RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT WHAT ARE RESOURCES? CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES Types Of resources? Boitic And Aboitic Renewable and Non REnewable REsources Renewable resources are ones that can be replenished naturally. Some of these resources, like sunlight, air, wind, etc., are continuously available and their quantity is not noticeably affected by human consumption. Resources from a human use perspective are classified as renewable only so long as the rate of replenishment/recovery exceeds that of the rate of consumption.

1. MADE BY –MAHIPSINGH
cLASS– 10 , B

3. •A resourceis a source orsupply from which benefit is produced. Typically resources are
materials, money, services, staff, orotherassets that produce benefit.
•Froma human perspective a natural resource is anything obtained from the environment to
satisfy human needs and wants.
•Froma broader biological orecological perspective a resource satisfies the needsof a living
organism.
•Resources have three main characteristics: utility, limit, availability, and potential
for depletion orconsumption.

5. Resource
s
Natural
Renewabl
e
Continuo
us or flow
e.g.
wind,wate
r
Biological
Natural
vegetatio
n
Wildlife
Non-
Renewabl
e
Recyclabl
e
eg.metals
Non
recyclables
e.g.. Fossil
fuels
Human
Structure
s and
Institution
Quantity
& Quality

7. On the basis of
origin
Biotic
Abiotic

8. •Biotic – Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere
(living and organic material), such as forests and animals,
and the materials that can be obtained from them. Fossil fuels
such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category
because they are formed from decayed organic matter.
•Abiotic – Abiotic resources are those that come from non-
living, non-organic material. Examples of abiotic resources
include land, fresh water, air and heavy metals including ores
such as gold, iron, copper, silver, etc.

9. On the basis of
exhaustibility
Renewable
resources
Non-renewable
resources

10. •Renewable resources are ones that can
be replenished naturally.
•Some of these resources, like sunlight,
air, wind, etc., are continuously available
and their quantity is not noticeably
affected by human consumption.
•Resources from a human use perspective
are classified as renewable only so long as
the rate of replenishment/recovery
exceeds that of the rate of consumption.

11. •A naturalresourcesuchascoal, gas,or oil
that,once consumed, cannotbe replaced.
•Most energy resources currently in use are
non-renewable.
•A non-renewableresourceismade upof
mostlydead animalskin.The skinthen turns
into aresource suchas oil.
•Also considered non-renewableare
resources thatare consumedmuchfaster
thannaturecan create them.

12. On the basis of
ownership
Individual
resources
Community
owned resources
National
resources
International
resources

13. INDIVIDUAL RESOURCES-Individual resources are
those resources which are owned by an individual
and can 't be accessed by someone else. These
are also referred as private resource. These are
indicators of a capitalist country and its influence.
E.g.. Land , property, houses, cars etc.
COMMUNITY OWNED RESOURCES-Community
resources are a group of assistance programs that
are provided to the members of a community for
free. Each resource is made available to
community members to help them become self-
reliant and maintain their human rights and well
being. E.g.. Public parks, village commons etc.

14. -All the resources belong
to the nation. The country has legal powers to acquire even
private property for public good. Urban Development
Authorities get empowered by the government to acquire land.
E.g. All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land
within the political boundaries are resources which belong to
the nation.
-All the resources
lying beyond 200 kms of Exclusive Economic Zone in the
oceans are called International Resources. No individual
country can use it without the permission of International
agencies.

16. On the basis of the
status of the
development
Potential
resource
Developed
resource
Stock
Reserves

17. Potential Resources- These are known to exist
and may be used in the future. For example, petroleum
may exist in many parts of India and Kuwait that have
sedimentary rocks, but until the time it is actually drilled
out and put into use, it remains a potential resource.
Developed Resources-Developed resources are
those that have been surveyed, their quantity and quality
determined and are being used in present times. The
development of an actual resource, such as wood
processing depends upon the technology available and the
cost involved

18. Stock Resources – Stock resources are those that have
been surveyed but cannot be used by organisms due to lack of
technology. For example: water is a compound of 2 inflammable
gases: hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich source
of energy. But we do not have the required technical know-how
to use them for this purpose. Hence it can be considered as
stock.
Reserve Resources – The part of an actual resource
which can be developed profitably in the future is called a
reserve resource. The water in dams, forests etc. is a reserve
which can be used in future.

20. •With increasing population, the demand for
resources is increasing.
•There are marked differences in resource
distribution and associated economic inequality
between regions or countries, with developed
countries using more natural resources than
developing countries.
•Typically resources cannot be consumed in their
original form, but rather through resource
development they must be processed into more
usable commodities.

