The Dress vs. Ebola: The Effect of Different News Sources on Social Action.
Issues of Objectivity and Credibility regarding Political news on Social media
1. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 1
Issues of Objectivity and Credibility regarding Political news on Social media
Area: Media and Social Networking
A proposal Submitted in Fulfillment
Of the Requirements of Proposal for the Course of
Research Methodology
In
[BA Hons. Mass Communication]
By
Aqsa Nadeem
[16-10289]
Supervised by
Anam Muzamill
Lecturer
Department of Mass Communication
Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore
2. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 2
Contents
Summary 4
Key Words: 4
1.Introduction: 5
Changing Landscape of Pakistani Politics 5
1.1 Media & Public Sentiment 5
1.2News Objectivity & Social Media 5
1.3Rationale/ Significance of the Study 5
1.4 RQs & Hypotheses 5
2. Literature: 6
2.1Media attribution & Public Response 6
2.1.1 Contingent factors 6
Media Credibility 7
2.2 Conclusion 7
3. Methodology Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1 Description of Method: 8
3.2 Instrument Development 8
3.2.1 Key Variables (Conceptualization & Operationalization) 8
Conceptulization Error! Bookmark not defined.
Operationalization 8
3.2.2 Population 8
3.2.3 Sampling Technique 8
3.2.4 Final Sample 8
3.2.5 Designing Instrument (Questionnaires OR Construction of Categories & Coding Sheets) 8
4. Pilot Study 9
4.1 Pilot Study Sample 9
4.2 Findings of Pilot Study 9
4.3 Limitations/Feasibility Report 10
5. Bibliography 10
6.Annexure I-Instrument (Questionnaire/Coding Sheet) 11
Annexure II-Study Framework (Objectives-RQs/Hypotheses/Items & Statements) 27
3. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 3
Study objectives 27
RQ/Hypothesis: 27
4. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 4
Summary
Before Independence Day in Pakistan from August 10 to November 28 (2014), Imran khan stood
up and held sittings in Islamabad (Mostly), against riggings and initiated the expression
#gonawazgo. He demanded the prime minister to resign. Social media (Facebook) was a hotspot
for all political party members. This research proposal throws light on how leaders manipulate
followers to turn the whole campaign setups. General public having biased approach towards the
current government, not only this but PTI (Pakistan Tehrik e Insaf) along with PAT (Pakistan
Awami Tehrik) ridiculating PML(N) Pakistan Muslim Leagure (Noon) and PPP( Pakistan
People’s Party. This paper will explore if the public responders belong to educated background
or there are just random followers who are just going with the flow and what kind of language
they use. Content analysis is selected to study respondents, their thoughts, and hopes with their
party and biasness against other party on a much larger level.
Key Words: Social Media Credibility, Social Media Bias, Public Respondents, Political
Campaigns, Public Objectivity
5. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 5
1. Introduction:
Changing Landscape of Pakistani Politics
Recently in Pakistan, Imran khan (Chairman PTI) demanded resignation from the prime minister
of Pakistan due to riggings in 2013 elections. The term #gonawazgo became a national voice and
social media was filled with biased and emotionally driven support from PTI & PAT party
supporters during these political protests. PMLN was under a lot of stress lately and faced
excessive criticism from everywhere. The thing to note was that PPP played a reconciliation role
and there was less hatred from both PTI and PAT to this party given that PTI supporters did
scorn PPP for helping out PMLN.
1.1 Media & Public Sentiment
The reason to research is to determine whether leaders push their supporters so hard that the
party supporters cannot think of anything else except to follow their leader, to ignore their
leader’s every unauthentic news and object other party members. Social media is notorious for
these kinds of acts. The focus will also be on credibility of news that the leaders post on
Facebook as part of their political campaign. Content Analysis of public responses on Facebook
Pages of political parties (PMLN, PTI, PAT, PPP) Credibility in terms that we cannot confirm
every news/claim that is out there. Public still follows that news without confirming it. The focus
will be on biased approach and variation in public response.
1.2News Objectivity & Social Media
This study is dealing with issues of credibility and objectivity regarding political news on social
media in the current political scenario (August 10-November 28) there are issues of credibility
and subjectivity specifically regarding political news on social media. To analyze the research
problem, content analysis of some of the comments on Facebook as well as questionnaires will
help to determine the problem. On a local level it is important that we examine the level of
unnecessary negativity of one political party towards the other party. Similarly the world does
not have to measure how politically immature we are once this research is out. This research is
worth doing as it will help in future to determine that how political party leader on social media
grab the attention of the common man and how their biased approach destroy other party’s
reputation.
