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Navigating Research  with the GPS ,[object Object],[object Object]
Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Content in  Syllabus
Brief History ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Where do I start?
What should I research? Birth? Marriage? Death? Military Service? Land Ownership? Parents? North Carolina? Ashe County? Yadkin County? 1869? 1870?
Lost?
1
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research Plan Research Log
 
Known Information
Source Information Informant / Relationship Pedigree Chart AND Family Group Sheet – Worth Tucker & Florence Abby Pulsipher Worth  - son of Moses Tucker and Mary Jane Dollar. Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. Carolina Married: Florence Abby Pulsipher on 22 May 1895 Died: 5 Nov 1927 at Livingston, Montana Kirtley E. Tucker – son of Worth Tucker & Florence Abby Pulsipher
Source Information Informant / Relationship Family Group Sheet – Moses Tucker & Mary Jane Dollar Worth  - son of Moses Tucker and Mary Jane Dollar Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. C. Married: Florence Abby Pulsipher on 22 May 1894 Died: 5 Nov 1927 Andrew Mason Tucker – son of Moses Tucker and Emeline Dollar.  Half brother of Worth (20 years younger)
Research Strategy Help ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research Guidance:  www.FamilySearch.org
Family History Library Catalog: Place Search
… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Date Location Record/Source Results Doc 7/4/2008 At home Some Tucker History: Pedigree Chart Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. Carolina 1 7/4/2008 At home Some Tucker History: Family Group Sheet – Moses Tucker & Mary Jane Dollar Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. C. 2 7/4/2008 At home Some Tucker History: Family Group Sheet – Worth Tucker & Florence Abby Pulsipher Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. North Carolina 3
1 2
3 Date Location Record/Source Results Doc 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Ancestral File v4.19 Worth Tucker Individual Record Born: 30 Nov 1870 Yadkin Co., Nc 4
1 2
3 Date Location Record/Source Results Doc 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 No source information Born: 1870, Ashe,  North Carolina 5 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Film Number:  457622 Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe,  North Carolina 6 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Source Call No.:  035126 Record of members … Born: 30 Nov 1870, Creston, Ashe,  North Carolina 7 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Film Number:  1239624 Born: 30 Nov 1870, Of, , Ashe, North Carolina 8 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Film Number:  170485  Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe,  North Carolina 9 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Film Number:  170490 Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe,  North Carolina 10
1 2
3 Date Location Source Results Doc 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #89… Born: 1870,  North Carolina 11 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #129… Born: 30 Nov 1870, Yadkin,  North Carolina 12 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #117… Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe,  North Carolina 13 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #13… Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe, NC 14 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #130… Born: 1870, NC 15 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #101… Born: 1870, NC 16 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #127… Born: 1870, NC 17 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #134… Born: 30 Nov 1870,  North Fork, Ashe, North Carolina 18 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #135… 30 Nov 1870,  Yadkin Co ., NC 19
…
I’m exhausted. Do I really need to search any more?
2
“ We conduct a reasonably exhaustive search in reliable sources for all information that is or may be pertinent to the identity, relationship, event, or situation in question.”
First oral or written form From that already written or spoken ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tracking of each representation of a source back to the original. Original ← D1 ← D2 ← D3 D? -> … -> Original
Census Microfilm Copy Digital Copy Printout Source Provenance &  Original vs. Derivative Original D1 D2 D3 Genealogist Enumerator
Research Analysis Research Plan Research Log
Identify: Original vs. Derivative Source Analysis: Source Type Doc Pedigree Chart Derivative 1 Family Group Sheet Derivative 2,3 Ancestral File Derivative 4 IGI Derivative 5-10 Pedigree Resource File Derivative 11-19
Do I need to keep track of more than the information that I find?
3
“ We collect and include in our compilation a complete, accurate citation to the source or sources of each item of information we use.”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Source Citation Guides: ,[object Object],[object Object],By Elizabeth Shown Mills, CG, CGL, FASG Published by Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc.