21. •SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT is
development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
•Sustainable development constantly seeks to
achieve social and economic progress in ways that
will not exhaust the earth’s finite natural resources.
•The needs of the world today are real and
immediate, yet it’s necessary to develop ways to
meet these needs that do not disregard the future,
sustainable development practices can help us do
this, and through education and building
awareness, preserving the future is within
everyone’s reach.

22. PROBLEMS CREATED BY INDISCRIMINATE USE OF
RESOURCE BY MAN
a. Many resources got depleted. Ex: Forest
b. Resources got accumulated in the hands of few people. The society is divided into rich
and poor.
c. Global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental degradation are other
problems.

23. SOIL

24. SOIL
 The upper most layer of the earth’s crust which is loose , broken and useful for plants
is called soil.
 Soil consists of mineral matter such as sand and clay and Organic matter such as
humus, bacteria and earth worms.
 Soil is formed mainly due to the process of weathering. As a result of weathering a
layer of loose rock materials is formed on the land surface. If this layer remains
undisturbed for a long period of time, chemical, physical and organic changes take
place in it. These changes lead to the formation of soil.

25. FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE (OR) GOVERN THE
SOIL FORMATION PROCESS
1) Climate:
Climate decides the rate of weathering and the type of vegetation.
2) Topography:
Topography of the land decides the accumulation of soil.
3) Nature of parent rock:
It decides compositions and texture of the soil.
4)Vegetation:
Vegetation decides the amount of humus available in the soil.

26. SOILS ARE OUR PRIME
RESOURCESi). Man depends on the soil directly or
indirectly for his food.
ii). Agriculture can be practiced only if
soils are available.
iii). Man gets the materials needed for
shelter and clothing directly (or) indirectly
from the soil.
iv). Soils are essential for the growth of
forests.

27. ALLUVIAL SOILS

28. ALLUVIAL SOILS
i). Alluvial soil is the most fertile and wide spread soil found in India.
ii). It is formed due to the deposition of fine silt called alluvium by the rivers.
iii). It is found in the northern plains, Gujarat plains and the coastal plains.
iv). It consists of sand, silt and clay.
v). It is divided into khadar and Bangar [new alluvium and old alluvium] It contains soil
nutrients such as potash, phosphoric acid and lime. So, it is fertile and good for the
growth of sugarcane, rice, wheat and pulses.

29. BLACK SOILS

30. RED SOILS

31. RES SOILS
 Red soils are formed due to the weathering of crystalline igneous rocks under low
rainfall conditions.
 It is red in colour because of the presence of iron in it.
 It is found in Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Chattisgarh and
Jharkhand.

32. LATERITE SOILS

33. LATERITE SOIL
 The word laterite originated from the Latin word later which means brick.
 Laterite soil is formed due to intense leaching caused by tropical rainfall.
 Humus content is less because the micro-organisms get destroyed due to high
temperature.
 This soil can be cultivated by using manure and fertilizers. It is good for the
cultivation of tea, coffee and cashew nut. It is found in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu,
Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Assam.


34. ARID (DESERT) SOILS

35. ARID SOILS
 Arid soils are red or brown in colour. They are sandy and saline.
 Humus and moisture contents are very less. They can be cultivated after irrigation.
 Kankar layer in the soil prevent the water from seeping under ground.

36. FOREST SOILS

37. FOREST SOILS
 Forest soils are found in hilly and mountainous regions.
 They are loamy and silty in valleys and coarse in the upper slopes.
 In Himalayas they suffer denudation and are acidic with low humus content.
 The soils found in the lower slopes of the valley are fertile.

38. SOIL EROSION
 Removal of top soil from one place to another by natural
agencies is called soil erosion.
 It is caused by running water and wind.
 Deforestation, over grazing and unscientific agricultural
practices are responsible for large scale soil erosion.

39. GULLY EROSION
 The rain water when moves down on an uneven land scoops away the soil and form
deep channels called gullies. This type of erosion is called gully erosion.
 A land which is broken into many small parts by the gullies is called bad land. A bad
land is unfit for cultivation and for other economic activities.

40. GULLY EROSION

41. SHEET EROSION
 Some times water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. The water takes
away the top soil. This type of erosion is called sheet erosion.

42. SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES
i). Contour ploughing reduces the flow of water and prevent soil erosion.
ii). In hilly areas terraced farming should be followed.
iii). Strip farming helps to reduces the force of winds.
iv). Shelter belts of plants around the fields reduce soil erosion.
v). Afforestation should be practiced on a large scale and deforestation should be
stopped.
vi).Over grazing by animals should be avoided.