SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  15
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh
11 fY%aKsh
1-3 olajd jQ tall i|yd flá igyka
ufyaIa fldä;=jlal=
BTech-ICT, MCTS, MIEEE,
Certificate in ICT(AIT-Thailand)National Dip in Teaching (Merit)
2
1- .eg¨ úi|Sug l%uf,aLk ,sùu
we,af.dß;u(Algorithm)
Algorithm hkq ගeg¨jla úi|Su i|yd wkqගukh lrk l%ufõoh wkqms<sfj<ska
,shd oelaùuhs'
we,afගdß;u ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd md,k jHqy Ndú;h
m%Odk md,k jHqy 3 la oelsh yel' tajd kï"
wkql%uh(Sequence)
we,af.dß;uhl පිහිටි පියලර කිහිපයක් හශෝ සියල්඼ම හශෝ ආරම්භක පියලරක සිට
අලවාන පියලර දක්ලා ඉශ඼ සිට පශෂට එකඑල්හල් අනුපිළිලලින් l%shd;aul කිරීම මින්
අදශව් හේ.
jrKh(Selection)
ඇල්හගොරිතමයක ඇතුෂත් හකොන්හේසියක් තෘප්තවීම හශෝ හනොවීම අනුල l%shd;aul කෂ
යුතු පියලර කුමක් ද යන්න දැක්වීම මින් අදශව් හේ.
mqk¾lrKh(Iteration)
ඇල්හගොරිතමයක පිහිටි පියලරක්/පියලර කිහිපයක් හශෝ හකොන්හේසියක් තෘප්ත ලන හතක්
හශෝ තෘප්තල පලතින හතක් නැලත සිදුවීම මින් දැක්හේ.
we,afගdß;u fගdvkeගsh yels wdldr 02 ls'

.e,Sï igyk(Flow Chart)

ගe,Sï igyka we|Su i|yd Ndú;d lrk ixfla; lsysmhls'
wdrïNh$wjidkh
;SrK fldgqj
ieliqu
o;a; ග,dhdu
wdodk$m%;sodk
iïnkaOl

jHdc fla;(Pseudo Codes)

mßගK l%u f,aLkhla fyda l%uf,aLk idOlhla tys iqúfYaI jQ jHQyh
fjkqjg ir, l%uhlskaa oelaùu iQfvda fldaâ f,i ye|skafõ' fuh mßගKl
l%uf,aLlfhl= fkdjk flfkකුg (Non Preprogrammer)jqjo f;areïග;
yels wdldrhg ir, niska olajkq ,efí'
3
l%uf,aLkhla hkq mßගKlhg hï ld¾hhla lsÍu i|yd ,ndfok úOdk
iy Wmfoia ud,djl tl;=jls'
l%uf,aLk NdIdjla (Programming Language) hkq mßගKlhg tjka úOdk
,ndoSug ilia lr we;s udOHhls' tla tla NdIdjlg wod< kS;s ud,djla
iy Wmfoia iuQyhla we;'
පශ඼ මට්ටහම් පරිගණක භා඿ා නැතහශොත් hkak% NdIdj (Machine Language)

jevigyka ,shk ,oafoa 0 yd 1 Ndú;d lr Machine Code tflks'

tneúka úOdk we;=<;a lsÍu b;d ixlS¾K ld¾hhla úh'

hka;%h u; hefmk NdIdjls

l%uf,aLlhd úiska mßගKlfha oDVdxග (Hardwere) ms<sn|j oekග;
hq;=fõ'

mßj¾;l uDÿldxගhla wjYH fkdùh'

jevigyka lshd;aul ùu fõගj;ah'
එහවම්බ්ලි භා඿ාල(Assembly Language)
 úOdk l%uh^ Machine Language) tlg idfmalaIj ir,h

úOdk ගKkdjla fjkqjg ixfla; Ndú;d lsÍu ksid ixfla; NdId
f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'

Assemblerkï jQ iqúfYaIS NdId mßj¾;lhla ixfla;d;aul NdIdj
hdka;%sl NdIdj njg mßj¾;kh lsÍu i|yd fhdod ගkakd ,oS' tho
hka;%h u; hefmk NdIdjls'

fuh m<uq mrïmrdjg jvd l%shdlaul jk fõගh wvqúh'
ඉශ඼ මට්ටහම් mßගKl NdId(High Level Language)
mß.Kl l%uf,aLkh lsÍfï NdIdj ixlS¾K;ajh wvqh' Ndú; lrk jpk
iy ixfla; ir, iy bxY%Sis NdIdjg fmdfyda fihska yqreh fuksid fuu
NdId හම්ලා ඉශ඼ මට්ටහම් භා඿ා හ඼ව ශැඳින්හේ
Wod (- FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C, Java, Python)
l%uf,aLk NdId j¾.
l%uf,aLk l%shdj,shg m%fõY ùu msKsi úl,am m%fõY ගKkdjla we;' tAjd
l%uf,aLk mervhsu (Paradigms) f,i ye¢kafõ'
4
mámdá.; (Procedural) yd m%ldYk (Declarative) l%uf,aL w;r fjki
mámdá.; NdIdjla hkq b;d fyd¢ka jHqy.; jQ mshjr ud,djlska iy mámdáj,ska
(Procedural) iukaú; mßගKl l%uf,aLk NdId j¾hls' අල඾්යj කුමක්ද ආකාරහේ
ලැඩවටශන් කරණයක් පටිපාට ගත කරණහේ දී භාවිත ලන අතර හකහවේ ද කෂ යුත්හත්
යනආකාරහේ l%uf,aLkhg උපහදව් ඼බා දීම m%ldYk l%ufhaoS අනුගමනය හකහේ.
my; oelafjkafka mámdá.; (Procedural) yd m%ldYk (Declarative) l%uf,aLk
fhdod .ksñka >kl ;=kla Ndú; fldg ;ks >kldNhla ;ekSug úOdk ,nd oS
we;s wdlrhhs'
mßගKl NdId mßj¾;l uDÿldxග(Programing Language Translators)
mßගKl NdIdjka uගිka ilia lrk ,o l%uf,aLhla (Computer Program)
mßගKlhka uගිka l%shd lrùug kï th hdka;%sl NdIdjg mßj¾;kh l< hq;=fõ'
ta i|yd mßගKl NdId mßj¾;l uDÿldxගNdú;d lrhs' mßගKl l%uf,aLkfha
uq,a msgm;Source Programf,i;a hdka;%sl NdIdjg mßj¾;kh l< msgm; Object
Program f,i;a y÷kajkq ,nhs' mßගKl NdId mßj¾;k uDÿldxග j¾ග 3 la we;'
5
Interpreter - ^w¾ථúkHdil& uQ,sl l%uf,aLkfha we;s fma<sfhka fma<sh hdka;%sl
NdIdjg yerùu fï uගska isÿ flf¾'
Compiler - ^iïmdol& uQ,sl l%uf,aLkfha we;s iïmQ¾K wka;¾ග;h tljr
hdka;%sl NdIdjg yerùu fï uගska isÿ flf¾'
Assembler - ^tl,ia&Assembly NdIdfjka ,shk ,o jev hdka;%sl NdIdjg yerùu
fuhska isÿ flf¾'
meial,a mß.Kl NdIdj
• meial,a mß.Kl NdIdj 1970 oS ksl,ia j¾;a úiska y÷kajd fok ,oS
• th procedural programming j¾.hg wh;a mß.Kl NdIdjls
y÷kajk ^Identifiers)
y÷kajkhla hkq úp,Hhla (Variable) ksh;hla (Constant) fyda l%uf,aLkhla
(Program) ye¢kaùu i|yd fhdod .kakd kuls
j,x.= y÷kajk
Wod-
 myname
 My_name
 My2name
 myname2
o;a; m%rEm ^Data Types)
úp,H (Variables)
l%uf,aLh l%shd;aul jk úg y÷kajkh i|yd mjrk ,o w.hka fjkia jk
y÷kajk" úp,Hhla f,i kï flf¾'
Wod-
var myname:string;
ksh; (Const)
l%uf,aLh l%shd;aul jk úg y÷kajkh i|yd mjrk ,o w.hka fjkia fkdjk
y÷kajk" ksh; f,i kï flf¾'
const pi:=22/7;
6
ldrl (Operators)
ldrl fkdue;s j .Kkh lsÍu" ixikaokh lsÍu iy ;d¾lsl m%ldYk f.dv
ke.Su l< fkdyels h' tneúka l%uf,aL ,sùug ldrl w;HjYH fõ'
ldrl (Operators) j¾. lssysmhla ´kEu mß.Kl NdIdjl oelsh yel
1. wxl .Ks;uh ldrl
2. iei֕ ldrl
3. ;d¾lsl ldrl
If Ndú;h
hï fldkafoaishla ;Dma; jk wjia:djl oS l%Shd;aul ùu i|yd If fhdod .kq
,efí'
if fldkafoaish then
ksjeros kï l%shd;aul jk j.ka;s fyda j.ka;sh
If …then …else Ndú;h
if fldkafoaish then
ksjeros kï l%shd;aul jk j.ka;s fyda j.ka;sh
else
ksjeros fkdfõ kï l%shd;aul jk j.ka;s fyda j.ka;sh
meial,a mß.Kl NdIdfjys Ndú; jk mqk¾lrK j¾. 3ls
• FOR DO jHqyh
• While DO jHqyh
• Repeat Until jHqyh
FOR DO jHqyh
jdr .Kk ksYaÑ;j okakd wjia:d j,oS FOR DO jHqyh Ndú; l< yel
Wod-
For n:=1 to 10 do
Write(n);
while do jHqyh
mqk¾lrKh wdrïNfha oS fldkafoaish mÍlaId lr n,d l%shd;aul ùu isÿfõ' fuys
oS fldkafoaish i;H kï muKla mqk¾lrKh l%shd;aul fõ'
Wod-
n:=1;
while n<=10 do
Write(n);
n:=n+1;
7
Repeat… Until jHqyh
mqk¾lrKh wdrïNfha oS fldkafoaish mÍlaId lsÍu isÿjkafka ke;' fldkafoaish
wi;Hkï muKla mqk¾lrKh werfò'
n:=1;
Repeat
Write(n);
n:=n+1
Until n>10
wrdj Ndú;h
tlu o;a; m%rEmhg wh;a o;a; tlu kula fhdod .ksñka u;lfhys ;nd .ekSug
wrdj Ndú; l< yel
var num:array[0..4]of integer;
2-f;dr;=re moaO;s
moaO;shla hkq
hïlsis ksYaÑ; ld¾hhla $ wruqKla bgq lr ගekSu i|yd tu wruqKg$ld¾hhg
w;HjYH jk ksYaÑ; l%shdj,ss isÿ lrk tlsfklg iïnkaO;djhka we;s úúO
ix>Glhkafග් tl;=jls'
moaO;sh
Wm moaO;s
moaO;s iSudj
moaO;shl oelsh yels m%Odk ix>Gl
wdodk ieliqu m%;sodk
f;dr;=re moaO;s
o;a; f;dr;=re njg mßj¾;kh lrk moaO;shla ñka woyia fõ' f;dr;=re moaO;s
fldgia follg fnfoa'
1' yia;suh moaO;s 2' mßගKl u; mokï jQ moaO;s
10 32
num[0]
8
yia;suh moaO;s
ish¨u ieliqï w;ska isÿ lrk moaO;s ñka woyia fõ'
yia;suh moaO;shl we;s jdis
wdrïNh i|yd jeh jk msßjeh wju ùu'
iq¿ mßudK jHdmdr j,g jvd fyd|ska ගe<mSu'
yia;suh moaO;shl wjdis
ukaoගdó yd wld¾hCIu fõ'
uyd mßudK jHdmdrhkag ගe<fmkafka ke;'
mß.Kl u; mokï jQ f;dr;=re moaO;s
oDVdx. uDÿldx. ld¾hh mámdá o;a; yd f;dr;=re iy tajd Ndú;d lrkakka yryd
o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;a lsÍu fujeks moaO;shlska isÿ fõ'
mß.Kl u; mokï jQ f;dr;=re moaO;shl jdis