Why special citation guidelines?
Citation Model Source:  Evidence Explained, pg 320  (also 346-350) Derivatives: Church Records Database, Online
Source Doc Kirtley E. Tucker, Kirtley Elwood Tucker Pedigree Chart, Some Tucker History; supplied by Kirtley E. Tucker, [ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE,] Kaysville, Utah, abt. 1977. 1 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "International Genealogical Index," database,  FamilySearch  (http://www.familysearch.org : accessed 5 Jul 2008), Worth Tucker Individual Record.  7 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Pedigree Resource File," database,  FamilySearch  (http://www.familysearch.org : accessed 5 Jul 2008), Worth Tucker Individual Record.  11
Should there be one standard set of citation guidelines?
Online Source Citation Confusion FamilySearch Ancestry Evidence Explained
How do I analyze all this information?
4
“ We analyze and correlate the collected information to assess its quality as evidence.”
Duplicate Original (Counterparts) Record Copy (Clerk’s copy) Image Copy Transcript Extract Abstract
Firsthand (participant, eyewitness)  Secondhand (non-participant)
Answers the research goal by itself Relevant, but can’t stand alone Absence of information that should exist
Always Derivatives 1 2 3 Transcript Extract Abstract
Source Image Copy Original or  Derivative
Original Record Copy (Clerk’s copy) Register Legal copy made by an official Informant Clerk
Duplicate Originals Fed Copy Local Copy Grantor Grantee Deed Census 3 1 2 Enumerator Counterpart
Census Original Enumerator Microfilm Copy Digital Copy Printout Derivatives used as Originals Image Copy Census Fed Copy Duplicate Original Extract Search Index Image Copy Image Copy Similar to an Abstract Original or treat as original Derivative
Who can provide primary information of Worth’s birth?
Information & Evidence Analysis Information & Evidence Analysis: … Doc Information Informant 1 Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. Carolina Kirtley E. Tucker – son of Worth Tucker & Florence Abby Pulsipher
Information & Evidence Analysis: … Information (Primary, Secondary) Evidence (Direct, Indirect, Negative) Secondary Direct
From Research Plan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IGI Sources ,[object Object],[object Object]
IGI Sources… cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US Federal Census:  FHL microfilm 1900 Census: Nov 1869, age 30, North Carolina 1910 Census: calc. 1870, age 39, North Carolina
Grave Marker:  www.findagrave.com Photo Courtesy of Find A Grave Nov 30, 1870
Death Certificate November  12th. 1872 North Carolina Primary vs.  Secondary Information
Marriage License Age 24 on  15 May 1895 Born: calc. 1870
Birth Certificate County Date Formed Birth Parent  Marriage County/ies Death Ashe 1799 1913 Wilkes 1828 1913
Research Completed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What do I do about conflicts?
5
“ We resolve any conflicts caused by items of evidence that contradict each other or are contrary to a proposed (hypothetical) solution to the question.”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
All conflicts  must  be resolved. Even primary information from an original source can be wrong.
Resolve Conflicts Conflicting Evidence: Conflict Resolution 12 Nov 1872 Grieving son was informant. 1869 or 1870 Calculated dates either 1869 or 1870.  Worth not in June 1870 Census. Unknown informant for 1900 Census which stated 1869. Ashe or Yadkin Family in Ashe Co. in 1870 & 1880.  IGI lists Ashe.  Yadkin 50 miles away. Creston, North Fork, or Laurel Family in Laurel in 1870 & 1880. Each place within 5 miles of each other.
Am I done yet?
6
“ We arrive at a soundly reasoned, coherently written conclusion.”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
There is no such thing as a  final  conclusion. New information can support, question, or disprove your current conclusion.
Written Conclusion (Proof Argument) Conclusion: Worth Tucker was born Nov 1870 (possibly on the 30 th ) in Ashe County, North Carolina.  The exact location is likely Laurel Township where his parents (Moses Tucker and Mary Jane Dollar) were living in 1870 & 1880.  Other locations within a 5 mile area that are also mentioned are Creston and North Fork.
