Manmohan Joshi presented on quality education. He defined it as education that supports individual learning needs, is locally relevant, and prepares students for the future. It involves teaching methods like interactive lectures, group projects, and role-playing to develop skills like critical thinking. Quality education also emphasizes reflective teaching where teachers evaluate their own practices to continuously improve.

1. 02/18/15
QUALITY EDUCATIONQUALITY EDUCATION
Presented by:
Manmohan Joshi

2. 02/18/15
Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Education:Education:
A process of effecting desirable
changes in students’ behaviour
Direction of these changes
determined by objectives of
teaching

3. 02/18/15
Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Quality Education:Quality Education:
Supports a rights based approach to all
educational endeavours
Based on the four pillars of education and
provides skills for:
 Learning to know
 Learning to live together
 Learning to do
 Learning to be

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Quality education……Quality education……
Views the learner as an individual, and
educates to create individual competency in
all four roles
Is locally relevant and culturally appropriate
Is informed of the past, is relevant to the
present, and prepares individuals for the
future

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Quality education……Quality education……
Builds:
 Knowledge
 Life skills
 Perspectives
 Attitudes & values
Provides skills for employability
Is measurable

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Curriculum FrameworkCurriculum Framework
Learning:
 function of doing
 undergoing & testing
 (includes acquisition of habits, skills &
appreciations)
Emphasis on thinking skills
Need to use Information technology

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Curriculum framework……Curriculum framework……
 Quality of books/course material:
 To have clearly defined objectives
 To be kept up to date – based on:
 New information/knowledge
 Classroom experience
 Level of comprehension of learners
 Preparation and use of supplementary material
 Preparation of material in time

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Transaction of CurriculumTransaction of Curriculum
Planning:
 Term plan: distribution of units/sub-units:
 Teaching time
 Testing time
 Revision time
 Final examination time
 Daily lesson plan

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teaching MethodologyTeaching Methodology
We often teach as we ourselves were
taught, rather than in the way we were
trained to teach.
Many in higher education without training
Knowledge of subject only not sufficient for
effective teaching

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teaching methodology……Teaching methodology……
 Many teaching skills common to all
subjects:
 Management of teaching environment
 Use of teaching material
 Communication and presentation skills
 Interpersonal skills
 Assessment

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teaching methodology……Teaching methodology……
 Interactive teaching:
 Explore the links between teaching, learning and
formal assessment:
 How we learn
 Compare this with the way we teach
 Investigate our assessment methods – effect on the
quality of our students’ learning
 Encouraging to learn for the future – not for
examination alone

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teaching methodology…….Teaching methodology…….
Interactive lectures:
 Make them meaningful experiences for
students
 Look at concentration spans
 How to activate students during breaks
 Presentation skills to maintain interest

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teaching methodology……Teaching methodology……
 Learning, teaching and assessment: Ask yourself:
 How can we understand the learning needs of
students who are less able than we were?
 What makes students want to learn more and to
continue to do so?
 How can the relationship between learning and
assessment be strengthened?
 How to encourage better performance through
positive and constructive feedback?

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teaching methodology……Teaching methodology……
Lecturing: Ask yourself:
 What are the ways of making lectures more
interactive?
 How can we improve our lecturing through
student feedback?

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teaching methodology…….Teaching methodology…….
 Seminars & group discussions: They encourage
students:
 To compare their ideas with each other
 To give expression to their understanding of a
subject
 To develop skills in listening
 To draw out information
 To persuade others to their way of thinking
 To develop cooperation and teamwork

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Interactive teaching methodsInteractive teaching methods
 Class discussion
 Whole group participates
 Teacher leads, coaches
 Discussion groups:
 Used for larger groups
 Reduces anxiety
 Structured for homogeneity or diversity
 Teacher to circulate to ensure effectiveness

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Interactive teachingInteractive teaching
methods……..methods……..
Group projects:
 Teacher as consultant/facilitator
 Encourage skills in:
• Interpersonal relationships
• Negotiation
• Teamwork

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Interactive teachingInteractive teaching
methods……..methods……..
Peer teaching:
 Useful when great variance in levels of
learning
 Those who have mastered skill coach others
 Must ensure peer teachers are competent
 Can be used to master components of a task
– particularly useful for technical subjects