1.3Rationale/ Significance of the Study
Considering current scenario in Pakistan, the public responses on Facebook pages of
certain political parties are biased and emotionally driven.
Public response is biased and negatively charged towards their opposite party followers.
On Facebook, there are a lot of abusive comments against other political parties and
several comments that shows blind response on every post of their leaders, and ignoring
the authenticity of that news.
1.4 RQs & Hypotheses
RQ-What are the issues of credibility regarding political news posted on Facebook pages
of political parties?
Hypothesis-Public responses on social media are biased and emotionally driven
6. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 6
2. Literature:
2.1Media attribution & Public Response
In the past, there had been researches where particularly, various types of political
participation were discussed beyond mere voting only. Mainly, from the data collected
from 2004 presidential election, the author studied three things. C, A and B. These are
cognitive, Affective and behavior in a row. It was clear that solid attitudes lead to various
types of political participation. In fact every uninterrupted effect was conspicuous.
(Moon, 2013)
When we talk about mass media credibility, it is said to be mainly an attribute of message
sources. According to this article media works as an interactive variable. It is an
audience’s reaction to media content. Adding to that, audience’s valuation of credibility
is a result of individuals’ cynical nature. Further, distrust is mere a situational response
This hypothesis was tested by analyzing effects of several independent variables on
ratings of newspaper and TV as well as social groups. As a result the respondent’s own
group documentation proved to be the ultimate interpreter. (Gunther, 1992)
Examining past three presidential elections, public acuity of a biased news media has
increased. It’s a totally different feature basically. Public inspiration was examined
through press exposure to the topic of media bias during 1988, 1992 and 1996
presidential elections. Public impact twisted out to be the result of increasing news self-
coverage that focuses on general news of bias in news content. The significant thing to
note was that the superior claims of news bias came from conventional elites (MARK D.
WATTS, 2003)
It has become a common omen that when political elites receive critical news coverage
they usually attack the source. The author did two experiments to scrutinize such bias on
people who read news articles about elected officials and other people who read attacks
on the news source. The outcomes recommended that elite attacks augmented bias and
they were operative when they came from politicians of both parties. It proved that the
republicans and democrats are capable of manipulating bias. These elite outbreaks disrupt
the liability of the democrats. (Smith, 2010)
2.1.1 Contingent factors
In This article, a random survey was conducted in Austin and Texas to analyze people’s
perceptions about news believability for TV, newspapers and online news. It explores
sensitivities of news credibility for television, newspapers, and web news. The dependent
factor influencing news credibility sentiments were interactional communication about
news. In the end, results suggested that people rate newspapers as the utmost trustworthy
source, though they later refer web and TV. The attitudes about news credibility link in
media outlets. Plus a positive tie was found between relational communication and web
news. (Kiousis, 2001)
This particular study suggests that as the world is turning into a 24/7 online network, the
social networks do less encouragements and more divergence, crumbling and bolstering
of preceding principles. The author also suggested that online media passages possess
7. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 7
sole individualities that enable them to act as integrity riddles which enhance the
fundamentals of trust and inducement to the delivery of news. (O’Connor, 2009)
An online survey about Facebook Group users’ indulgence and their political and
municipal input offline was piloted. About 1715 students suggested that they used
Facebook looking for information, entertainment, self-status pursuing and to socialize.
The information that was interconnected to their community and especially political
contribution was more for amusing uses only. (Namsu Park, 2009)
Media Credibility
The main reason to conduct survey in this particular study was to determine either
politically concerned web users see web periodical as sound as other broadcast means
like newsprint and TV. We know that sincerity is decisive for internet otherwise people
will not fancy the internet. The study proved the fact that online media is considered
more trustworthy than news modes. (Thomas J. Johnson, 1998)
This article discussed that a large amount of people believe that news media is prejudiced
and that direction of partiality is against their thoughts. A large proportion of the
community considers that the news media are influenced, and the bulk of these beings
contemplate the path of preconception to be in contradiction of their own perspectives.
Past research has examined how distinct aspects such as asset of bigotry or extent of
party-political association reinforce partiality insights, but petite devotion has been paid
to social features such as the philosophical resemblance or variation of private statement
set-ups. (William P. Eveland, 2003)
An experimental study inspected the overall belongings of on air and online news. This
study involved two unrelated clusters of people chiefly adult and students investigating
newscast, online and telewebbing connections. The news credibility was affected by the
use of station. If the news foundation was being assessed every time, it was measured
dependable. (Bucy, 2003)
2.2 Conclusion
There had been researches on media attributions and public responses before; studies have been
performed to know more about agenda setting theory. Similarly the elite hold during political
campaigns has been part of research too. Bias in news content, online web content and its
credibility, but no one has ever specified political campaigns or parties on social media before.