ld¾hCIu;djh b;d by<h

o;a; ;ekam;a lsÍug jeä bvla wjYH fkdfõ'

fõ.j;ah

o;a; Wmia: msgm;a ;nd .; yels ksid o;a;j, wdrlaIdj ;yjqre fõ'
mß.Kl u; mokï jQ mß.Kl u; mokï jQ f;dr;=re moaO;shl wjdis
 wdrïNl msßjeh b;d by<h
moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk pl%h
f;dr;=re moaO;shla f.dvke.Sug fhdod .efkk mshjr moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk
pl%h kï fõ' tys m%Odk mshjr yhls'
1. wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu
2. úi÷ï ie,iqï lsÍu'
3. úi÷u fla; lrKh
4. úi÷u mÍlaId lsÍu yd
fodaI bj;a lsÍu
5. moaO;sh msysgqùu
6. moaO;sh kv;a;= lsÍu
1-wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu
oekg mj;sk moaOlsfha mQ¾K úuid ne,Sula isÿ lrK w;r kj moaO;sfhka
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wruqKq" m%;s,dN yd ld¾hlaIu;dj .ek f,aLkhla
f.dvke.Su isÿfõ' moaO;s úYaf,aYl úiska mj;sk moaO;sh úia;rd;aul
wOHhkhla isÿ lsÍu o fuu mshjf¾ oS isÿfõ'
fuu mshjf¾ oS f;dr;=re /ia lr .ekSug Ndú; lrk l%ufõo lsysmhls
Wod -
1. ksÍlaIKh
2. iïuqL idlÉPd
3. m%Yakdj,s
4. jd¾;d yd ,sms f.dKq
ksÍlaIKh
5. uQ,do¾Y Ndú;h
2-úi÷ï ie,iqï lsÍu
9
ie,iqï ieliSu" wjYH uDÿldx. y÷kd .ekSu" uDÿldx. ks¾ñ;h y÷kd .ekSu
fuys oS isÿfõ' w;=re uqyqK;a yd o;a; mdol ieliSu o isÿjkafka fuu mshjf¾ oSh'
3-úi÷ï fla;lrKh
moaO;s ie,iqïlrKfha oS f;dard .;a ix>Gl WmmoaO;s wdosh mß.Kl NdIdjla
u.ska ක්රuf,aLkh lsÍu fuu mshjf¾ oS isÿfõ'
4-úi÷ï mÍlaId lsÍu yd fodaI bj;a lsÍu
moaO;sfhys mj;sk fla;k" ie,iqï fyda wjYH;d fodaY y÷kdf.k ksjeros lsÍu
fuu mshjf¾ oS isÿfõ'
úi÷ï mÍlaId lsÍfï l%u lsysmhla fõ'
tall mÍlaIdj
moaO;sfha tla tla tall fjk fjku f.k fodaI mÍlaIdj ñka woyiafõ'
iuia: mÍlaIdj
tall taldnoaO fldg mÍlaId lsÍu iuia: mÍlaIdj kïfõ'
moaO;s mÍlaIdj
iïmQ¾K moaO;shg wdodk ,nd foñka ksjeros m%;sodkh ,efíoehs mÍlaId lsÍu ñka
woyiafõ'
m%;s.%yK mÍlaIdj
moaO;s mÍlaIdfjka wk;=rej isÿ flf¾' mßYS,lhka úiska isÿlrk w;r Tjqka
wod, moaO;sh ms<s.ekSu fyda fkd.ekSu fï u; isÿfõ'
5-moaO;sh msysgqùu
ilik ,o moaO;sh mß.Klh ;=< ia:dmkh lr jev lsÍu ñka woyia flf¾'
mßYS,lhka mqyqKq lsÍug isÿjkafka fuu mshjf¾oSh'
kj mß.Kl moaO;sh wdh;khlg y÷kajdoSfï oS l%shd;aul l< yels ක්රfu
lsysmhls'
1- iDcq l%shd;aul lsÍu mj;sk moaO;sh bj;a fldg kj mß.Kl
moaO;sh y÷kajd oSu'
2- iudka;r l%shd;aul lsÍu mj;sk moaO;sh yd kj moaO;sh hk folu
ksYaÑ; ld,hla l%shd;aul lsÍu'
3- kshuq l%shd;aul lsÍu merKs moaO;sfha f;dard .;a fldgila kj
moaO;shg fhduq fldg l%shd;aul lsÍu'
4- woshruh l%shd;aul lsÍu
merKs moaO;sfha f;dard.;a fldgia mshjr
jYfhka kj moaO;shg ia:dmkh lsÍu'
tall mÍlaIdj iuia: mÍlaIdj moaO;s mÍlaIdj m%;s.%yK mÍlaIdj
10
6-moaO;s kv;a;= lsÍu
ksjerosj moaO;sh mj;ajd f.k hdug wjYH hdj;ald,Sk lsÍï lrñka mj;ajd
.ekSu ñka woyia fõ'
moaO;s ixj¾Ok wdlD;s
moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk pl%h ;=< oelsh yels wdlD;s .Kkdjls' bka lsysmhla my;
oelafõ'
1. osh we,s wdlD;sh
2. mqk¾lrK jDoaê wdlD;sh
3. uQ,do¾Y wdlD;sh
4. i¾ms, wdlD;sh
osh we,s wdlD;sh
 m<uqj wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu isÿfõ
 tla mshjrla weröug Bg m<uq mshjr wjika l< hq;=h
 wjika m%;sM,h oel .ekSug moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk pl%fha wjika woshr
olajd n,d isgh hq;=h
 moaO;sh wid¾:l ùfï wjOdku by<h
 fyd|ska wjYH;d y÷kd.;a moaO;s j,g .e,fma'
mqk¾lrK jDoaê wdlD;sh
 moaO;sh ixj¾Okh jk ;=re kej; kej; iliñka jeäoshqKq lsÍu fuys
isÿfõ
 moaO;sh wid¾:l ùfï wjOdku b;d wvqh
3- wka;¾cd,h yd úoHq;a ;emE,
 f,dj mqrd cd, rdYshl tl;=jla wka;¾cd,h kïfõ'
 wka;¾cd,fhys we;s f;dr;=re yqjudre lsÍug http (Hyper Text Transport
Protocol) kï kshudj,sh Ndú; fõ'
URL hkq l=ulao@
fjí wvú ;=< mj;sk úúO iïm;a wkkH;dj y÷kd .ekSug Ndú; lrk l%uh
taldldr iïm;a ksYapdhlh kïfõ'^ URL- Uniform Resource Locator &
wjYH;d y÷kd
.ekSu
úi÷ï ie,iqï
lsÍu
úi÷ï l%shd;aul
lsÍu
úi÷ï mÍlaIdj
yd ksjeros lsÍu
moaO;sh mysgqùu
moaO;sh kv;a;=
lsÍu
11
http: // www.schoolnet.lk/sinhala/ itbooks.html
IP ,smsk hkq fudkjdo@
 wka;¾cd,fha we;s iEu mß.Klhlau fjka lr y÷kd .; yels wxlh IP
,smsk kïfõ'
 0 isg 255 olajd jQ w.hka 4 la u.ska IPIV j¾.fha ,smsk ksrEmKh fõ'
Wod- 10.202.3.1
 fïjd ,nd fokafka wka;¾cd, fiajd iemhqïlre úisks'
jiï kduh (Domain Name)
www.google.com
we;eï by, jiï kdu u.ska tu jiï ,smskh wh;a lafIa;%h y÷kd .; yel'
Wod-
.com jdkscuh fjí wvú
.org ,dn fkd,nk wdh;k ixúOdk j,g wh;a fjí wvú
we;eï by, jiï kdu u.ska tu jiï ,smskh wh;a jk rg y÷kd .; yel'
Wod-
.lk Y%S ,xldj .in bkaoshdj
wka;¾cd,fhys fufyhqu isÿjk wdldrh
