2. 1 Outline of the Presentation
1. Background 2. Introduction 3. Procedure
Seamless Process
Welding Process
Plastic / PVC Pipes
4. Applications5. Conclusion
3. 2
1.1 Look over the trends of production of tubes and pipes
“ Before the facts of thing is realized, you need to know that something is worth it.”
1. Background
The trends of ancient civilization
Fig.1 Bamboo tubes Fig.2 clay pipe
In 1700’s England cast iron was used .
4. 3 1. Background
Fig.3 Metal pipes found deep inside the mountain Fig.4 Lead pipes used in Roman time
William Murdock invented a coal burning lamp system in
1815
Fig.5 William Murdock
1.1 Look over the trends of production of tubes and pipes …….. Contd.
5. 4 1. Background
James Russell developed notable method in 1824 in which tubes were
created by joining together opposite edges of a flat iron strips.
Next year , Comelius Whitehouse developed Butt-weld process for
making the pipe.
Iron workers produce seamless tube of uneven thickness in 1840.
The plant to produce seamless tube was built in 1895.
In 1911, John Moon introduced the continuous process method for
producing the pipe.
Fig.6 Comelius Whitehouse Fig.7 Butt weld process
1.1 Look over the trends of production of tubes and pipes …….. Contd.
6. 5 1. Background
1.1 Look over the trends of production of tubes and pipes …….. Contd.
7. 6 1. Background
Steel is the primary raw materials. Other alloys may be included like
aluminum, manganese, titanium, tungsten, vanadium and zirconium.
Thermo- plastic pipe
Composite pipe (ASTMD 2680)
Steel Round billets , the primary source
for manufacture.
Helical Resistance coil (HR ) required
to manufacture ERW pipes.
For LASW pipes HR plates are required.
Fig.6 Steel round billets Fig.7 coil form
1.2 Raw Materials
8. 7 1. Background
Composition of raw materials for seamless pipes
Elements
C
Si
S
P
Limit
0.20% max
0.10-0.35% max
0.01% max
0.02% max
Limit
0.20% max
0.15%- 0.35%
0.003 % max
0.020 % max
0.01 % max
2-3 % max
Composition of raw materials for pipe line/ heat exchangers
Elements
C
Si
S
P
N
Ca/S
1.2 Raw Materials …. Contd.
9. 1. Background
1.3 Tube verses pipe
Tube is a structure while a pipe is a vessel.
Fig 8. frame Fig.9 structure
Pipes are normally seamless product while tubes are mostly seam
welded.
8
10. 1. Background
1.4 Technology used for the production for tubes and pipes
CPE technology used for the production for seamless pipe
Fig.12 CPE process
Plug Mill technology used for higher
dimension seamless tube.
High frequency Induction welding
used for ERW pipes and tubes.
Fig.10 plug mill Fig.11 HFIW used for ERW pipe
9
11. 10 2. Introduction
• Steel Pipes may be :
Seamless Pipes : Manufactured
thoroughly without joints, as a single
piece via Rolling.
Seamed Pipes : Involve forming of
flat sheets and then joining ends by
various types of welding.
• Non Metallic i.e Plastic and PVC Pipes
are increasingly being used these days
as replacement of Metallic Pipes for
various applications.
• Plastic / PVC Pipes are Seamless and
generally manufactured by Extrusion
12. 11 3. Procedure
Tubes and
Pipes
From Metal /
Steel
From Non Metals
i.e. Plastics
Seamless Pipes
Seamed / Welded
Pipes
13. 12 3.1. Metallic Pipes
A. Seamless Pipes
• Pierce and Pilger process
• Plug rolling process
• Continuous mandrel rolling process
• Push bench process
• Pierce and Draw process
• Tube extrusion process
14. 13 3.1. Metallic Pipes / Seamless Pipes Contd.
PIERCE AND PILGER PROCESS
• Also known as manesmann process
• Cross roll piercing process
• For outside diameter of 60 to 660 mm.
• Length of pipe upto 18m.
15. 14 3.1. Metallic Pipes / Seamless Pipes Contd.
continuous mandrel process
• High performance production
process
• Uses modern drive and control
• Outer diameter of 60 to 178mm.
16. 15 3.1. Metallic Pipes / Seamless Pipes Contd.
PIERCE AND DRAW PROCESS
• For large diameter and large
wall thickness tubes
• Not suitable for mass
production
• Outer diameter 200 to 1450
mm.
• Wall thickness 20 to 270 mm.
• Power plant component,
hydraulic actuators, high
pressure cylinder and pressure
vessels.