No one has analyzed the content in a limited time set up, although experiments and surveys have
been done but not on public only. In some cases, the authenticity of news depended on the
medium. Public response is biased and yes it depends on news but in the light of agenda setting
theory, public considers the news important which is highlighted by news media only. The past
studies have thrown light on how extent of political involvement increases bias perceptions. In
current research study, public response will be measured on social media and key factors like
news authenticity will analyzed in a specified time span.
8. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 8
3. Methodology
3.1 Description of Method:
Quantitative Research Methodology: it is a systematic, observable and empirical
phenomenon evaluated with the help of computational, statistical, numerical or
mathematical techniques.
Content Analysis: It involves analysis of texts of various types including images, writing,
recordings and cultural artifacts. It includes both quantitative and qualitative research
methodologies.
3.2 Instrument Development
3.2.1 Key Variables (Conceptualization & Operationalization)
Conceptualization
News Objectivity & Credibility: to what extent the news id reliable enough and facts
based.
Public sentiment: the emotional import of a passage distinct from its expression on a
public level
Operationalization
News Objectivity & Credibility: to what extent news posted on social media is facts
based and credible
Public Sentiment: public sentiments on Facebook’s political party pages are emotionally
driven.
3.2.2 Population
Social Media users
3.2.3 Sampling Technique
Purposive Sampling: The sampling is based on larger population of social media users
specifically to study public’s response in a certain time period. (Facebook users of selected
political parties)
3.2.4 Final Sample
Coding Sheet
3.2.5 Designing Instrument (Questionnaires OR Construction of Categories &
Coding Sheets)
Coding Sheet
9. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 9
POLITICAL PARTY
PMLN,PPP,PTI,PAT
COMMENTS
Timeline
(August
10-
November
28)
NEUTRAL
The
respondent
has used
facts or
given an
honest
opinion
plus there
is no
excessive
party
SUBJECTIVE
The
respondent
has ignored
facts and
supporting
his/her
party and
accusing
the opposite
party
without
concrete
proof
CONTEMPTUOUS
The respondent
has used abusive
words and
scorned other
party supporters
or political party
in general.
4. Pilot Study
4.1 Pilot Study Sample
The data was obtained through 40 relevant comments the public gave on Facebook pages from
160 total comments. On an average there 10 comment from each page. The respondent was
chosen at random from the timeline August 10 to November 28. Content analysis was vital for
this type of study because it was most reliable method to use, through comments we can measure
a wide range of biasness and any credibility issues for that matter. The respondents were divided
into three different categories .Neutral, Subjective & Contemptuous. Those who used facts while
stating anything about their party or any other party were categorized as “neutral”. Those who
used excessive emotions in favor of their party were categorized as “subjective” and those
respondents who used abusive words were placed in third and last category “contemptuous”.
4.2 Findings of Pilot Study
So to conclude it, I would say that, PTI & PAT fans supported their party no matter what. Public
on these pages did not confirm any news at all, even when Imran alleged Nawaz of corruption,
false judiciary and unstable government. PPP supporters seemed different and confident about
party like they are going to win anyway. However some PTI Supporters mocked bilawal of being
incapable for the prime minister chair. PML (N) had more haters than supporters. Surprisingly,
public do not want to listen to Nawaz Sharif on social media at all. There was allegation of
corruption, on Nawaz being a Jewish agent. Not only this but public just burst out when PML
(N) posted a picture of “false propaganda” against them by PTI. The language was rigid, as if the
public is on war, a one-sided war against government fed to them by PTI and PAT. PPP’s
supporters were not interested in the child’s play by the rest of the party, but not to forget were
some comments from PTI and PAT fans who called PPP, PLM (N)’s “daddy”. Some suggested
that PPP and PML (N) are in on this whole situation together. On the whole, public is following
10. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 10
and repeatedly in favor of PTI and PAT and shouting #gonawazgo whether this shout is justified
or not. There were all sorts of comments plus there were all sorts of reactions one could expect.
PTI and PAT supporters frequently commented #gonawazgo, seemed like it was a compulsory
comment. It looked like it was necessary for them to say #gonawazgo if they wanted to prove
themselves as diehard supporters. There was biasness in most comments, PPP fans supported
their party and the comments below were mostly limited to PPP’s achievements. PML (N) posts
captured the most hated comments from people of all kinds. People were eager to call them
corrupt and demanded resignation from Nawaz Sharif. However, few comments were
#gopadrigo. Of all 40 comments, 5 respondents were neutral, 20 were subjective and 15 were
contemptuous.
