Foundations of Developmental Psychology
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The document provides an overview of developmental psychology and the genetic and environmental influences on human development from conception through adulthood. It discusses genetic foundations including DNA, genes, alleles, and patterns of inheritance. It also examines environmental contexts such as family, socioeconomic status, and prenatal influences including teratogens. Key stages of prenatal development and characteristics of newborns are outlined.
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Foundations of Developmental Psychology
- 1. DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Week 2: Foundations of Development DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
- 19. Prenatal Diagnostic Methods Method Description Timing Amniocentesis Obtaining sample of uterine fluid by drawing fluid with syringe through abdominal wall 11-15weeks Chronic Villus sampling Removal of plug of tissue for analysis, entry via vagina 6-8weeks Fetoscopy Visual analysis of the fetus, possible to obtain blood sample 5-18weeks Ultrasound Beaming of high frequency sound waves at uterus Caution <5x Maternal blood analysis Testing for elevated level of alpha-fetoprotein By 2 nd month Preimplantation genetic diagnosis Associated with in vitro fertilisation and duplication of zygote
- 29. Conception / Germinal stage Conception occurs when a sperm joins with an egg When fertilisation has occurred, the newly formed zygote will make its way down to the womb By the end of a week, the blastocyst will implant in the uterine lining
- 42. New-born states: Arousal Infant States of Arousal Regular sleep Irregular sleep Quiet alertness Drowsiness Waking actively and crying
Notes de l'éditeur
- Structure first described by Watson and Crick in 1953 The structure of DNA is illustrated by a right handed double helix, with about 10 nucleotide pairs per helical turn. Each spiral strand, composed of a sugar phosphate backbone and attached bases, is connected to a complementary strand by hydrogen bonding (non- covalent) between paired bases, adenine (A) with thymine (T) and guanine (G) with cytosine (C). Adenine and thymine are connected by two hydrogen bonds (non-covalent) while guanine and cytosine are connected by three.
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1_-mQS_FZ0
- Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) falls into a group of disorders known as leukodystrophies . This disease is diagnosed with a plasma test to determine the level of very long chain fatty acids, regardless of symptomatology. It is a very specialized test, so it is only performed in a few laboratories worldwide. These very long chain fatty acids accumulate, due to absence of peroxisomes in the liver, and damage the ability of the adrenal gland to convert cholesterol to steroid hormones. The characteristic of the disease is progressive cognitive and behavioral impairment. This impairment is due to the myelin degeneration that occurs within these patients' central nervous system. Without the myelin sheath, nerve fibers are damaged and cease to function properly.
- XYY syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects males. It is caused by the presence of an extra Y chromosome. Males normally have one X and one Y chromosome. However, individuals with this syndrome have one X and two Y chromosome. Affected individuals are usually very tall and thin. Many experience severe acne during adolescence. Additional symptoms may include antisocial or behavioral problems and learning disabilities. Intelligence is usually normal, although IQ, on average, is 10 to 15 points lower than siblings. Klinefelter syndrome, also known as the XXY condition, is a term used to describe males who have an extra X chromosome in most of their cells. Instead of having the usual XY chromosome pattern that most males have, these men have an XXY pattern.
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vP3Ag95bzm8&feature=related
- Prescriptive and OTC Drugs: molecules small enough to enter the embryonic/fetal bloodstream e.g. asprin, anti-depressants, caffeine Illegal drugs: often consumed as a way of escaping reality Tobacco: first, second and even third hand, has effect on birth weight FAS, FAE =low birthweight, heart defects, mild cognitive impairments
- Another name for palmer grasping reflex is darwinian