17. 16 3.1. Metallic Pipes / Seamless Pipes Contd.
TUBE EXTRUSION PROCESS
• Tubes up to 230mm can
be produced
• First piercing and then
stretch reducing mill.
• For high alloy tubes,
starting material may be
drilled, then bored and
then extruded
18. 17 3.1. Metallic Pipes
B. Seamed / Welded Pipes
1. Forge welding(Fretz moon process).
2. Electric welding
3. Argon Arc welding
4. Various shielded gas welding process
Features
• Large capacity and long distance pipes can be produced
• Stainless steel and other non ferrous metal pipes can be produced
19. 18 3.1. Metallic Pipes / Seamed Pipes Contd.
FORGE WELDING PROCESS
• Oldest method(150 years back)
• Outer diameter range 6 to
2500mm
• Wall thickness 0.5 to 40mm
• Starting material-rolled flat
product
21. 20 3.1. Metallic Pipes / Seamed Pipes Contd.
FUSION WELDING PROCESS
PROCESS
• 3 roll bending process
• C ing press process
• U ing and O ing press process
• Spiral tube forming process
WELDING
• Submerged Arc welding
• Gas shield and submerged
arc welding
• Spiral and longitudinal
welding(for stainless stell and
non ferrous alloys)
22. SPIRAL PIPE PRODUCTION
• Helical seam pipe
• Pipe diameter
upto 2500mm
can be
produced
• No plate width
requied so from
single strip/skelp
various diameter
pipe can be
produced
21 3.1. Metallic Pipes / Seamed Pipes Contd.
23. 22 3.2. Plastic Pipes
Plastic Pipe Types :
1. Solid Wall Pipes 2. Structured Wall Pipes 3. Barrier Pipes
- General type, with
homogenous material
- Designed for specific uses
as per requirements
- Have specialized outer
cover
- Has flexible metallic layer in
between 2 plastic layers
- It provides additional
protection for fluid inside
- Eg. Drinking Water Pipe, for
preventing Chemicals /
Pollution Contamination
Materials for Plastic Pipes : Thermoplastics
• Polyvinyl Chloride – PVC
• Polypropylene – PP
• Polyethylene – PE
24. 23
Hopper
Heat + Pressure on Barrel
of Extruder
Molten Plastic Shaping of Pipes by Die
Cooling / Hardening
Granules / Pellets /
Flakes/Powder
Material
3.2. Plastic Pipes / Manufacturing Contd.
Very Long Lengths of pipes can be manufactured by this
process
Very long lengths can be made even by coiling on a reel
25. 24 3.3. Desirable Coating Characteristics
Effective electrical insulator
Effective moisture barrier
Good adhesion to pipe surface
Resistance to dis-bonding
Ease of repair
Non- toxic interaction with environment
Good hardness/ abrasion resistance
Good penetration resistance
Some examples are COAL TAR ENAMEL, FUSION BONDED EPOXY, 3
LAYER POLYETHYLYNE
26. 25 4. Applications (Generalized )
1. Industrial Applications
Hydro Carbon Processing Industries –
Refineries / Gas Processing / Petro
Chemical Units
Any, Every other industries involving flow
of normal/pressurized fluids
2. Transportation Applications – Pipelines
Trans – Boundary Oil/Gas Pipelines
Drinking Water Pipelines
Sewage/Dirt Transportation
3. Power Plants
Hydro Power Plants
Thermal Power Plants : Gas / Coal Fired
Wind Tunnels / Geo Thermal Plants
27. 26 4. Applications (Generalized ) Contd.
4. Construction
Trusses and Supporting structures
of Roof, Bridges, Railings,
Telecom Towers
5. Others
Bicycle Frames
Frame for high speed
Automotive
Hydraulic operations as in
Automotive, Aircrafts etc.
28. 5. Conclusion
The Present : Tubes and Pipes are Omnipresent and indispensable
The Future : Tubes and Pipes can be expected to have even broader and
wider applications
27
Areas of Research :
Better Welding Techniques
Better Tools for Manufacturing
Anti – Rust Systems
Improved Material Handling – Conveyors / Magnetic Lifting
Better Systems for Bending / Bent Pipes
Software Development for Automation
Improved Heat Treatment Systems / Procedures
29. 28 REFERENCES
1. The TPT Magazine – International Magazine in Tubes and Pipes Technology
2. Tenaris Corporation -- http://www.tenaris.com/en/default.aspx
3. TEPPFA – The European Plastic Pipes and Fitting Association
4. WERMAC -- http://www.wermac.org/
5. Others – www.google.com
THANK YOU !