Anesthesia Vaporizors In Brief.pptx

Anesthesia Vaporizers
In Brief
Mahmood Hasan Taha
HD/ Anesthesia
Zakho General H.
Sept/ 2022

Highlights
Anesthesia vaporizers used to deliver
volatile anesthetics , have evolved from the
simple mask used for Ether anesthesia
(Etherizer), to the present day modern and
electronically controlled vaporizers designed to
deliver:
Safe and reliable concentrations of volatile
agent to the patient.

This encouraged big companies and
industries, in U.K, Germany and U.S.A, to
work for decades; to solve the problems
with old vaporizers and introduce a new,
modern and advanced vaporizers to
deliver safe and accurate volatile
anesthesia to the patient via well
designed, convenience, maintenance free
and affordable vaporizers.

Old design:
Goldman Vaporizers.
Designed by an English physician Dr. Victor
Goldman (1903b. – 1994d.) tow models: 1956 -
1962.
It is neither temperature compensated nor
accurately calibrated.
Halothane concentration is usually low and its
output is mainly influenced by flow rate.

Goldman Halothane Vaporizer (made in England)

Advantages:
• Small and cheap.
• Simple to use and service.
• Lightweight and portable.
• Restricted output prevents Halothane
overdosing.

Disadvantages:
• Variable output that is difficult to measure.
• No temperature compensation.
• There is risk of agent spilling into the
breathing system.

TEC 2
Problems with the original “Fluotec” were
discovered soon after its release around 1957;
“Cyprane” quickly recalled the Fluotec and began
advertising the Fluotec Mark ll (Tec 2) , 1958.
In Tec2 vaporizer, The Thymol preservative causes
the strip to stick; result in a poor concentration
calibration, especially at low flow ,less than 4L/min,
and low dial setting.

Figure1: TEC 2 diagram
Bimetallic strip decreases flow through the vaporizing
chamber when temperature increases.

TEC 2 Cyprane Fluotec Vaporizer

Modern and New designs:
Specifically calibrated plenum vaporizers
e.g.(TEC 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7, Dräger Vapor (19.1,
2000, 3000), Blease Datum, Penlon (Delta
Sigma, Alpha Sigma), Ohio.
The term plenum is used to describe a
pressurized chamber in which the internal
resistance is high requiring FGF above
atmospheric pressure.

Characterized by:
• Variable bypass:
(Fresh gas splits into bypass gas and
carrier gas).
• Temperature compensated:
(Equipped with automatic devices that ensure
steady vaporizer output over a wide range of
ambient temperature).
• Concentration calibrated.
• Agent specific - Color coded.

Effect of flow rate:
The output of all current variable bypass
vaporizers is relatively constant over the range
of FGF from approximately 250 mL to at least
10 L /min.
All the Sevoflurane vaporizers are less
accurate due to the low vapor pressure of
Sevoflurane , at higher FGF >10L/min. and high
concentration dial , typical after induction ,
then they deliver less than setting and more
accentuated if the vaporizer is nearly empty.

Effect of ambient temperature:
The output of modern vaporizers is linear
from 20-35°C ± 5, due to:
• Automatic temperature compensation strip.
• Wicks in direct contact with vaporizer
chamber wall.
• Constructed of metals with high specific heat
and thermal conductivity.

Effect of intermittent back pressure:
Back pressure transmitted from breathing
circuit to the vaporizer due to:
• Intermitted positive pressure ventilation.
• Oxygen flush.
It can increase the output .
Modern vaporizers are relatively immune.

Effect of altitude:
The effect of altitude on vaporizers
performance is controversial , one should
consult the operator’s manual.
• The user manual of some variable bypass
vaporizers limit the use of Halothane and
Isoflurane to altitude of more than 1450 to
3000 m above sea level.
• Tec6 vaporizer affected by high altitude due
to the low boiling point of Desflurane.
• N2O is non useful in high altitude due to
Hypoxia

Figure2: Schematic showing Modern vaporizers
mechanism

TEC 3
• Introduced in the late 1960s, it replaced the Tec2 to
improve output accuracy especially at low dial
setting.
• Long carrier gas channel reduce the issues
associated with back pressure.
• Was the most popular vaporizer through the
1990s.
• Both types: out of circuit and within the circuit.