1. mßYS,lhd úiska fjí w;sßlaiqj yryd URL tl we;=`t lsÍu'
Wod- www.facebook.com
2. fjí w;ßlaiqj URL tl DNS i¾jrhg fhduq lsÍu'
3. DNS i¾jrh URL tlg wod, IP ,smskh njg m;a lsÍu'
Wod- www.facebook.com  192.162.10.2
4. IP ,smskh we;s fjí i¾jrhg wod, b,a,Su fhduq lsÍu'
5. fjí i¾jrh u.ska HTML o;a; kej; ,nd oSu'
6. fjí msgqj fjí w;sßlaiqj u.ska o¾Ykh lsÍu'
nyq,j Ndú; jk kshudj,s lsysmhla
HTTP -Hyper Text Transport Protocol-
 HTTP f,aLk yqjudrej isÿlrhs'
TCP/IP- Trasmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol-
 IP ,smsk yqjudrej md,kh lrhs'
FTP-File Transfer Protocol
 f.dkq yqjudrej isÿ lsÍug Woõ fjhs'
SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
kshudj,sh fiajdj jiï kduh iïm;a
mj;sk
ia:dkh
iïm;a
f.dKq
by, jiï kduh
12
 úoHq;a ;eme,a yqjudrej isÿ lsÍug Woõ fjhs'
ICMP-Internet Control Message Protocol
 fodaI we;s úg mKsjqv oelaùu yd mKsjqv md,kh'
wka;¾cd,fhys Ndú; jk fiajdodhl mß.Kl lsysmhla my; oelafõ'
 Web Server - fjí msgqj ;ekam;a lr we;s mrs.Klh" tys fiajd ,dNS
mrs.Kl j,g fjí msgq ,nd foa
 Mail Server - úoHq;a ;eme,a ;ekam;a lr ;nd .kS'
 DNS Server - URL ,smsk IP ,smskh njg m;a lsÍu'
wka;¾cd,fhys oelsh yels fiajd
 WWW
 úoHq;a ;emE,
 f.dkq yqjudre
kshudj,sh
 ÿria: msúiqu
 f.dkq fnod
yeÍu
 nyq udOH
iemhqu
 fijqï hka;%
f,dal jHdma; cd,h (WWW)
wka;¾cd,hg iïnkaO fiajdjls' wka;¾cd,hg iïnkaOj we;s úoHq;a f,aLk
rdYshl tl;=jls' Y%Su;a áï n¾kaia ,S uy;d úiska fuh ks¾udKh lrk ,oS'
fjí w;sßlaiq lsysmhla
 Google crome
 Mozilla Firefox
 Internet Explorer
 Microsoft Edge
 Safari
 Opera
FTP hkq fudkjdo@
úYd, m%udKfha f.dkq fiajdodhl mß.Kl fj; heùug fhdod .efkk
kshudj,shls
ÿria: msúiqu
wka;¾cd,fha we;s mß.Kl ÿria:j isg md,kh yd yeisrùug Ndú; jk
;dlaIKhls'
f.dkq fnodyeÍu
fiajdodhl mß.Klhl we;s iïm;a fiajd,dNS mß.Kl w;f¾ yjqf,a Ndú; lsÍu
f.dkq fnod yeÍu kïfõ'
nyqudOH iemhqu
nyqudOH f;dr;=re^ mdG" Y%jH" oDYH & wka;¾cd,h fhdod f.k mß.Kl w;r
f;dr;=re yqjudre lsÍu ñka woyiafõ'
fijqï hka;%
wka;¾cd,fha we;s f;dr;=re myiqfjka uQ,mo fhdoñka fidhd .ekSug Woõ jk
uDÿldx. ñka woyiafõ'
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
www.bing.com
www.msn.com
ikaksfúokh i|yd wka;¾cd,h Ndú; jk wdldrh
úoHq;a ;emE,
maheshkodit@outlook.com
mßYS,l
kduh
jiï
kduh
13
E-mail j,oS yuqjk m%Odk fldgia
To - ,smsh ,nkakdf.a E-mail ,smskh ,súh hq;= ia:dkh tlu ,smsh lsysmfofkකුg
hjhs kï fldud ( Commas (,) ) fyda ;s;a fldud (Semicolon (;) ) fhdod ,smskhka
we;=<;a l< yel'
CC (Carbon Copy) f,i y÷kajhs' fuys E-mail ,smskh we;=<;a l< úg
tysysñlreg ,smsfha msgm;la ,efí' wfkla ,sms ,nk ish¨fokdg ,smsfha msgm;a
,efnkafka ldgoehs y÷kd .; yel'
BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) f,i y÷kajhs' fuh "Cc" wdldrhu jk w;rfjkilg
we;af;a wfkකු;a ,sms ,nkakkag BCC j, ,smskhka i|yka jQ wh ljqrekaoehs
oek.; fkdyels ùuhs'
Subject ,smsh කුula ms<sn|joehs bÕshla oSug fuh fhdod .kS'
Attacment E-mail ,smsh iu. hjk Bg iïnkaO fkdjQ file tlla f,i
fuhye|skaúh yelsh' ,nkakdg th újD; lsÍug ;u mß.Klfha ;ekam;a lsÍug
(Save) yd fjkia lsÍug (Edit) jeks File iu. lrk ls%hdjka l< yel' fï iu.
Word Excel, Database, Sound, Image jeks කුvd *hs,a Atachment f,i
ye|skaúhyelsh' kuq;a ,sms ,nkakdg tajd újD; lsÍug wod< uDÿldx.h ;sìh
hq;=h'
Reply ,smsh tjkq ,enQ mqoa.,hdg ms<s;=re heùug Reply Button tl Click l<yel'
túg "To" ys ,smsh tjQ mqoa.,hdf.a ,smskh we;=<;a jk ksid ,smsh hjkakdg
th myiqjls'
Forward ,enQ ,smsh fjk;a flfkකුg heúu i|yd Forward Button Ndú;d
l<yel'
Drafts heùug ilia lrk ,o kuq;a iïmQ¾K fkdl< ,sms
Spam/Junk whdús; ,sms
ùäfhda iïuka;%K
ÿria: ia:dk j, isák mqoa.,hka wka;¾cd,h yryd Y%jH oDYH l%uhg ixjdo j,
fhoSu ñka woyia fõ' ta i|yd my; foa wjYH fõ'
mß.Kl" fjí leurd " wka;¾cd, myiqlï" ikaksfõok uDÿldx.
iudc cd,
wka;¾cd,h Ndú; lrñka iudc iïnkaOd f.dv ke`.Su yd mj;ajd f.k hdu
iudc cd, u.ska isÿfõ'
www.facebook.com
www.twitter.com
www.youtube.com
14
j,dl=`t mß.Kl ixl,amh
cx.u Wmdx. /yeka rys; udOH Tiafia iïnkaO ù ;ukag wjYH fiajd ,nd
.ekSu yd f;dr;=re ke;am;a lsÍfï fjí mdol fiajdj j,dl=`t mß.Kl ixl,amh
kïfõ'
j,dl=`t mß.Kl u.ska my; fiajd bgq lrkq ,efí
 há;, myiqlï fuj,ula f,i ^ IaaS &
mß.Kl j,g w;;H mßirhla ;kd oS fiajd odhl mß.Kl j, iyfhka
o;a; .nvd lsÍu yd tajd Ndú; lsÍfï myiqlu ,nd oSu
 ixj¾Ok mßir fiajdjla f,i^ PaaS &
uDÿldx. ixj¾Okh yd uDÿldx. Odjkh i|yd mßirhla ;kd oSu'
 uDÿldx. fiajdjla f,i^ SaaS &
uDÿldx. ;u mß.Kl j, ia:dmkh fkdlr wka;¾cd,h ;=< ia:dmkh
lr we;s uDÿldx. Ndú; lsÍfï myiqlu ,nd oSu
15