4.3 Limitations/Feasibility Report
No doubt there was endless content on the social media and relevant too, but public had a lot to
say and people were continuously changing their opinions. On social media, general respondents
did not say one thing only, they wrote multiple opinions. The content analysis could be valid
because, if the respondent wrote one opinion, that comment was preferred in the final sample.
The study focused on 40 most relevant comments that made sense.
5. Bibliography
Namsu Park, Kerk F. Kee, and Sebastián Valenzuela. CyberPsychology & Behavior. December
2009, 12(6): 729-733. doi:10.1089/cpb.2009.0003.
11. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 11
Kiousis, S. (2001). Public Trust or Mistrust? Perceptions of Media Credibility in the Information
Age. Mass Communication and Society, 4(4), 381–403. doi:10.1207/S15327825MCS0404_4
Eveland, W. P., & Shah, D. V. (2003). The impact of individual and interpersonal factors on
perceived news media bias. Political Psychology.
Gunther, A. C. (1992). Biased press or biased public? Attitudes toward media coverage of social
groups. Academic Journal, 56. Retrieved from
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/9208174374/biased-press-biased-public-attitudes-
toward-media-coverage-social-groups
WATTS, M. D., DOMKE, D., SHAH, D. V, & FAN, D. P. (1999). Elite Cues and Media Bias in
Presidential Campaigns Explaining Public Perceptions of a Liberal Press. Communication
Research, 26. doi:10.1177/009365099026002003
Soo Jung Moon. (2013). Attention, Attitude, and Behavior: Second-Level Agenda-Setting
Effects as a Mediator of Media Use and Political Participation. Communication Research, 40.
doi:10.1177/0093650211423021
Smith, Glen R.(Gainesville State College, Gainesville, G. (2010). Politicians and the News
Media: How Elite Attacks Influence Perceptions of Media Bias. The International Journal of
Press/Politics, 15. doi:10.1177/1940161210367430
Connor, B. R. O. (2009). on the Press , Politics and Public Policy Discussion Paper Series Word
of Mouse : Credibility , Journalism and Emerging Social Media, (February).
Thomas J. Johnson, B. K. K. (1998). Cruising is Believing?: Comparing Internet and Traditional
Sources on Media Credibility Measures. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 75.
doi:10.1177/107769909807500208
Erik P. Bucy, A. P., & (Department of Telecommunications and adjunct professor in the School
of Informatics, Indiana University, B. (2003). Media Credibility Reconsidered: Synergy Effects
between On-Air and Online News. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80. doi:doi:
10.1177/107769900308000202
6. Annexure I-Instrument (Questionnaire/Coding Sheet)
POLITICAL
PARTY
COMMENTS NEUTRAL SUBJECTIVE CONTEMPTUOUS
12. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 12
PMLN Zr ulfiqaBaloch Nawazsharif
wo Israel jalladqatil hai jo
apne prime ministerki kursi ke
liaPakistanki 18crore
awaaam koshaheedkarde ga
or kar raha hai.jaise Nawaz
sharif ne bhottoko qatal
karwa dia.
1
PMLN Anal NassirSo true...he isa
corrupt leaderanda murderer
1
PMLN MujtabaBaig Noyou can't
say he isbad he isfine butthe
fact he took awaypeoples
freedomchoice issomething
imagainsthim for.
1
PMLN Ambreen Tariq "Ican sacrifice
my government10times,but
wouldnevercompromiseon
the supremacyof parliament,
the constitutionandthe
democracy"- Hahaha whata
bloodyjoke!PMLN attacked
the supreme court..how the
hell isthatrespect?Asfor the
constitutionyouhave changed
it soomuch that it'sobvious
that the constitutionhasno
importance inyoureyes.As
for the parliament,mate you
got there throughfraudand
rigging!Seriouslydothese
people evenunderstandthe
thingstheysay?Unlessthe
people of Pakistanare stupid
or mentallyretardedIdon't
thinkanyone intheirright
mindswill believe awordof
this
1
PPP FaizaYasin We the jiyalaas
have full trust in the
endeavors of our party
leadership.Doesn't matter
who comes the ideology
remains as it's.The ideology
of bhuttoism that runs
1
13. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 13
hearts and souls of ppp .To
Those who call him billo
rani you are not defaming
him or his character. You
are defaming your own
character. You can't even if
you want to.you're only
showing your own
mentality. You're showing
how you were brought
up.It's only a shame for you
but to your families as
well.IT'S dnt mean to hurt
anyone or be offensive but
it raises question on your
parenthood too. It won't
make any difference to
bilawal but it surely it
damages your own
personality. Have you
forgotten the verses of
Quran about defaming
people by calling them with
bad names. Don't take it as
offence but just think about
it....