Next Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SOURCES  provide  INFORMATION  from which we select  EVIDENCE  for  ANALYSIS .  A sound  CONCLUSION  may then be considered “ PROOF .” - Elizabeth Shown Mills
Desktop References
Genealogy Research Process Map www.thinkgenealogy.com/grpm/

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Navigating Research with the Genealogical Proof Standard

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Where do I start?
  • 5. What should I research? Birth? Marriage? Death? Military Service? Land Ownership? Parents? North Carolina? Ashe County? Yadkin County? 1869? 1870?
  • 7. 1
  • 8.  
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 12.  
  • 14. Source Information Informant / Relationship Pedigree Chart AND Family Group Sheet – Worth Tucker & Florence Abby Pulsipher Worth - son of Moses Tucker and Mary Jane Dollar. Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. Carolina Married: Florence Abby Pulsipher on 22 May 1895 Died: 5 Nov 1927 at Livingston, Montana Kirtley E. Tucker – son of Worth Tucker & Florence Abby Pulsipher
  • 15. Source Information Informant / Relationship Family Group Sheet – Moses Tucker & Mary Jane Dollar Worth - son of Moses Tucker and Mary Jane Dollar Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. C. Married: Florence Abby Pulsipher on 22 May 1894 Died: 5 Nov 1927 Andrew Mason Tucker – son of Moses Tucker and Emeline Dollar. Half brother of Worth (20 years younger)
  • 16.
  • 17. Research Guidance: www.FamilySearch.org
  • 18. Family History Library Catalog: Place Search
  • 19.
  • 20. Date Location Record/Source Results Doc 7/4/2008 At home Some Tucker History: Pedigree Chart Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. Carolina 1 7/4/2008 At home Some Tucker History: Family Group Sheet – Moses Tucker & Mary Jane Dollar Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. C. 2 7/4/2008 At home Some Tucker History: Family Group Sheet – Worth Tucker & Florence Abby Pulsipher Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. North Carolina 3
  • 21. 1 2
  • 22. 3 Date Location Record/Source Results Doc 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Ancestral File v4.19 Worth Tucker Individual Record Born: 30 Nov 1870 Yadkin Co., Nc 4
  • 23. 1 2
  • 24. 3 Date Location Record/Source Results Doc 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 No source information Born: 1870, Ashe, North Carolina 5 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Film Number: 457622 Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe, North Carolina 6 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Source Call No.: 035126 Record of members … Born: 30 Nov 1870, Creston, Ashe, North Carolina 7 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Film Number: 1239624 Born: 30 Nov 1870, Of, , Ashe, North Carolina 8 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Film Number: 170485 Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe, North Carolina 9 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org IGI v5.0 Film Number: 170490 Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe, North Carolina 10
  • 25. 1 2
  • 26. 3 Date Location Source Results Doc 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #89… Born: 1870, North Carolina 11 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #129… Born: 30 Nov 1870, Yadkin, North Carolina 12 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #117… Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe, North Carolina 13 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #13… Born: 30 Nov 1870, Ashe, NC 14 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #130… Born: 1870, NC 15 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #101… Born: 1870, NC 16 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #127… Born: 1870, NC 17 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #134… Born: 30 Nov 1870, North Fork, Ashe, North Carolina 18 7/5/2008 www.familysearch.org Pedigree Resource File Disc #135… 30 Nov 1870, Yadkin Co ., NC 19
  • 27.
  • 28. I’m exhausted. Do I really need to search any more?
  • 29. 2
  • 30. “ We conduct a reasonably exhaustive search in reliable sources for all information that is or may be pertinent to the identity, relationship, event, or situation in question.”
  • 31.