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

grade 10 ict New syllabus
grade 10 ict New syllabusgrade 10 ict New syllabus
grade 10 ict New syllabus
 
Internet and Email -O/L ICT
Internet and Email -O/L ICTInternet and Email -O/L ICT
Internet and Email -O/L ICT
 
Grade 10 -ICT
Grade 10 -ICTGrade 10 -ICT
Grade 10 -ICT
 
පරිගණකයේ විකාශය
පරිගණකයේ විකාශයපරිගණකයේ විකාශය
පරිගණකයේ විකාශය
 
Network Devices
Network DevicesNetwork Devices
Network Devices
 
Pascal programming language
Pascal programming languagePascal programming language
Pascal programming language
 
G.C.E.A/L Operating Systems
G.C.E.A/L Operating Systems G.C.E.A/L Operating Systems
G.C.E.A/L Operating Systems
 
Ict grade 11 term notes
Ict grade 11  term notesIct grade 11  term notes
Ict grade 11 term notes
 
Operating Systems::: G.C.E O/L
Operating Systems::: G.C.E O/LOperating Systems::: G.C.E O/L
Operating Systems::: G.C.E O/L
 
G.C.E. O/L ICT Lessons Database sinhala
 G.C.E. O/L ICT Lessons Database sinhala G.C.E. O/L ICT Lessons Database sinhala
G.C.E. O/L ICT Lessons Database sinhala
 
AL ICT -Part 2
AL ICT -Part 2AL ICT -Part 2
AL ICT -Part 2
 
Grade 10 1st Term IT Notes
Grade 10 1st Term IT NotesGrade 10 1st Term IT Notes
Grade 10 1st Term IT Notes
 
AL ICT -Part 1
AL ICT -Part 1AL ICT -Part 1
AL ICT -Part 1
 
Grade10 ICT model Paper
Grade10 ICT model PaperGrade10 ICT model Paper
Grade10 ICT model Paper
 
Input and Output Devicesආදාන හා ප්‍රතිදාන උපාංග
Input and Output Devicesආදාන හා ප්‍රතිදාන උපාංගInput and Output Devicesආදාන හා ප්‍රතිදාන උපාංග
Input and Output Devicesආදාන හා ප්‍රතිදාන උපාංග
 
G.C.E AL Model Papers
G.C.E AL Model PapersG.C.E AL Model Papers
G.C.E AL Model Papers
 
GIT Model Paper
GIT Model PaperGIT Model Paper
GIT Model Paper
 
Ict grade 10
Ict grade 10Ict grade 10
Ict grade 10
 
දත්ත සහ තොරතුරු
දත්ත සහ තොරතුරුදත්ත සහ තොරතුරු
දත්ත සහ තොරතුරු
 
Arduino Basic for Grade 9
Arduino Basic for Grade 9Arduino Basic for Grade 9
Arduino Basic for Grade 9
 

Plus de Mahesh Kodituwakku

DFD,Activity Diagram ,Document Flow Diagram
DFD,Activity Diagram ,Document Flow DiagramDFD,Activity Diagram ,Document Flow Diagram
DFD,Activity Diagram ,Document Flow DiagramMahesh Kodituwakku
 
G.C.E O/L Model Papers( for 2019)
G.C.E O/L Model Papers( for 2019)G.C.E O/L Model Papers( for 2019)
G.C.E O/L Model Papers( for 2019)Mahesh Kodituwakku
 
දකුණු පලාත් උසස් පෙළ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රය 2019
දකුණු පලාත් උසස් පෙළ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රය 2019දකුණු පලාත් උසස් පෙළ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රය 2019
දකුණු පලාත් උසස් පෙළ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රය 2019Mahesh Kodituwakku
 
7 වන ඒකකය - පද්ධති විශ්ලේශනය හා පිරිසැලසුම
7 වන ඒකකය - පද්ධති විශ්ලේශනය හා පිරිසැලසුම7 වන ඒකකය - පද්ධති විශ්ලේශනය හා පිරිසැලසුම
7 වන ඒකකය - පද්ධති විශ්ලේශනය හා පිරිසැලසුමMahesh Kodituwakku
 
HTML,CSS,PHP Questions -AL ICT
HTML,CSS,PHP Questions -AL ICTHTML,CSS,PHP Questions -AL ICT
HTML,CSS,PHP Questions -AL ICTMahesh Kodituwakku
 

Plus de Mahesh Kodituwakku (20)

ICT Model Paper
ICT Model PaperICT Model Paper
ICT Model Paper
 
AL ICT Lesson 1 Questions
AL ICT Lesson 1 QuestionsAL ICT Lesson 1 Questions
AL ICT Lesson 1 Questions
 
OSI Model
OSI ModelOSI Model
OSI Model
 
G.C.E O/L and A/L Lessons
G.C.E O/L and A/L LessonsG.C.E O/L and A/L Lessons
G.C.E O/L and A/L Lessons
 
G.C.E.AL ICT
G.C.E.AL ICT G.C.E.AL ICT
G.C.E.AL ICT
 
G.C.E. O/L ICT
G.C.E. O/L ICTG.C.E. O/L ICT
G.C.E. O/L ICT
 
AI
AIAI
AI
 
DFD,Activity Diagram ,Document Flow Diagram
DFD,Activity Diagram ,Document Flow DiagramDFD,Activity Diagram ,Document Flow Diagram
DFD,Activity Diagram ,Document Flow Diagram
 