PPP DushmantaKumar Majhi
Tum sab gaddar log ho.
isiliye aapne hi indian
muslims brothers ko akele
chod kor khud alag boton
banaliya. allah tumeh maaf
nehi karenge.sare bhutto
isitarah mare jayenge. kyun
tum log boton ke gaddar
ho. isiliye bangladeshi aur
baloch bhi tumeh nafrat
karte hain
1 1
PPP H M Tahir Khan Mind YOUR
Language!
Agar Kchh Nahi Jantey, To
Bakwas Kerney Ki Himmat
1
14. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 14
Kaisey Hoi.
Teray Moo mein Khaak!
Tera Berra Gharq Ho,
Haram Zadey! Forun Muaafi
Maang ker Dafa' Ho Jao!
Aor Aaendah Aas Pas Nazer
Nau Aa!n
PPP FaizaYasin Mr Dushmanta
Kumar Majhi It was never
due to politics of pakistan
that bangladesh went
away,it was the dirty mind
set of indian politics that
they never accepted that
we have snatched pakistan
from them and above all
the defeat of 65 war was a
harsh blow for indian they
planned what happened on
16 december 1971...
1
PTI Syed Muneeb Hussain
Najfi A.A. My dear Second
Quid-e-Azam Imran Khan,
no doubt, Inshallah very
soon, it seems that might be
Allah Tallah bless you
sacred responsibilities to
uplift Pakistan in the
Comity of World's Nations,
therefore, I want to offer
following sympathetic
proposals for a bright and
everlasting future success of
PTI under your great
leadership :-
1.Selection/Entry of leaders
in PTI must be purely on
real merit because "Kachi
Garoon say darya paar nahi
hotay."
1
PTI TasadduqueHussain Beware
of PML N people because
they are resorting to
violence.
1
15. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 15
PTI ZulkarnainKhoso It's not just
Rahim Yar Khan today but
each and every nook and
corner of Pakistan is waiting
to welcome Imran Khan.
Not just students but
farmers, religious clerics,
minorities, shopkeepers,
business men, rikshaw
drivers men, women and
children all are united to
support this brave son of
land. Zardaris,sharifs and
diesels your politics sorry
business is over.
1
PTI MuhammadTaimoorAnwer
"Go Nawaz Go" protest
must be launched in every
street on Earth!!! It is only
then that this Cow named
as Nawaz Sharif along with
its Buffaloes will resign and
Pakistan will then become
an Islamic Democratic
Country InshaAllah!
Otherwise, a Martial Law is
mandatory here to kick
start the Presidential
American System and to
strengthen all the State
Institutions!
1
PTI NinaHaroon go nawaz go
Go corruption Go
go evils go
go nonsense go
go liars go
go terrorists go
go devils go
go hideous go
go culprits go
go sick people go
go bloodsuckers go
go imperfect government
1
16. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 16
go
go insane go
go filthy go
go greedy go
go hard-hearted go
go oppressive go
go illiterate go
go dogs go
go idiots go
go losers go
go ridiculous
go injustice go
go stupid go
go killers go
go murderers go
go nawaz go
go nawaz go
PAT MuhammadJamal Sir,
please take strong action
against corrupts for now.
We(Pakistanis) are being
treated like slaves here.
We've not access to basic
necessities of life, inflation
is making people
psychological patient.
We're waiting for your
#call_of_revolution.
1
PAT FiazKhan Ye aam kr do.
Nawaz aur Zardari ka jo yar
hai wo is mulk ka gadar hai
gadar hai.
Go Nawaz Go.
