. In 1895, when Picasso was 14 years old he
attended the Art Academy La Lonja in Barcelona, where his father
also taught, later studying at the Madrid Academy in 1897.
Pablo Picasso’s career began with the painting called The First
Communion and the Portrait of Aunt Pepa in 1894. Between 1899
and 1900 he created paintings in a Modernist style that became
known because of his influence to the works of Rossetti and
Edward Munch.
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4. In 1900 Pablo Picasso travelled to Paris; at that time the city was
considered to be the art capital of Europe. He resided there with
Max Jacob, a friend who was a journalist and poet who helped him
learn the language and its literature.
Picasso became a favourite to American art collectors Leo and
Gertrude Stein. Michael, Leo and Gertrude Steins’ brother, and his
wife were also collectors of Pablo Picasso’s work. Picasso’s
paintings were more cheerful and were painted using orange and
pink colours, during the Rose Period between 1905 and 1907.
The Spanish artist began painting Cubist works in 1907, his early
works known as his "Analytic Cubist" works included "Three
Women" (1907), "Bread and Fruit Dish on a Table" (1909) and "Girl
with Mandolin" (1910). Picasso’s later Cubist works such as "Still
Life with Chair Caning" (1912), "Card Player" (1913-14) and "Three
Musicians" (1921) move further away from artistic topicalities of
the time, creating vast collages out of a great number of tiny,
individual fragments and so are distinguished as "Synthetic
Cubism"
In 1958, after World War Two Pablo Picasso bought the Castle of
Vauvenargues in Provence in France; it became his place of retreat
for his aging genius. Three years later he married Jacqueline
Roque. Picasso died on the April 8, 1973 in Mougins, France at the
age of 91.
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5. Georges Braque was a major 1900s French painter and sculptor.
He is known to have developed the Cubism art movement along
with the artist Pablo Picasso. He was born in Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise
France on May 13, 1882. In his early life, the young French artist
moved with his family to Le Havre in 1890. There as young boy he
trained to be a house painter and decorator like his father and
grandfather, but also learned artistic painting at the École des
Beaux-Arts, in Le Havre during the evenings between 1897 and
1899. In 1899 at the Le Havre Art Academy Georges Braque
attended lectures; soon after in Paris he apprenticed with a
decorator. There he won a certificate in 1902. Furthermore, the
next year he attended drawing classes at the school of Batignolles,
followed by studying at the Académie Humbert until 1904 – this is
where he met Marie Laurencin and Francis Picabia.
Georges Braque’s earliest art works were impressionistic. However,
in 1905 Braque adopted a Fauvist style when he saw the work
exhibited by the artistic group known as the "Fauves" (Beasts) who
were a group that included Henri Matisse and André Derain
among others which used bright colours and loose structures of
forms to represent emotional response. In 1907 the French artist
successfully exhibited his Fauvist style paintings at the Salon des
Indépendants together with the Fauves. In the same year he met
Pablo Picasso. Soon, Georges Braque’s style started to slowly
evolve as he came under the strong influence of Paul Cézanne.
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6. Georges Braque began painting in a Cubist style between 1908
and 1913 and his paintings began to reflect his new interest in
geometry and simultaneous perspective. In the year 1909 he
started to work closely with Pablo Picasso who was painting
similar art works; their close co-operation lasted until 1914 when
he (Brague) was enlisted in the French army to fight in the First
World War.
Brague was severely wounded in World War I. In 1917 he resumed
his artistic career moving away from the harsher abstraction of
Cubism and painting works which he did not show to the public till
1923. Braque developed a more personal style, characterized by
brilliant colour and textured surfaces and—following his move to
the Normandy seacoast—the reappearance of the human figure
when he worked alone. He also painted still life works keeping his
emphasis on structure. In addition, he developed a close
friendship with cubist artist Juan Gris.
Throughout the remainder of his life, Georges Braque produced a
considerable number of paintings, graphics, and sculptures all
filled with a pervasive contemplative quality. Brague died on 31
August 1963, in Paris at the age of 81 and was buried at the
cemetery of the Church of St. Valery in Varengeville-sur-Mer,
Normandy, whose windows he designed. Moreover, his work is
displayed in most major museums all over the world.
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7. Woman with a Book, 1932
Weeping Woman, 1937
"Factory, Horta de Ebro" 1909
Pablo Picasso
La Mesa Redonda, 1929
Georges Braque
La Patience, 1942, Oil on canvas
Still Life with Playing Cards, 1913
Head of a Woman, 1909
Violin, 1913

8. • Pablo Picasso
• Georges Braque
• Alexandra Nechita
• Paul Klee
• Albert Gleizes
• Julio González
• Auguste Herbin
• Jacques Lipchitz
• Paul Cézanne
• Boris Korolev
• David Bomberg
• Peter Blume
• André Lhote
• Francis Bacon
• Lyonel Feininger
• Eduardo Úrculo
• Fernand Léger
• Jacques Villon
• Alexander Archipenko
• Salvador Dalí
• Maria Blanchard
• Francis de Erdely
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9. The 20th century cubist art movement revolutionized and modernized
art: it transformed European painting and sculpture, and inspired
related movements in music, literature and architecture. In addition, it
strongly influenced later art movements including surrealism and
Dada. Cubism was the most influential art movement of the 20th
century: it challenged conventional forms of representation, such as
perspective, which had been the rule since the Renaissance.
The art work of the Cubist movement was very abstract – it was the
first abstract style in the 20th century. It uses many abstract elements
which make art work of the Cubist movement look very colourful and
creative. Furthermore, it uses lots of shapes and patterns which make
it attractive so it stands out.
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10. THE END