AL ICT Lesson 13
AL ICT Lesson 13AL ICT Lesson 13
AL ICT Lesson 13
 
HTML Questions
HTML QuestionsHTML Questions
HTML Questions
 
G.C.E O/L Model Papers( for 2019)
G.C.E O/L Model Papers( for 2019)G.C.E O/L Model Papers( for 2019)
G.C.E O/L Model Papers( for 2019)
 
G.C.E A/L ICT Grade 12 paper
G.C.E A/L ICT Grade 12 paperG.C.E A/L ICT Grade 12 paper
G.C.E A/L ICT Grade 12 paper
 
දකුණු පලාත් උසස් පෙළ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රය 2019
දකුණු පලාත් උසස් පෙළ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රය 2019දකුණු පලාත් උසස් පෙළ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රය 2019
දකුණු පලාත් උසස් පෙළ තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍රය 2019
 
ICT Grade 8 and 9
ICT Grade 8 and 9ICT Grade 8 and 9
ICT Grade 8 and 9
 
Grade 7 ICT
Grade 7 ICTGrade 7 ICT
Grade 7 ICT
 
7 වන ඒකකය - පද්ධති විශ්ලේශනය හා පිරිසැලසුම
7 වන ඒකකය - පද්ධති විශ්ලේශනය හා පිරිසැලසුම7 වන ඒකකය - පද්ධති විශ්ලේශනය හා පිරිසැලසුම
7 වන ඒකකය - පද්ධති විශ්ලේශනය හා පිරිසැලසුම
 
Lesson 12- G.C.E.A/L ICT
Lesson 12- G.C.E.A/L ICTLesson 12- G.C.E.A/L ICT
Lesson 12- G.C.E.A/L ICT
 
IOT G.C.E AL ICT Questions
IOT G.C.E AL ICT QuestionsIOT G.C.E AL ICT Questions
IOT G.C.E AL ICT Questions
 
HTML,CSS,PHP Questions -AL ICT
HTML,CSS,PHP Questions -AL ICTHTML,CSS,PHP Questions -AL ICT
HTML,CSS,PHP Questions -AL ICT
 
AL Questions - Programing
AL Questions - Programing AL Questions - Programing
AL Questions - Programing
 

Dernier

محاضرات الاحصاء التطبيقي لطلاب علوم الرياضة.pdf
محاضرات الاحصاء التطبيقي لطلاب علوم الرياضة.pdfمحاضرات الاحصاء التطبيقي لطلاب علوم الرياضة.pdf
محاضرات الاحصاء التطبيقي لطلاب علوم الرياضة.pdfKhaled Elbattawy
 
Saunanaine_Helen Moppel_JUHENDATUD SAUNATEENUSE JA LOODUSMATKA SÜNERGIA_strat...
Saunanaine_Helen Moppel_JUHENDATUD SAUNATEENUSE JA LOODUSMATKA SÜNERGIA_strat...Saunanaine_Helen Moppel_JUHENDATUD SAUNATEENUSE JA LOODUSMATKA SÜNERGIA_strat...
Saunanaine_Helen Moppel_JUHENDATUD SAUNATEENUSE JA LOODUSMATKA SÜNERGIA_strat...Eesti Loodusturism
 
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
ClimART Action    |    eTwinning ProjectClimART Action    |    eTwinning Project
ClimART Action | eTwinning ProjectNuckles
 
Bahare Shariat Jild 1 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
Bahare Shariat Jild 1 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali AzmiBahare Shariat Jild 1 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
Bahare Shariat Jild 1 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmibookbahareshariat
 
Bahare Shariat Jild 2 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
Bahare Shariat Jild 2 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali AzmiBahare Shariat Jild 2 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
Bahare Shariat Jild 2 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmibookbahareshariat
 
Cuando callaron las armas es un título de lectura para escolares de enseñanza...
Cuando callaron las armas es un título de lectura para escolares de enseñanza...Cuando callaron las armas es un título de lectura para escolares de enseñanza...
Cuando callaron las armas es un título de lectura para escolares de enseñanza...chamboli
 

Dernier (7)

محاضرات الاحصاء التطبيقي لطلاب علوم الرياضة.pdf
محاضرات الاحصاء التطبيقي لطلاب علوم الرياضة.pdfمحاضرات الاحصاء التطبيقي لطلاب علوم الرياضة.pdf
محاضرات الاحصاء التطبيقي لطلاب علوم الرياضة.pdf
 
Saunanaine_Helen Moppel_JUHENDATUD SAUNATEENUSE JA LOODUSMATKA SÜNERGIA_strat...
Saunanaine_Helen Moppel_JUHENDATUD SAUNATEENUSE JA LOODUSMATKA SÜNERGIA_strat...Saunanaine_Helen Moppel_JUHENDATUD SAUNATEENUSE JA LOODUSMATKA SÜNERGIA_strat...
Saunanaine_Helen Moppel_JUHENDATUD SAUNATEENUSE JA LOODUSMATKA SÜNERGIA_strat...
 
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
ClimART Action    |    eTwinning ProjectClimART Action    |    eTwinning Project
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
 
Energy drink .
Energy drink                           .Energy drink                           .
Energy drink .
 
Bahare Shariat Jild 1 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
Bahare Shariat Jild 1 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali AzmiBahare Shariat Jild 1 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
Bahare Shariat Jild 1 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
 
Bahare Shariat Jild 2 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
Bahare Shariat Jild 2 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali AzmiBahare Shariat Jild 2 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
Bahare Shariat Jild 2 By SadurshSharia Mufti Amjad Ali Azmi
 
Cuando callaron las armas es un título de lectura para escolares de enseñanza...
Cuando callaron las armas es un título de lectura para escolares de enseñanza...Cuando callaron las armas es un título de lectura para escolares de enseñanza...
Cuando callaron las armas es un título de lectura para escolares de enseñanza...
 

