1. Chapter 4

2. The Role of Climate
Weather is the day-to-day
Weather is the day-to-day
condition of Earth’s atmosphere
condition of Earth’s
atatmosphere at a particular time
a particular time and place.
and place.
climate is the average, year-to-
climate is the average, year-to-
year conditions of temperature
year conditions of temperature
and precipitation in a particular
and precipitation in a particular
region.
region.

3. What factors cause climate?
Climate is caused
• By the trapping of heat by the
atmosphere, the transport of heat by
winds and ocean currents, and the
amount of precipitation that results.
• The shape and elevation of landmasses
also contribute to global climate
patterns

4. The effect of Latitude on Climate
Equator circles Earth halfway between the
north and south poles.
Latitude is the distance in degrees north
or south of the equator.
Why does solar radiation strike different parts of Earth’s
surface at an angle that varies throughout the year?
Earth is a sphere that is tilted on its axis

5. The major climate Zones
Polar zones areas around North and South poles. Cold
areas. It is where the Sun’s rays strike the Earth at a
very low angle.
Temperate zones Between the polar zone and the
tropics. Ranges from hot to cold, depending on the
season.
Tropical zones or tropics is near the equator between
23.5o North and 23.5o South latitude. Almost always
warm.

6. The major climate Zones

7. Why does Earth have different climate
zones?
It has different climate
zones as a result of
differences in latitude and
thus the angle of heating.

8. Heat Transport in the Biosphere
•The unequal heating of Earth’s surface drives
winds and ocean currents.
•Wind forms because warm air tends to rise
and cool air tends to sink.
•The upward movement of warm air and the
downward of cool air create currents, or winds,
that move heat throughout the atmosphere
from regions of sinker air to regions of rising
air.
Warm air is less dense than cool air.

9. The Greenhouse Effect

10. The Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse effect s the
process of absorbing and
radiating heat which
regulated the temperature.
It is the retention of heat by
the layer of greenhouse
gases.

11. The Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect Different Latitudes
90°N North Pole
Sunlight
Sunlight
Arctic circle 66.5°N
Some heat
escapes
into space Sunlight
Tropic of Cancer 23.5°N
Equator
Most direct sunlight 0°
Greenhouse
gases trap
some heat Tropic of Capricorn 23.5°S
Sunlight
Atmosphere
Arctic circle
66.5°S
Sunlight
Earth’s surface
90°S South Pole

12. The primary greenhouse gases
 Many natural and
human-made gases
contribute to the
greenhouse effect that
warms the Earth's
surface.
 Water vapor (H2O) is the
most important, followed
by carbon dioxide (CO2),
methane (CH4), nitrous
oxide (N2O), and the
chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) used in air
conditioners and many
industrial processes.

13. The primary greenhouse gases
 Water H20
 Carbon dioxide CO2
 Methane CH4
 Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and a few
atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain
Earth’s temperature range.
 Without the greenhouse effect the Earth would
become a frozen wasteland because Earth would
be 30 degrees Celsius cooler than it is today.

14. Sources of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Cars and lorries make
carbon dioxide which is
causing climate change.
How do they make the
carbon dioxide?

15. How do cars make carbon dioxide?
Cars, lorries and buses need fuel
to make them work.
They usually need petrol or
diesel.
They fill up at petrol stations.
Where does petrol and diesel
come from?

16. Making petrol and diesel
Petrol and diesel are made from
oil.
Oil is made naturally when
fossilised sea creatures become
buried deep underground. Oil is
called a ‘fossil fuel’.
The oil rig brings the liquid oil
to the surface and the tanker
takes it to the refinery.
Oil contains lots of carbon but it
is not yet carbon dioxide.

17. Making petrol and diesel
The oil refinery converts the oil
into petrol, diesel and other
useful materials.

18. Tankers deliver the petrol and diesel

19. Cars use the petrol and diesel
Cars and lorries have engines
that burn petrol or diesel. This
gives the energy to move them
along the road.
When the petrol and diesel
burns, it is convered into carbon
dioxide gas.
The carbon dioxide escapes out
of the exhaust pipe.
Carbon contained in the oil is converted into carbon
dioxide gas in the air. This adds to climate change.

20. Sources of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
So burning the petrol
Think about ways to
or diesel makes carbon
reduce the amount of
dioxide.
carbon dioxide that is
made by cars and
lorries.

21. Activities about Climate Change
http://www.climatechoices.org.uk/pages/activities0.htm#p1
http://www.climatechoices.org.uk/animation/greenhouse.swf
End presentation
End presentation
Thank You!
End presentation