1
PAT Syed ShafqatAli Dr. Tahir-ul-
Qadri has achieved a lot
from Dharna, this was the
only one dharna. Never
mind if we could not get
100% Results, we are
moving well in the right
direction and entered in the
next phase. And people are
1
17. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 17
with Dr. Tahir-ul-Qadri
which is proved by huge
and all record gatherings at
Faisalabad, lahore and
Abbottabad and in his visit
to Jhang, Chinyot, Athara
hazari, Garh morr. These 3
jalsas were bigger than
local jalsas of any other
party. If ppl were not with
him they won't come in his
jalsas
PAT AbdullahBinLaique
#GONawazGo,
#GoBakwasGo,
#GoGhatyaGo #GoNujdiGo
#GoZalimGo
1
PMLN Cat King regards gr8 bro
truely awesome on
words for U just a salute
1
PMLN MuhammadAurangzeb
ی وئ ک شک یں ہ ن ہللا ی عال ت
ے ک ضل ف سے واز ن ف شری
تان س اک پ ی ک خ اری ت ے ک
ک ای یم عظ نما رہ یں ھ . واز ن
ف شری ے ن اس لک م
تان س اک پ و ک ساری یا دن
سے 1998 یں م لی ہ پ
تان س اک ارپ ب و ک یا دن ا ک
واں سات ری جوہ اور پ لک م ا ھون
رار ق ا وای دل ھا ت – ہ جوک ک ای
واز ن ف شری ی ک ،داری مان ای
یری دل اورحب نی وط ال ا ک ک ای
سب سے ڑا ب اور دہ زن بوت ث
ھے ہ ک ہو اس لک م ے ک ک ای
لص مخ اور دار مان ای یڈر ل یں ھ
تان س اک پ ے ک عوام ی ک
ت ثری اک واز ن ف شری سے
بت مح و ترام اح ے رت ک یں ھ
اور ہو تان س اک پ ے ک ئے ل
اور ی تان س اک پ عوام ے ک
1
18. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 18
ئے ل ن تری ہ ب ام ک سر جام ان
دے کے چ یں ھ اور اب ھر پ
ن تری ہ ب خدمات سر جام ان دے
ےرہ یں -ھ واز ن ف شری
اد دب زن
PAT UsmanAli muja apni jaan
sy pyara tahir ul qadri
1
PPP Hukum Khan hhahah bhai
there are lots of people
party educated youth why
not they were oppointed
as a chairman they are
more intelligent and they
are more educated then
Bilalwal. People party
need to forward their
worker class. this is
kingdom dear
1
PPP ChaudhryUsmanAshraf
There are ppl in PTi more
capable than Pagal Khan y
they are not appointed as
Chairman PTI. So it’s better
for Potians to keep their
bloody mouths shut
1
PPP FarhadKazmi Ye bilo rani
tumhy khusra bana ker
choray gi pti walo.... Dekh
lia tumhara naya Pakistan
jab eid gifts distribute ho
rahe thay..... Kisi ko mukay
to kisi ko latain...
Tobaaaa........... Jiye bilawal
zardari...
1 1
PPP Stm Cricket Salman ayub ye
ganjo ke ya yahoodi ke
party nai ye jaany qurban
krny walo ke party ha
PPP zendabad Hafizabad
zendabad
1 1
19. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 19
PPP NomanKhan Jawad khan
mind in your language
khusra to imran Khan hai
jo apni wife ko na Sunbhal
saka. Shame on u
1 1
PPP Irfan AryanThankfulness
Lanat hai tum jesay logo
par jo fasaaad chahty hai
lanti kuttay kabhi tera
ghar kay baher asay
banday bethay ho or tera
maa bhen baap bhai
mahfoooz na ho tuj jesay
kamino ko jab aqal aigeee
jab tak tum jesay jahil log
pakistan main zinda hai ya
corrupted hukmran zinda
rhe gay tum jesay kamino
ki waja say lanat ho tum
jesay kutto par
1
PPP Ata Mirza
تان س اک پ ی ک خ اری ت یں م
لی ہ پ ار ب سا ای واہ ے ک ے ک
ر وزی اعظم کا امری ے ک دورے
ے پ ےہ ر پ یوں تان س اک پ
و ک کل ش ے ھان دک سے شرما
ارہ ےہ جب ے ک کا امری یں م
یم ق م ی تان س اک پ اروہ ل
ف شری و ک یل ذل ے رن ک ے ک
ئے ل نگ الن پ ر ک ےرہ یں ہ
سری دو طرف ہ سای ہم لک م
ے ک چاے نے یچ ب ے وال
ی ھارت ب ر وزی اعظم ندر ری ن
مودی یس ت زار ہ یوں ھارت ب
سے خطاب ں ری ک ے گ جو
شور مہ ہ زمان مز ائ ٹ ر کوائ س ا
ر پ یو الئ شر ن یا ک ے جائ ا گ
جہاں سے روڑوں ک وگ ل خطاب
یں ن س یں گ . مودی و ک ٹ وائ
اوسہ ے ک سٹ ی گ اوسہ یں م
طبطور خاص مہمان ا ھرای ٹ یا گ
ےہ ، اد ی ےرہ ے ک ہو کہ امری
ے ک دورے ر پ یں ھ ن کہ ل ب
و ی ن ای نرل ج لی ب سم ا ی ک
نگ ٹ ی م نڈ ی اٹ ے رن ک
1
21. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 21
رمان ف ےہ "" مومن ک ای سوراخ
سے دو ار ب یں ہ ن سا ڈ ا جات ""
ضرت ح لی ع رﺿی اللہ عنہ ا ک
رمان ف ےہ "" اےمآز وےہ و ک
ا انمآز ی وف یوق ب ےہ ""
PPP ShehabShah Haider Yaar
atleast forgive a sick man
For Whose ever sake you
believe in you should have
left him alone look at Mr.