G.C.E O/L ICT Short Notes Grade-11

  • 1. f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh 11 fY%aKsh 1-3 olajd jQ tall i|yd flá igyka ufyaIa fldä;=jlal= BTech-ICT, MCTS, MIEEE, Certificate in ICT(AIT-Thailand)National Dip in Teaching (Merit)
  • 2. 2 1- .eg¨ úi|Sug l%uf,aLk ,sùu we,af.dß;u(Algorithm) Algorithm hkq ගeg¨jla úi|Su i|yd wkqගukh lrk l%ufõoh wkqms<sfj<ska ,shd oelaùuhs' we,afගdß;u ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd md,k jHqy Ndú;h m%Odk md,k jHqy 3 la oelsh yel' tajd kï" wkql%uh(Sequence) we,af.dß;uhl පිහිටි පියලර කිහිපයක් හශෝ සියල්඼ම හශෝ ආරම්භක පියලරක සිට අලවාන පියලර දක්ලා ඉශ඼ සිට පශෂට එකඑල්හල් අනුපිළිලලින් l%shd;aul කිරීම මින් අදශව් හේ. jrKh(Selection) ඇල්හගොරිතමයක ඇතුෂත් හකොන්හේසියක් තෘප්තවීම හශෝ හනොවීම අනුල l%shd;aul කෂ යුතු පියලර කුමක් ද යන්න දැක්වීම මින් අදශව් හේ. mqk¾lrKh(Iteration) ඇල්හගොරිතමයක පිහිටි පියලරක්/පියලර කිහිපයක් හශෝ හකොන්හේසියක් තෘප්ත ලන හතක් හශෝ තෘප්තල පලතින හතක් නැලත සිදුවීම මින් දැක්හේ. we,afගdß;u fගdvkeගsh yels wdldr 02 ls'  .e,Sï igyk(Flow Chart)  ගe,Sï igyka we|Su i|yd Ndú;d lrk ixfla; lsysmhls' wdrïNh$wjidkh ;SrK fldgqj ieliqu o;a; ග,dhdu wdodk$m%;sodk iïnkaOl  jHdc fla;(Pseudo Codes)  mßගK l%u f,aLkhla fyda l%uf,aLk idOlhla tys iqúfYaI jQ jHQyh fjkqjg ir, l%uhlskaa oelaùu iQfvda fldaâ f,i ye|skafõ' fuh mßගKl l%uf,aLlfhl= fkdjk flfkකුg (Non Preprogrammer)jqjo f;areïග; yels wdldrhg ir, niska olajkq ,efí'
  • 3. 3 l%uf,aLkhla hkq mßගKlhg hï ld¾hhla lsÍu i|yd ,ndfok úOdk iy Wmfoia ud,djl tl;=jls' l%uf,aLk NdIdjla (Programming Language) hkq mßගKlhg tjka úOdk ,ndoSug ilia lr we;s udOHhls' tla tla NdIdjlg wod< kS;s ud,djla iy Wmfoia iuQyhla we;' පශ඼ මට්ටහම් පරිගණක භා඿ා නැතහශොත් hkak% NdIdj (Machine Language)  jevigyka ,shk ,oafoa 0 yd 1 Ndú;d lr Machine Code tflks'  tneúka úOdk we;=<;a lsÍu b;d ixlS¾K ld¾hhla úh'  hka;%h u; hefmk NdIdjls  l%uf,aLlhd úiska mßගKlfha oDVdxග (Hardwere) ms<sn|j oekග; hq;=fõ'  mßj¾;l uDÿldxගhla wjYH fkdùh'  jevigyka lshd;aul ùu fõගj;ah' එහවම්බ්ලි භා඿ාල(Assembly Language)  úOdk l%uh^ Machine Language) tlg idfmalaIj ir,h  úOdk ගKkdjla fjkqjg ixfla; Ndú;d lsÍu ksid ixfla; NdId f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'  Assemblerkï jQ iqúfYaIS NdId mßj¾;lhla ixfla;d;aul NdIdj hdka;%sl NdIdj njg mßj¾;kh lsÍu i|yd fhdod ගkakd ,oS' tho hka;%h u; hefmk NdIdjls'  fuh m<uq mrïmrdjg jvd l%shdlaul jk fõගh wvqúh' ඉශ඼ මට්ටහම් mßගKl NdId(High Level Language) mß.Kl l%uf,aLkh lsÍfï NdIdj ixlS¾K;ajh wvqh' Ndú; lrk jpk iy ixfla; ir, iy bxY%Sis NdIdjg fmdfyda fihska yqreh fuksid fuu NdId හම්ලා ඉශ඼ මට්ටහම් භා඿ා හ඼ව ශැඳින්හේ Wod (- FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C, Java, Python) l%uf,aLk NdId j¾. l%uf,aLk l%shdj,shg m%fõY ùu msKsi úl,am m%fõY ගKkdjla we;' tAjd l%uf,aLk mervhsu (Paradigms) f,i ye¢kafõ'
  • 4. 4 mámdá.; (Procedural) yd m%ldYk (Declarative) l%uf,aL w;r fjki mámdá.; NdIdjla hkq b;d fyd¢ka jHqy.; jQ mshjr ud,djlska iy mámdáj,ska (Procedural) iukaú; mßගKl l%uf,aLk NdId j¾hls' අල඾්යj කුමක්ද ආකාරහේ ලැඩවටශන් කරණයක් පටිපාට ගත කරණහේ දී භාවිත ලන අතර හකහවේ ද කෂ යුත්හත් යනආකාරහේ l%uf,aLkhg උපහදව් ඼බා දීම m%ldYk l%ufhaoS අනුගමනය හකහේ. my; oelafjkafka mámdá.; (Procedural) yd m%ldYk (Declarative) l%uf,aLk fhdod .ksñka >kl ;=kla Ndú; fldg ;ks >kldNhla ;ekSug úOdk ,nd oS we;s wdlrhhs' mßගKl NdId mßj¾;l uDÿldxග(Programing Language Translators) mßගKl NdIdjka uගිka ilia lrk ,o l%uf,aLhla (Computer Program) mßගKlhka uගිka l%shd lrùug kï th hdka;%sl NdIdjg mßj¾;kh l< hq;=fõ' ta i|yd mßගKl NdId mßj¾;l uDÿldxගNdú;d lrhs' mßගKl l%uf,aLkfha uq,a msgm;Source Programf,i;a hdka;%sl NdIdjg mßj¾;kh l< msgm; Object Program f,i;a y÷kajkq ,nhs' mßගKl NdId mßj¾;k uDÿldxග j¾ග 3 la we;'
  • 5. 5 Interpreter - ^w¾ථúkHdil& uQ,sl l%uf,aLkfha we;s fma<sfhka fma<sh hdka;%sl NdIdjg yerùu fï uගska isÿ flf¾' Compiler - ^iïmdol& uQ,sl l%uf,aLkfha we;s iïmQ¾K wka;¾ග;h tljr hdka;%sl NdIdjg yerùu fï uගska isÿ flf¾' Assembler - ^tl,ia&Assembly NdIdfjka ,shk ,o jev hdka;%sl NdIdjg yerùu fuhska isÿ flf¾' meial,a mß.Kl NdIdj • meial,a mß.Kl NdIdj 1970 oS ksl,ia j¾;a úiska y÷kajd fok ,oS • th procedural programming j¾.hg wh;a mß.Kl NdIdjls y÷kajk ^Identifiers) y÷kajkhla hkq úp,Hhla (Variable) ksh;hla (Constant) fyda l%uf,aLkhla (Program) ye¢kaùu i|yd fhdod .kakd kuls j,x.= y÷kajk Wod-  myname  My_name  My2name  myname2 o;a; m%rEm ^Data Types) úp,H (Variables) l%uf,aLh l%shd;aul jk úg y÷kajkh i|yd mjrk ,o w.hka fjkia jk y÷kajk" úp,Hhla f,i kï flf¾' Wod- var myname:string; ksh; (Const) l%uf,aLh l%shd;aul jk úg y÷kajkh i|yd mjrk ,o w.hka fjkia fkdjk y÷kajk" ksh; f,i kï flf¾' const pi:=22/7;
  • 6. 6 ldrl (Operators) ldrl fkdue;s j .Kkh lsÍu" ixikaokh lsÍu iy ;d¾lsl m%ldYk f.dv ke.Su l< fkdyels h' tneúka l%uf,aL ,sùug ldrl w;HjYH fõ' ldrl (Operators) j¾. lssysmhla ´kEu mß.Kl NdIdjl oelsh yel 1. wxl .Ks;uh ldrl 2. iei÷ï ldrl 3. ;d¾lsl ldrl If Ndú;h hï fldkafoaishla ;Dma; jk wjia:djl oS l%Shd;aul ùu i|yd If fhdod .kq ,efí' if fldkafoaish then ksjeros kï l%shd;aul jk j.ka;s fyda j.ka;sh If …then …else Ndú;h if fldkafoaish then ksjeros kï l%shd;aul jk j.ka;s fyda j.ka;sh else ksjeros fkdfõ kï l%shd;aul jk j.ka;s fyda j.ka;sh meial,a mß.Kl NdIdfjys Ndú; jk mqk¾lrK j¾. 3ls • FOR DO jHqyh • While DO jHqyh • Repeat Until jHqyh FOR DO jHqyh jdr .Kk ksYaÑ;j okakd wjia:d j,oS FOR DO jHqyh Ndú; l< yel Wod- For n:=1 to 10 do Write(n); while do jHqyh mqk¾lrKh wdrïNfha oS fldkafoaish mÍlaId lr n,d l%shd;aul ùu isÿfõ' fuys oS fldkafoaish i;H kï muKla mqk¾lrKh l%shd;aul fõ' Wod- n:=1; while n<=10 do Write(n); n:=n+1;