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Experiential teaching methodsExperiential teaching methods
Field/clinical:
 Provides real-life experience
 Student completes tasks while being
observed and/or reports back and receives
feedback
 Requires careful planning

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Experiential teachingExperiential teaching
methods……….methods……….
Laboratory:
 Hands-on practice
 Good control by the teacher
Role-playing:
 Useful for interpersonal skills
 Allows practice in lower-threat environment

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Experiential teachingExperiential teaching
methods……….methods……….
Simulations/games:
 Facilitate practice in all areas
 Require well-structured materials
 Immediate feedback; highly interactive
Drill:
 Repetitions of tasks to build auto. Response
 Useful for lower cognitive domains

22. 02/18/15
Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Classroom InteractionClassroom Interaction
 Critical thinking: students to think, speak &
be listened to
 Collaborative learning: encourage peer-to-
peer interaction and cooperation
 Value of group learning: student talk, listen,
question, and so learn

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Classroom Interaction……..Classroom Interaction……..
 Designing group tasks:
 Related to the course
 Related to subsequent tests
 Teacher’s role:
 Monitor unobtrusively
 Focus on what the group discovered and not
what teacher knows or thinks

24. 02/18/15
Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Interactive Classroom:Interactive Classroom:
Encourage students’ interaction:Encourage students’ interaction:
 Begin class with a controversy or problem.
Instead of: “We are going to cover this……”
Begin with: “ Here’s the question we want to
answer.”
 Use silence to encourage reflection
 Arrange and use classroom space to
encourage interaction

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Skilful QuestioningSkilful Questioning
 As teachers we ask tens of thousands of
questions that we already know the answer
to!
 The only point of asking questions is:
 To raise issues about which the teacher
needs information
 About which the pupils need to think

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teachers use Questions forTeachers use Questions for
many reasons:many reasons:
 To provide students with an explanation
 To allow students to use prior knowledge
 To check and correct, evaluate students’
understanding
 As a classroom management strategy

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
On the students’ part Q’s can:On the students’ part Q’s can:
 Encourage students to review or revise
work
 Engage in active listening and thinking
 Actively involve in learning process

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teacher assesses efficacy ofTeacher assesses efficacy of
teaching-learning processteaching-learning process
 Via questioning students learn more as they
become active participants rather than
passive observers.
 Students are encouraged to understand
rather than just receiving knowledge.

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Classification of QuestionsClassification of Questions
‘Open’ questions: designed to elicit more
than one possible answer – a detailed
response.
Ex: What do you think the world would be
like if there were no cars?
‘Closed’ questions: designed to elicit just
the required answer.
Ex: When was the Rustaq fort built?

30. 02/18/15
Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Quality of questionsQuality of questions
 Questions should be:
 Clear
 Brief
 In a natural and simple language
 Thought provoking & distributed widely
 Having balance between ‘fact’ and
‘thought’ questions

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Effective questioning strategyEffective questioning strategy
 Wait time: Students have opportunity to think
before answering.
 Students are encouraged to consult with their
partner/group to formulate answer.
 Teacher involves a number of students in the
answer to a single question creating an
opportunity for discussion, ex:
What do you think?
Do you agree with the answer?

32. 02/18/15
Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Continued…..Continued…..
 Appropriateness of questions; fitness for
purpose
 Quality and range of questions
 Opportunities for students to formulate their
own questions
The better the questioning, the more
reliable the evidence collected by the
teacher to evaluate the teaching-
learning process.

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
RecapitulationRecapitulation
 At the end of every sub-unit/point
 At the beginning of the class before starting
a new unit/sub-unit/point
 At the end of the unit

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Class workClass work
 Supervise/go round
 Check
 Guide/assist
 Pair work
 Group work

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Home workHome work
Type of home work:
 Written
 Oral
 Project work – individual/group
Checking
Follow-up

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
RevisionRevision
 Revision test
 Oral
 Written
 Practice examination
 Remedial action

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Teaching aidsTeaching aids
 Board and marker
 Flash cards
 Charts
 OHP
 PowerPoint Presentation-good for revision
 Field visits