Awan's face doesn't it look
like he is so annoyed that
this jerk is standing with
him. Enough is enough the
people of Pakistan just
dont wannt corrupt and
Maharajas like you. Dont
you remember anyone
who reads my facebook
comment that Benazir is
herself on the record
saying "I WAS BORN
WITH A GOLDEN SPOON
IN MY MOUTH" where
that golden spoon come
from. You people no
longer deserve a place
anywhere in Pakistan just
pack your bags and go
somewhere else. Let me
suggest a country for you
and Sharifs and that is
Nigeria there the people
are very eager to greet
your family and the
sharifs. I would like to say
a few words Regarding
Syed Khurshid Shah
Khurshid Shah Sahib your
party wants martyrs to
pounce back if you wanna
make your life after death
much better and blossom
your party why dont you
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22. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 22
tell someone to kill you.
This will have two effects
one you will become a
martyr (your party will
portray you as one)
secondly, the Pipals Party
and i am dead right in
calling it by this name will
again become a People's
Party. Khurshid Shah,
quite honestly you are a
disgrace to the party and
to the nation as a whole. I
dont even know how
Sindh is even tolerating
you
PMLN Sanwal Pasha
Nawaz Sharif had
completed his education,
in the 3rd division in B.A
from Govt College, Lahore
as he got admission in
Govt College Lahore, on
recommendations, and he
used to be called in the
class as "Kuggoo' because
he never used to
participate in the class nor
replied to any question he
has ever been asked by the
lecturer, told by his class
mates.
His father Mian
Muhammad Sharif started
him in the business.
However, this proved a
disaster. As a second
option Mian Muhammad
Sharif set him up with
Pakistani actor Saeed
Khan Rangeela to get him
into acting (something
which Nawaz Sharif
wanted). A few days later
1 1
23. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 23
Saeed Khan Rangeela sent
his regrets to Mian
Muhammad Sharif saying
that his son was too dumb
for acting and movie
industry. Mian
Muhammad Sharif then
hired cricket coaches to
train his son for cricket,
but his physical fitness
was too low for the sport.
It is rumored that by mid-
day on his first day at
training Nawaz Sharif
threw the bat down and
left the stadium saying,
“This is too tough for me.”
As a last resort he paid
General Ghulam Jilani
Khan a considerable sum
of money to introduce
Nawaz Sharif to General
Zia-ul-Haq recommending
him for a political post,
who in turn made Nawaz
Sharif the Finance
Minister of Punjab.
( Gen. Gilani was not
offered money, in fact he
had been presented a
'White Palace' made on a
4-kanal corner plot in
Lahore Cant and it was
worth Rs. 4 crores then, a
s said. It was just beautiful
with Victorian style round
porch with a running
fountain in the center. But
Mian Sharif, being
business man, recovered
many '4 crores' out of the
son's post of Finance
Minister of Punjab, and it
was sure that Nawaz
24. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 24
Sharif would not be able to
write his designation with
correct spellings )
PMLN SakinaAli U are the yazid of
today u evil person u have
stolen from ur own people
and have not helped the
Pakistanis in any way at
all i live in the UK however
I support imran Khan
simply because he is what
Pakistan needs!not some
person who thieves from
his own u will have Allah
swt to answer to on the
day of judgement what
answer will u give to the
allmighty nothing will be
hidden from Allah Ur days
will come inshaAllah Allah
will curse u!
1 1
PMLN Ehzaz Ahmad Zahid May
Allah punish you!!!
1
PMLN ZilayHanin Khan Our PRIME
MINISTER NAWAZ
SHAREEF is best and
imran and qadri is nothing
but enemy of our country
both r jealous to our p.m
i solute our prime minister
Nawaz shareef and pak.