  • 7. 7 Repeat… Until jHqyh mqk¾lrKh wdrïNfha oS fldkafoaish mÍlaId lsÍu isÿjkafka ke;' fldkafoaish wi;Hkï muKla mqk¾lrKh werfò' n:=1; Repeat Write(n); n:=n+1 Until n>10 wrdj Ndú;h tlu o;a; m%rEmhg wh;a o;a; tlu kula fhdod .ksñka u;lfhys ;nd .ekSug wrdj Ndú; l< yel var num:array[0..4]of integer; 2-f;dr;=re moaO;s moaO;shla hkq hïlsis ksYaÑ; ld¾hhla $ wruqKla bgq lr ගekSu i|yd tu wruqKg$ld¾hhg w;HjYH jk ksYaÑ; l%shdj,ss isÿ lrk tlsfklg iïnkaO;djhka we;s úúO ix>Glhkafග් tl;=jls' moaO;sh Wm moaO;s moaO;s iSudj moaO;shl oelsh yels m%Odk ix>Gl wdodk ieliqu m%;sodk f;dr;=re moaO;s o;a; f;dr;=re njg mßj¾;kh lrk moaO;shla ñka woyia fõ' f;dr;=re moaO;s fldgia follg fnfoa' 1' yia;suh moaO;s 2' mßගKl u; mokï jQ moaO;s 10 32 num[0]
  • 8. 8 yia;suh moaO;s ish¨u ieliqï w;ska isÿ lrk moaO;s ñka woyia fõ' yia;suh moaO;shl we;s jdis wdrïNh i|yd jeh jk msßjeh wju ùu' iq¿ mßudK jHdmdr j,g jvd fyd|ska ගe<mSu' yia;suh moaO;shl wjdis ukaoගdó yd wld¾hCIu fõ' uyd mßudK jHdmdrhkag ගe<fmkafka ke;' mß.Kl u; mokï jQ f;dr;=re moaO;s oDVdx. uDÿldx. ld¾hh mámdá o;a; yd f;dr;=re iy tajd Ndú;d lrkakka yryd o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;a lsÍu fujeks moaO;shlska isÿ fõ' mß.Kl u; mokï jQ f;dr;=re moaO;shl jdis  ld¾hCIu;djh b;d by<h  o;a; ;ekam;a lsÍug jeä bvla wjYH fkdfõ'  fõ.j;ah  o;a; Wmia: msgm;a ;nd .; yels ksid o;a;j, wdrlaIdj ;yjqre fõ' mß.Kl u; mokï jQ mß.Kl u; mokï jQ f;dr;=re moaO;shl wjdis  wdrïNl msßjeh b;d by<h moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk pl%h f;dr;=re moaO;shla f.dvke.Sug fhdod .efkk mshjr moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk pl%h kï fõ' tys m%Odk mshjr yhls' 1. wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu 2. úi÷ï ie,iqï lsÍu' 3. úi÷u fla; lrKh 4. úi÷u mÍlaId lsÍu yd fodaI bj;a lsÍu 5. moaO;sh msysgqùu 6. moaO;sh kv;a;= lsÍu 1-wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu oekg mj;sk moaOlsfha mQ¾K úuid ne,Sula isÿ lrK w;r kj moaO;sfhka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wruqKq" m%;s,dN yd ld¾hlaIu;dj .ek f,aLkhla f.dvke.Su isÿfõ' moaO;s úYaf,aYl úiska mj;sk moaO;sh úia;rd;aul wOHhkhla isÿ lsÍu o fuu mshjf¾ oS isÿfõ' fuu mshjf¾ oS f;dr;=re /ia lr .ekSug Ndú; lrk l%ufõo lsysmhls Wod - 1. ksÍlaIKh 2. iïuqL idlÉPd 3. m%Yakdj,s 4. jd¾;d yd ,sms f.dKq ksÍlaIKh 5. uQ,do¾Y Ndú;h 2-úi÷ï ie,iqï lsÍu
  • 9. 9 ie,iqï ieliSu" wjYH uDÿldx. y÷kd .ekSu" uDÿldx. ks¾ñ;h y÷kd .ekSu fuys oS isÿfõ' w;=re uqyqK;a yd o;a; mdol ieliSu o isÿjkafka fuu mshjf¾ oSh' 3-úi÷ï fla;lrKh moaO;s ie,iqïlrKfha oS f;dard .;a ix>Gl WmmoaO;s wdosh mß.Kl NdIdjla u.ska ක්රuf,aLkh lsÍu fuu mshjf¾ oS isÿfõ' 4-úi÷ï mÍlaId lsÍu yd fodaI bj;a lsÍu moaO;sfhys mj;sk fla;k" ie,iqï fyda wjYH;d fodaY y÷kdf.k ksjeros lsÍu fuu mshjf¾ oS isÿfõ' úi÷ï mÍlaId lsÍfï l%u lsysmhla fõ' tall mÍlaIdj moaO;sfha tla tla tall fjk fjku f.k fodaI mÍlaIdj ñka woyiafõ' iuia: mÍlaIdj tall taldnoaO fldg mÍlaId lsÍu iuia: mÍlaIdj kïfõ' moaO;s mÍlaIdj iïmQ¾K moaO;shg wdodk ,nd foñka ksjeros m%;sodkh ,efíoehs mÍlaId lsÍu ñka woyiafõ' m%;s.%yK mÍlaIdj moaO;s mÍlaIdfjka wk;=rej isÿ flf¾' mßYS,lhka úiska isÿlrk w;r Tjqka wod, moaO;sh ms<s.ekSu fyda fkd.ekSu fï u; isÿfõ' 5-moaO;sh msysgqùu ilik ,o moaO;sh mß.Klh ;=< ia:dmkh lr jev lsÍu ñka woyia flf¾' mßYS,lhka mqyqKq lsÍug isÿjkafka fuu mshjf¾oSh' kj mß.Kl moaO;sh wdh;khlg y÷kajdoSfï oS l%shd;aul l< yels ක්රfu lsysmhls' 1- iDcq l%shd;aul lsÍu mj;sk moaO;sh bj;a fldg kj mß.Kl moaO;sh y÷kajd oSu' 2- iudka;r l%shd;aul lsÍu mj;sk moaO;sh yd kj moaO;sh hk folu ksYaÑ; ld,hla l%shd;aul lsÍu' 3- kshuq l%shd;aul lsÍu merKs moaO;sfha f;dard .;a fldgila kj moaO;shg fhduq fldg l%shd;aul lsÍu' 4- woshruh l%shd;aul lsÍu merKs moaO;sfha f;dard.;a fldgia mshjr jYfhka kj moaO;shg ia:dmkh lsÍu' tall mÍlaIdj iuia: mÍlaIdj moaO;s mÍlaIdj m%;s.%yK mÍlaIdj
  • 10. 10 6-moaO;s kv;a;= lsÍu ksjerosj moaO;sh mj;ajd f.k hdug wjYH hdj;ald,Sk lsÍï lrñka mj;ajd .ekSu ñka woyia fõ' moaO;s ixj¾Ok wdlD;s moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk pl%h ;=< oelsh yels wdlD;s .Kkdjls' bka lsysmhla my; oelafõ' 1. osh we,s wdlD;sh 2. mqk¾lrK jDoaê wdlD;sh 3. uQ,do¾Y wdlD;sh 4. i¾ms, wdlD;sh osh we,s wdlD;sh  m<uqj wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu isÿfõ  tla mshjrla weröug Bg m<uq mshjr wjika l< hq;=h  wjika m%;sM,h oel .ekSug moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk pl%fha wjika woshr olajd n,d isgh hq;=h  moaO;sh wid¾:l ùfï wjOdku by<h  fyd|ska wjYH;d y÷kd.;a moaO;s j,g .e,fma' mqk¾lrK jDoaê wdlD;sh  moaO;sh ixj¾Okh jk ;=re kej; kej; iliñka jeäoshqKq lsÍu fuys isÿfõ  moaO;sh wid¾:l ùfï wjOdku b;d wvqh 3- wka;¾cd,h yd úoHq;a ;emE,  f,dj mqrd cd, rdYshl tl;=jla wka;¾cd,h kïfõ'  wka;¾cd,fhys we;s f;dr;=re yqjudre lsÍug http (Hyper Text Transport Protocol) kï kshudj,sh Ndú; fõ' URL hkq l=ulao@ fjí wvú ;=< mj;sk úúO iïm;a wkkH;dj y÷kd .ekSug Ndú; lrk l%uh taldldr iïm;a ksYapdhlh kïfõ'^ URL- Uniform Resource Locator & wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu úi÷ï ie,iqï lsÍu úi÷ï l%shd;aul lsÍu úi÷ï mÍlaIdj yd ksjeros lsÍu moaO;sh mysgqùu moaO;sh kv;a;= lsÍu
