Morphology Report

2. MORPHOLOGY

3. What is MORPHOLOGY?
Morphology is the branch of linguistics
that studies the structure of words.
Study of internal structure of words.

4. MORPHEME- smallest linguistic
unit which has a meaning or
grammatical function.
ALLOMORPHS- morphemes having
the same function but different in
form. Example:
SINCERE/SINCERITY ,
SEVERE/SEVERITY,
CONFUSE/CONFUSIO
N

5. CLASSIFICATION OF
MORPHOLOGY
•Root- nucleus of the word that affixes attach to.
shout-ed, act-ion, care-ful, love-ly
•Affix- a bound morpheme which added to the root words.
Suffix- talk-ing, quick-ly, hope-ful, sad-ly, perform-ance
Prefix- un-happy, pre-existing, de-code, il-legal,mis-
place
Infix- s placed within a word; these are rare in English,
though cupful can be made plural as cupsful by inserting
the plural s as an infix.

7. MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS

8. Morpheme-internal Changes: a type of word
formation process wherein a word changes
internally to indicate grammatical information.
ablaut: sing, sang, sung; swim, swam, swum other
changes: man, men; mouse, mice, goose, geese

9. Suppletion: a relationship between forms of a word
wherein on form cannot be phonologically or
morphologically derived from the other, this process is
rare.
am - was; go –went
good - better; bad – worse

13. Kinds of Words according to
Morpheme Structure
2. Complex words
- root word + at least 1 affix.
-example:
worker, reread, retelling

14. Kinds of Words according to
Morpheme Structure
3. Compound words
- with 2 root words
- example:
ashtray, mailbox, lazybones,
backbone

15. FREE MORPHEMES
Content words/ Lexical
words
Function words/
Grammatical words
this group includes nouns,
verbs, adverbs and
adjectives
Examples: happy, run,
man, pizza, pretty, easy
this group includes
conjunctions, articles,
pronouns and prepositions
Examples: to, but, and,
that, there, first, often,
soon, none, all

16. 1. Affixation - which is forming new
words by the combination of bound
affixes and free morphemes.
There are three types of affixation:
A.Prefixation: where an affix is placed
before the base of the word

17. In Tagalog, a language of the
Philippines, for example, the infix ‘um’
is used for infinitive forms of verbs (to
_______)
sulat ‘write’ sumulat ‘to write’
bili ‘buy’ bumili ‘to buy’
kuha ‘take’ kumuha ‘to take’

18. 2. Compounding - which is forming new words not from
bound affixes but from two or more independent words:
the words can be free morphemes, words derived by
affixation, or even words formed by compounds
themselves.
e.g. girlfriend air-conditioner
 blackbird looking-glass
 textbook watchmaker

19. 4. Blending - where two words
merge into each other, such as:
brunch from breakfast and
lunch
smog from smoke and
fog

20. 5. Ablaut - it is a change in
a vowel that carries extra
meaning
Example:
sing-sang-sung

21. 6. Abbreviations
(several types)
Clipping : grad, math,
prof, dorm
Acronym: radar, AIDS

23. The End!
Thank you for Listening!