Figure3: TEC 3 diagram
Bimetallic strip increases flow through the
bypass chamber when temperature increases

TEC 3 Cyprane Fluotec Vaporizer (out of circuit)

Datex - Ohmeda TEC 3
(within the circuit) Halothane Vaporizer

TEC 3 Isoflurane Vaporizer (out of circuit)

Accoma Halothane Vaporizer
(within the circuit)
made in Japan 1980s

TEC 4
• Designed for ‘out-of-circuit’ use in 1983.
• Temperature compensated and pressure
compensated.
• Low flow suitability is not very good.
• It was a re-modeled Tec3. To overcome the
problems of Tec3, it incorporated internal baffle
system to reduce the danger of liquid agent
entering the bypass chamber on tilting or
inverting.

• Safety interlock system is added.
• Liquid capacity: 135mL when dry, 100mL
when wick is wet.
• Service is annual.

Ohmeda Fluotec 4 Halothane Vaporizer

Ohmeda Fluotec 4 Sevoflurane Vaporizer

Ohmeda Fluotec 4 Isoflurane Vaporizer

TEC 5
• Internal baffle system.
• Accurate at FGF 5L/min & dial settings < 3%.
• Greatest accuracy is at gas flow of 5L/min,
15C° to 35C°and dial less than 3%.
<15C° output will be less.
>35C° output will be high.
• At higher flow rates and at higher dial setting
there is a decrease in output.
• Low flow suitability is good.

• Improved key filler.
• One handed dial and more obvious off
position.
• Liquid capacity increased from 135ml to
300ml (dry wick)., from 100 to 225mL (wet
wick).
• Service is triannual.

Datex Ohmeda Fluotec 5 Halothane Vaporizer

Datex Ohmeda Fluotec 5 Isoflurane Vaporizer

TEC7 (Datex Ohmeda) GE Healthcare
• Released in June 2007
• Concentration calibrated.
• Accommodates 300 mL dry, 225 mL wet.
• Operating temperature range from 18 to
35C°.
• Non-spill system.
• Provides consistent agent output from
200 mL/min to 15 L/min.

• Filling options:
Easy fil®: multi agent.
Quik fil®: Sevoflurane specific.
• URGENT MEDICAL DEVICE CORRECTION
letter sent from GE healthcare dated
October 4th, 2017 to all the customers.
• Three year warranty.

Datex – Ohmeda Tec7/ Halothane Vaporizer

Easy fil®: multi agent. Quik fil®: Sevoflurane

Dräger Vapor 19.1®
• Key fill or funnel fill.
• There is no outlet check valve, the tortuous
inlet arrangement protect from the pumping
effect.
• No anti- spill mechanism.
• Should not be tipped or tilted more than 45°.
• Low flow suitability: is not very good.

• Liquid capacity:
about: 200mL with dry wick.
140mL with damp or moist wick.
135mL between min. and max. mark.
• Loss of anesthetic agent when switched off:
<0.25mL/24hrs.
• Temperature range 15 to 35 °C.

Dräger Vapor 19.1® Halothane Vaporizer

Figure 4: Mechanism of Dräger 19.1® Vaporizer

Figure 5: Dräger 19.1® scheme
An annular valve controlling the flow through the bypass

Dräger Vapor 19.3®
Same features and specifications of 19.1
vapor , the only difference is in the way of
mounting to the anesthesia machine.