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Reflective TeachingReflective Teaching
 What is reflective teaching? It is a form of:
 Problem solving
 Thinking to resolve an issue
 Involves active chaining
 Careful ordering of ideas linking each with
its predecessors

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Reflective teaching……Reflective teaching……
 Reflection a key component of teacher
development
 Self-enquiry & critical thinking help in:
 assessing strengths and weaknesses
 taking remedial action

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Reflective teaching…….Reflective teaching…….
 Reflective actions integrate with personal
attitudes:
 Open-mindedness
 Responsibility
 Whole-heartedness
 Reflective actions bring balance between
thought and action

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Reflective teaching…….Reflective teaching…….
 It is about using opportunities to
systematically:
 Explore
 Question
 Frame and re-frame
 Challenge own teaching
 Make informed choices
 Reflection is the heart of good teaching

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Principles of ReflectionPrinciples of Reflection
 Teacher to be interested in the problem
 Issue to be owned by teacher – not imposed
 Solution is rested in the teacher
 Systematic procedures necessary
 Issue to be derived from teacher’s
experience
 Ideas once tested to lead to some action
 Reflexive action to redefine practice in
teaching

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Relationship between methodology andRelationship between methodology and
reflection:reflection:
 Reflection a process to integrate theory into
practice
 Link between learnt knowledge and practice
 Reflection is more than ‘thinking’
 Focuses on day-to-day classroom teaching
 Improvement through reflection
 Process aimed at becoming a ‘critically
reflective teacher’

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Skills for a good reflective teacherSkills for a good reflective teacher
 Self-initiated inquiry: Reinforce points of
strength
Improve weak points
 Incorporates new theories in teaching
 Openness and creativity
 Develops himself/herself: through reading,
conferences & workshops, discussion with
colleagues
 Regular in reflection

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Reflective teaching……….Reflective teaching……….
How does reflective teaching integrate theory
into practice?
 Exploring Teaching “Shall I teach?”:
 teacher-centred/student-centred approach
 Academic Preparation “What shall I
teach?”:
 content and amount of knowledge

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Reflective teaching……….Reflective teaching……….
 Understanding Learners “How do students
learn?”:
 knowing students & strategies of learning
will help in planning lessons
 Organizing for Teaching “How shall I
teach?”
 to be built around the needs of students as
well the target outcomes

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Reflective teaching……….Reflective teaching……….
 Education and the cultural context “Why do
we teach?”:
 Teaching is done in social context
 Environment affects teaching
 Teachers need to know:
o The aims of education
o The culture of their students

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Types of ReflectionTypes of Reflection
 Pre-lesson reflection:
 Anticipate events & plan accordingly
 Tasks, organization of tasks, time for each,
the way to introduce it
 Techniques & strategies
 Language, skills, visual aids
 Classroom environment

49. 02/18/15
Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Types of Reflection……..Types of Reflection……..
 Reflection-in-action:
 On-the-spot experience, try, check success
 Makes teacher’s performance thoughtful
and practical
 Helps in integrating theory and practice

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Types of Reflection……..Types of Reflection……..
 Reflection-on-action:
 Questions an event/situation that occurred
in the classroom
 Plenty of time to think about
 Write down the observations
 Think and plan remedial action
 Discuss with colleague or consult reference

51. 02/18/15
Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
Activities for development ofActivities for development of
reflective teachingreflective teaching
 Action research
 Audio or video recording of lessons
 Reflection sheet
 Peer observation

52. 02/18/15
Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
How do teachers reflect on theirHow do teachers reflect on their
teaching? (sequence of strategies…)teaching? (sequence of strategies…)
 Teach! The teacher gives the lesson
 Think back.
 Describe. The teacher describes the events
in his lesson
 Investigate reasons that led to them
 Re-frame events in the light of several
theoretical frameworks

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
How do teachers reflect on theirHow do teachers reflect on their
teaching? (sequence of strategies…)teaching? (sequence of strategies…)
 Generate multiple understandings
 Decide what to do next
 Start it all over again
“Reflection on one’s teaching is a practice
that requires discipline, openness,
continuity and detachment.”

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
EvaluationEvaluation
Note: “Technology of Evaluation (including
setting question papers)” to be discussed
separately.

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Quality Education by Manmohan
Joshi
THANK YOU!THANK YOU!