Introduction & Wireless Transmission

Simplified Reference Model Application Transport Network Data Link Physical Medium Data Link Physical Application Transport Network Data Link Physical Data Link Physical Radio Network Network

Reference Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reference Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reference Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Overlay Networks - the global goal regional metropolitan area campus-based in-house vertical handover horizontal handover integration of heterogeneous fixed and mobile networks with varying transmission characteristics

[object Object],WIRELESS TRANSMISSION 1 Mm 300 Hz 10 km 30 kHz 100 m 3 MHz 1 m 300 MHz 10 mm 30 GHz 100  m 3 THz 1  m 300 THz visible light VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF infrared UV optical transmission coax cable twisted pair ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Frequencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Frequencies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

REGULATIONS ,[object Object],[object Object]

REGULATIONS ITU-R Region-1 Europe, Middle East, Former Russia, Africa Region-2 Greenland, N & S America Region-3 Australia, New Zealand

REGULATIONS PDC : Personal Digital Cellular NMT : Nordic Mobile Telephone DECT : Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone PACS : Personal Access Communications System

SIGNALS A sine wave is represented as g(t) = A t sin ( ω .t + ø) Here, A t : Maximum amplitude w : angular frequency = 2 π f ø : Phase Displacement

SIGNALS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A [V]  I= M cos  Q = M sin   A [V] t[s]

Signals ,[object Object],[object Object],In the above eqn, C represents the DC component.

Signals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Antenas ,[object Object],[object Object]

ISOTROPIC RADIATOR ANTENNA ,[object Object],[object Object],z y x z y x

Antennas ,[object Object],[object Object],λ /2 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Dipole Antenna ,[object Object],[object Object]

Directional Antenna ,[object Object]

Signal Propagation Range distance sender transmission detection interference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Path Loss during Transmission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Path Loss Effects reflection scattering diffraction shadowing refraction

Signal Propagation effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Propagation behavior of waves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multipath Propagation ,[object Object],[object Object]

Effects of delay spread ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Effects-2 of delay spread ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

One possible solution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Effects of mobility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],short term fading long term fading t power

Solution for Long Term Fading ,[object Object]

Long Term Fading ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introduction & Wireless Transmission

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Introduction & Wireless Transmission