Dräger Vapor 19.3® Halothane Vaporizer

Dräger Vapor 2000®
• Filling volume: 360 mL with dry wick.
260 mL with damp wick.
• Permitted tilt free in Transport or: Tip, Tilt “T”
setting, and up to 30° in operation.
• Temperature range: 10 to 40°C.
• Flow control dial:
0.2 to 6% for both Halothane and Isoflurane.
0.2 to 8% for Enflurane and Sevoflurane.
. Very good low flow suitability, 0.15 to 15 L/ min.
• Colored control dial cap.

• Does not require recalibration at any time
during period of use.
• Dräger vaporizers (not D-vapor) are calibrated
using air as the carrier gas.
100% O2 as FGF result in 5-10% higher than setting.
• MRI compatible.
• Not possible to switch the vaporizer on
without locking plug-in system.
• Warranty: 1 year.

Dräger Vapor 2000® – Halothane Vaporizer

Dräger Vapor 2000® / Sevoflurane Vaporizer

Dräger Vapor 2000® / Isoflurane Vaporizer

Differences between Vapor 19.n and Vapor 2000®
Vapor 19.n Vapor 2000®
Filling volume 140 mL with damp wick 260 mL with damp wick
Permitted tilt Up to 45° Free in ”T” position
Up to 30° in operation
Temperature range 15 to 35°C 10 to 40°C
Flow control range
0.2 to 5 vol.% H&I
0.2 to 7 vol.% E
0.2 to 8 vol.% S
0.2 to 6 vol.% H & I
0.2 to 8 vol.% E & S
Draining of anesthetic
prior to transportation
Yes No
Low flow suitability Good Very good
Vaporizer can be
switched on without
locking plug-in system
Possible Not possible
Control dial cap Neutral Colored
Stability 3-leg Flat ( more stable)
Vaporizer removable
when switched on
Yes No

Dräger Vapor 19.3® Isoflurane and Vapor ??

Dragär Vapor 3000®
In addition to the incorporated features from
previous models, It carries some smart
functions:
• Acoustic filling level alarms.
• Setting and filling-level illumination.

• The Vapor 3000 series can provide
information to the Perseus A500 anesthesia
workstation, which can be used to predict
volatile-agent concentration over a period
of up to 20 minutes.
• Reminder to refill the vaporizer.
• Warranty: 1 year.

Dräger Vapor 3000 mounted to the Dräger Perseus A500
anesthesia workstation.

Dräger Vapor 3000®/ Sevoflurane Vaporizer

Dräger Vapor 3000®/ Isoflurane Vaporizer

Penlon-Sigma Delta® Vaporizer
• Launched in 2001
• Award winning design.
• Low body weight.
• Liquid capacity : at max mark 250mL.
• Operating flow range 0.2 to 15L/min.
• Operating temperature range 15°C to 35°C.
• Maintenance at ten years , 5 years for
Halothane.
• Both key fill and pour fill models available.

Penlon - Sigma Delta / Halothane Vaporizer

Penlon - Sigma Delta / Sevoflurane Vaporizer

Blease Datum® Vaporizer
• First release to the public in December
1999.
• Proven output stability over wide range of
conditions.
• No need for maintenance.
• 10-year warranty.
• Funnel fill, keyed filler, sevoflurane can
have quick-fil®.

• More surface area for vaporization.
• Unique ventilation compensation
system.
• Accurate in low flow anesthesia.
• Altitude: up to 2440m a.s.l

• Calibrated using air.
O2 FGF will increase the output slightly.
• Agent capacity 250mL.
• Should be drained prior to transport.
• MRI compatible up to 1000 gauss line.

Blease Datum® Vaporize
Halothane Isoflurane

TEC850 (Datex Ohmeda) GE Healthcare
• Agent specific for Isoflurane and
Sevoflurane.
• Release at 2017
• A non-spill system.
• Temperature: 15°C to 35°C.
• No planned factory service needed.
• Five-year warranty period.
• An ergonomic dial release allows either left-
or right-hand operation.