  • 11. 11 http: // www.schoolnet.lk/sinhala/ itbooks.html IP ,smsk hkq fudkjdo@  wka;¾cd,fha we;s iEu mß.Klhlau fjka lr y÷kd .; yels wxlh IP ,smsk kïfõ'  0 isg 255 olajd jQ w.hka 4 la u.ska IPIV j¾.fha ,smsk ksrEmKh fõ' Wod- 10.202.3.1  fïjd ,nd fokafka wka;¾cd, fiajd iemhqïlre úisks' jiï kduh (Domain Name) www.google.com we;eï by, jiï kdu u.ska tu jiï ,smskh wh;a lafIa;%h y÷kd .; yel' Wod- .com jdkscuh fjí wvú .org ,dn fkd,nk wdh;k ixúOdk j,g wh;a fjí wvú we;eï by, jiï kdu u.ska tu jiï ,smskh wh;a jk rg y÷kd .; yel' Wod- .lk Y%S ,xldj .in bkaoshdj wka;¾cd,fhys fufyhqu isÿjk wdldrh 1. mßYS,lhd úiska fjí w;sßlaiqj yryd URL tl we;=`t lsÍu' Wod- www.facebook.com 2. fjí w;ßlaiqj URL tl DNS i¾jrhg fhduq lsÍu' 3. DNS i¾jrh URL tlg wod, IP ,smskh njg m;a lsÍu' Wod- www.facebook.com  192.162.10.2 4. IP ,smskh we;s fjí i¾jrhg wod, b,a,Su fhduq lsÍu' 5. fjí i¾jrh u.ska HTML o;a; kej; ,nd oSu' 6. fjí msgqj fjí w;sßlaiqj u.ska o¾Ykh lsÍu' nyq,j Ndú; jk kshudj,s lsysmhla HTTP -Hyper Text Transport Protocol-  HTTP f,aLk yqjudrej isÿlrhs' TCP/IP- Trasmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol-  IP ,smsk yqjudrej md,kh lrhs' FTP-File Transfer Protocol  f.dkq yqjudrej isÿ lsÍug Woõ fjhs' SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol kshudj,sh fiajdj jiï kduh iïm;a mj;sk ia:dkh iïm;a f.dKq by, jiï kduh
  • 12. 12  úoHq;a ;eme,a yqjudrej isÿ lsÍug Woõ fjhs' ICMP-Internet Control Message Protocol  fodaI we;s úg mKsjqv oelaùu yd mKsjqv md,kh' wka;¾cd,fhys Ndú; jk fiajdodhl mß.Kl lsysmhla my; oelafõ'  Web Server - fjí msgqj ;ekam;a lr we;s mrs.Klh" tys fiajd ,dNS mrs.Kl j,g fjí msgq ,nd foa  Mail Server - úoHq;a ;eme,a ;ekam;a lr ;nd .kS'  DNS Server - URL ,smsk IP ,smskh njg m;a lsÍu' wka;¾cd,fhys oelsh yels fiajd  WWW  úoHq;a ;emE,  f.dkq yqjudre kshudj,sh  ÿria: msúiqu  f.dkq fnod yeÍu  nyq udOH iemhqu  fijqï hka;% f,dal jHdma; cd,h (WWW) wka;¾cd,hg iïnkaO fiajdjls' wka;¾cd,hg iïnkaOj we;s úoHq;a f,aLk rdYshl tl;=jls' Y%Su;a áï n¾kaia ,S uy;d úiska fuh ks¾udKh lrk ,oS' fjí w;sßlaiq lsysmhla  Google crome  Mozilla Firefox  Internet Explorer  Microsoft Edge  Safari  Opera FTP hkq fudkjdo@ úYd, m%udKfha f.dkq fiajdodhl mß.Kl fj; heùug fhdod .efkk kshudj,shls ÿria: msúiqu wka;¾cd,fha we;s mß.Kl ÿria:j isg md,kh yd yeisrùug Ndú; jk ;dlaIKhls' f.dkq fnodyeÍu fiajdodhl mß.Klhl we;s iïm;a fiajd,dNS mß.Kl w;f¾ yjqf,a Ndú; lsÍu f.dkq fnod yeÍu kïfõ' nyqudOH iemhqu nyqudOH f;dr;=re^ mdG" Y%jH" oDYH & wka;¾cd,h fhdod f.k mß.Kl w;r f;dr;=re yqjudre lsÍu ñka woyiafõ' fijqï hka;% wka;¾cd,fha we;s f;dr;=re myiqfjka uQ,mo fhdoñka fidhd .ekSug Woõ jk uDÿldx. ñka woyiafõ' www.google.com www.yahoo.com www.bing.com www.msn.com ikaksfúokh i|yd wka;¾cd,h Ndú; jk wdldrh úoHq;a ;emE, maheshkodit@outlook.com mßYS,l kduh jiï kduh
  • 13. 13 E-mail j,oS yuqjk m%Odk fldgia To - ,smsh ,nkakdf.a E-mail ,smskh ,súh hq;= ia:dkh tlu ,smsh lsysmfofkකුg hjhs kï fldud ( Commas (,) ) fyda ;s;a fldud (Semicolon (;) ) fhdod ,smskhka we;=<;a l< yel' CC (Carbon Copy) f,i y÷kajhs' fuys E-mail ,smskh we;=<;a l< úg tysysñlreg ,smsfha msgm;la ,efí' wfkla ,sms ,nk ish¨fokdg ,smsfha msgm;a ,efnkafka ldgoehs y÷kd .; yel' BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) f,i y÷kajhs' fuh "Cc" wdldrhu jk w;rfjkilg we;af;a wfkකු;a ,sms ,nkakkag BCC j, ,smskhka i|yka jQ wh ljqrekaoehs oek.; fkdyels ùuhs' Subject ,smsh කුula ms<sn|joehs bÕshla oSug fuh fhdod .kS' Attacment E-mail ,smsh iu. hjk Bg iïnkaO fkdjQ file tlla f,i fuhye|skaúh yelsh' ,nkakdg th újD; lsÍug ;u mß.Klfha ;ekam;a lsÍug (Save) yd fjkia lsÍug (Edit) jeks File iu. lrk ls%hdjka l< yel' fï iu. Word Excel, Database, Sound, Image jeks කුvd *hs,a Atachment f,i ye|skaúhyelsh' kuq;a ,sms ,nkakdg tajd újD; lsÍug wod< uDÿldx.h ;sìh hq;=h' Reply ,smsh tjkq ,enQ mqoa.,hdg ms<s;=re heùug Reply Button tl Click l<yel' túg "To" ys ,smsh tjQ mqoa.,hdf.a ,smskh we;=<;a jk ksid ,smsh hjkakdg th myiqjls' Forward ,enQ ,smsh fjk;a flfkකුg heúu i|yd Forward Button Ndú;d l<yel' Drafts heùug ilia lrk ,o kuq;a iïmQ¾K fkdl< ,sms Spam/Junk whdús; ,sms ùäfhda iïuka;%K ÿria: ia:dk j, isák mqoa.,hka wka;¾cd,h yryd Y%jH oDYH l%uhg ixjdo j, fhoSu ñka woyia fõ' ta i|yd my; foa wjYH fõ' mß.Kl" fjí leurd " wka;¾cd, myiqlï" ikaksfõok uDÿldx. iudc cd, wka;¾cd,h Ndú; lrñka iudc iïnkaOd f.dv ke`.Su yd mj;ajd f.k hdu iudc cd, u.ska isÿfõ' www.facebook.com www.twitter.com www.youtube.com
  • 14. 14 j,dl=`t mß.Kl ixl,amh cx.u Wmdx. /yeka rys; udOH Tiafia iïnkaO ù ;ukag wjYH fiajd ,nd .ekSu yd f;dr;=re ke;am;a lsÍfï fjí mdol fiajdj j,dl=`t mß.Kl ixl,amh kïfõ' j,dl=`t mß.Kl u.ska my; fiajd bgq lrkq ,efí  há;, myiqlï fuj,ula f,i ^ IaaS & mß.Kl j,g w;;H mßirhla ;kd oS fiajd odhl mß.Kl j, iyfhka o;a; .nvd lsÍu yd tajd Ndú; lsÍfï myiqlu ,nd oSu  ixj¾Ok mßir fiajdjla f,i^ PaaS & uDÿldx. ixj¾Okh yd uDÿldx. Odjkh i|yd mßirhla ;kd oSu'  uDÿldx. fiajdjla f,i^ SaaS & uDÿldx. ;u mß.Kl j, ia:dmkh fkdlr wka;¾cd,h ;=< ia:dmkh lr we;s uDÿldx. Ndú; lsÍfï myiqlu ,nd oSu
  • 15. 15