This document provides an introduction to cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. It defines cryptocurrencies as digital currencies that use encryption to securely transfer funds on a distributed ledger without a central authority. The document reviews the history of cryptocurrencies, including early centralized attempts in the late 90s/2000s and the 2009 introduction of Bitcoin as the first decentralized cryptocurrency using blockchain technology. It describes blockchain as an immutable distributed ledger that solves the double spending problem without a trusted third party by recording transactions on linked blocks of data across a network. Examples of other uses of blockchain technology are also given.