• Total capacity: 300 mL dry, 225mLwet.
• Provides consistent agent output from
200 mL/min to 15 L/min.
• MR Conditional.
• Wide, centered liquid level indicator
provides a clear indication of the fill
level of the vaporizer

Tec850 GE
Isoflurane Sevoflurane

Desflurane Vaporizer
The physical properties of Desflurane:
• High vapor pressure (at 20 ℃ = 681 mmHg
at sea level (760mmHg)).
• Low boiling temperature (22 to 23°C).
Necessitate using especial vaporizer.

TEC6 (D-Vaporizer):
Introduced by Ohmeda around 1993
Tec6 plus® by Datex- Ohmeda 1998
Electronic vaporizer, with:
• Gas-vapor blender. (NOT A VARIABLE BYPASS
VAPORIZER).
• Electrical supply: either 100 to 120V
50/60Hz or 220 to 240V 50/60Hz, Converted
to 12V DC and 5V DC for the internal
electrical system.
• Warm up time: up to 10minute.

• Heating Element: two 100W heater
elements located in the base of the sump,
also two 100W heater elements located in
the upper part; heats Desflurane to
maintain constant temperature (39°C) and
vapour pressure (≈ 1300mmHg).
• A pressure reducing valve with an
electronic transducers ↓ the vapour
pressure of both FGF and the Desflurane
vapour to be the same.

• Single handed dial scale, 1% from 1 to 10% ,
2% from 10 to 18%.
• Liquid capacity 390mL. (425mL plus®) type.
• Non–spill system.
• On-board LED display indicates vaporizer
status: no out put, low agent, warm-up,
operational and battery low.

• Self test each time the vaporizer is turned
on.
• In the base of the vaporizer :
 Drain plug ’must only be removed at a
Datex Ohmeda authorized service center.
 Battery provides power to the auditory
and visual alarms only, in case of the AC
power fails.(must be replaced annually).
• MRI not compatible.

Figure 6: Tec6 Vaporizer illustration

Figure 7: Tec6 Vaporizer in case of warming - up

Figure 8: Tec6 Vaporizer ready

Figure 9: Tec6 Vaporizer in case of no output
like: AC fail or tilting

TEC6 plus® Datex Ohmeda
D-Vaporizer

Figure 10: Tec 6 plus® GE Vaporizer Schematic

Figure 11: Schematic for modern variable bypass Vaporizer

Filling systems:
• Funnel fill system (Pour fill). Not specific, leak.
• Keyed fill filling system. Complicated, delayed
and leak.
• Easy fil® filling system. (2 ridges).
• Quik fil® filling system. (3 ridges) used for
Sevoflurane.
• D-filling system:
Rotating filler and Fixed filler (sterile).

Multiple agent key-fill system

Easy-fil® Isoflurane Bottle Adapter

Quik-fil® Sevoflurane Bottle Adaptor

Penlon - Sigma EVA Vaporizer
Piramal- Rotating Filler
O - Ring

Vaporizer Kg Vaporizer Kg
Ohmeda Tec4 7.6 Penlon - Sigma Delta 5
Datex - Ohmeda Tec 5 7 Datex - OhmedaTec6 , Tec6 plus® 9.5
Dräger Vapor 19.n 6.5 Datex – Ohmeda Tec7 GE 7
Dräger Vapor® 2000 8 Dräger D-Vapor ® < 7
Dräger Vapor® 3000 8 Penlon D -Vapor® Light
body
weight
Blease Datum 7.5 Datex – Ohmeda Tec850 7
Vaporizer weight

Features and Specifications of your favorite
vaporizer ?
 Design and System ? Ergonomic, Computed.
 Weight and Materials ? Light enough without
affecting the accuracy.
 Agent Specific.
 No maintenance needed.
 No recalibration.
 Tilting free.
 Filling System ? Sterile.
 Mount System ? Standard.
 Alarm at full and at near empty.
 Lighted at dark.
 Low Price as possible.

Anesthesia Vaporizors In Brief.pptx

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Anesthesia Vaporizors In Brief.pptx