Army
1
PMLN Zarak Khan there is a big
difference between the
Pakistan that you (nawaz)
are talking about... for you
Pakistan is a Gold mine,
which you are sucking like
a parasite and then you
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25. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 25
will run a way , either to
Saudi Arabia or England ...
for me Pakistan is my
home ,and everything
PMLN AbbasIqbal Iblis ka full
control hai in par. jo kuchh
bhi kahain gey jhoot
kahain gey aur jhoot kay
siwa kuchh nhain kahain
gey.
1
PMLN ShahAli Ye Sara foreign
agenda ha dear nawaz
shareef in k leye isteghfa
nahe dena Ye to chahte hi
yahe ha k mulk or nechay
chala gaye be
creative.............we r with
u.......
1
PMLN Ali Khan nawaz israel abhi
tumari zindagi kaam hai
kyun ke masoom gareeb
looog tum ko baad-dua de
rahe hain ke pmln nawaz
sharif israel or khawaja
saad rafique kaaa intikaal
ho ja-aa ameeen...................
nawaz israel abhi tumari
zindagi kaam hai kyun ke
masoom gareeb looog tum
ko baad-dua de rahe hain
ke pmln nawaz sharif
israel or khawaja saad
rafique kaaa intikaal ho ja-
aa ameeen..............
1
PMLN Imran Khan Jo abi b nawaz
ko support kr rahe hain
meri dua hai kabhi un ki
maa ya pregnant behan ko
seene par golian mar kar
shaheed kr dya jaye or phr
jab wo log iske khilaf othe
to onhe kaha jaye jab lal
masjid par hamla hua tha
1
26. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 26
tab to tum ghr se nahi
nikle the ab mulk me fasad
phelane ke lye kion nikle
hoo
PTI Fahmidah Hussain People
are dumb who are aware
of the plans but still follow
these people who planned
everything to destabilise
the country.
What new Pakistan we are
happy with the Pakistan
our qaid gave no to
traitors Pakistan
1
PTI Farida Durrani MEENAAR -
E PAKISTAN IS THE
MONUMENT WHERE WE
HAD OUR "MESAAQ - E
PAKISTAN"" AND THIS
WILL ONCE AGAIN GIVE
US THE "MEESAAQ - E
NAYA PAKISTAN" IN SHA
ALLAH.I have a feeling
that PTI Jalsa at Meenar - e
Pakisn Lahore will be the
last jalsa of PTI because
people of Pakistan at
Lahore will FINALIZE the
FALL OF PMLN AND
NAWAZ BADSHAAHAT ."
STATUS QUO " KAY
TAABOOT MEIN AKHARI
KEEL MEENAAR - E
PAKISTAN MEIN LAGAIY
GI IN SHA ALLAH !!
PAKISTAN ZINDA BAAD.
1
PTI Masood HZ Imran khan
rewriting history of
Pakistan with Pakistan
loving Grand
mothers,Grand
1
27. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 27
fathers,moms and
dads,brothers and
sisters,children and his
dedicated political
associates ! kudos to all
Azadi lovers !
Long live Imran and
Allama Tahir ul Qadri !
Go Go Go Nawaz and
company Go Go
Go.We_don't need the likes
of you
We don't need the likes of
CONSPIRATORS sitting in
the Parliament and
Senate!
PTI Leo Jaan PPPP-PMLN chor
dako mulk awam ko looot
k kha gay hyn apna aor
yahoood ka ghulam bnaya
hoa hai
1 1
Annexure II-Study Framework (Objectives-RQs/Hypotheses/Items &
Statements)
Study objectives
Focus will be public response regarding political news on social media
To analyze language of public responders
To analyze issues of credibility of news posted on Facebook pages of certain political
parties in the current political scenario of Pakistan
RQ/Hypothesis:
RQ-What are the issues of credibility regarding political news posted on Facebook pages of
political parties?
Hypothesis-Public responses on social media are biased and emotionally driven
28. CREDIBILITY AND OBJECTIVITY ISSUESREGARDINGPOLITICALNEWSONSOCIAL MEDIA 28
Items & Statements
POLITICALPARTY
PMLN,PPP,PTI,PAT
COMMENTS
Timeline
(August10-
November28)
NEUTRAL
The respondent
has usedfacts
or givenan
honestopinion
plusthere isno
excessiveparty
SUBJECTIVE
The respondent
has ignored
facts and
supporting
his/herparty
and accusing
the opposite
party without
concrete proof
CONTEMPTUOUS
The respondent
has used
abusive words
and scorned
otherparty
supportersor
political partyin
general.