  • 32. Tracking of each representation of a source back to the original. Original ← D1 ← D2 ← D3 D? -> … -> Original
  • 33. Census Microfilm Copy Digital Copy Printout Source Provenance & Original vs. Derivative Original D1 D2 D3 Genealogist Enumerator
  • 34. Research Analysis Research Plan Research Log
  • 35. Identify: Original vs. Derivative Source Analysis: Source Type Doc Pedigree Chart Derivative 1 Family Group Sheet Derivative 2,3 Ancestral File Derivative 4 IGI Derivative 5-10 Pedigree Resource File Derivative 11-19
  • 36. Do I need to keep track of more than the information that I find?
  • 37. 3
  • 38. “ We collect and include in our compilation a complete, accurate citation to the source or sources of each item of information we use.”
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41. Why special citation guidelines?
  • 42. Citation Model Source: Evidence Explained, pg 320 (also 346-350) Derivatives: Church Records Database, Online
  • 43. Source Doc Kirtley E. Tucker, Kirtley Elwood Tucker Pedigree Chart, Some Tucker History; supplied by Kirtley E. Tucker, [ADDRESS FOR PRIVATE USE,] Kaysville, Utah, abt. 1977. 1 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "International Genealogical Index," database, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.org : accessed 5 Jul 2008), Worth Tucker Individual Record. 7 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Pedigree Resource File," database, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.org : accessed 5 Jul 2008), Worth Tucker Individual Record. 11
  • 44. Should there be one standard set of citation guidelines?
  • 45. Online Source Citation Confusion FamilySearch Ancestry Evidence Explained
  • 46. How do I analyze all this information?
  • 47. 4
  • 48. “ We analyze and correlate the collected information to assess its quality as evidence.”
  • 49. Duplicate Original (Counterparts) Record Copy (Clerk’s copy) Image Copy Transcript Extract Abstract
  • 50. Firsthand (participant, eyewitness) Secondhand (non-participant)
  • 51. Answers the research goal by itself Relevant, but can’t stand alone Absence of information that should exist
  • 52. Always Derivatives 1 2 3 Transcript Extract Abstract
  • 53. Source Image Copy Original or Derivative
  • 54. Original Record Copy (Clerk’s copy) Register Legal copy made by an official Informant Clerk
  • 55. Duplicate Originals Fed Copy Local Copy Grantor Grantee Deed Census 3 1 2 Enumerator Counterpart
  • 56. Census Original Enumerator Microfilm Copy Digital Copy Printout Derivatives used as Originals Image Copy Census Fed Copy Duplicate Original Extract Search Index Image Copy Image Copy Similar to an Abstract Original or treat as original Derivative
  • 57. Who can provide primary information of Worth’s birth?
  • 58. Information & Evidence Analysis Information & Evidence Analysis: … Doc Information Informant 1 Born: 30 Nov 1870 in Ashe Co. N. Carolina Kirtley E. Tucker – son of Worth Tucker & Florence Abby Pulsipher
  • 59. Information & Evidence Analysis: … Information (Primary, Secondary) Evidence (Direct, Indirect, Negative) Secondary Direct
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63. US Federal Census: FHL microfilm 1900 Census: Nov 1869, age 30, North Carolina 1910 Census: calc. 1870, age 39, North Carolina
  • 64. Grave Marker: www.findagrave.com Photo Courtesy of Find A Grave Nov 30, 1870
  • 65. Death Certificate November 12th. 1872 North Carolina Primary vs. Secondary Information
  • 66. Marriage License Age 24 on 15 May 1895 Born: calc. 1870
  • 67. Birth Certificate County Date Formed Birth Parent Marriage County/ies Death Ashe 1799 1913 Wilkes 1828 1913
  • 68.
  • 69. What do I do about conflicts?
  • 70. 5
  • 71. “ We resolve any conflicts caused by items of evidence that contradict each other or are contrary to a proposed (hypothetical) solution to the question.”
  • 72.
  • 73. All conflicts must be resolved. Even primary information from an original source can be wrong.
  • 74. Resolve Conflicts Conflicting Evidence: Conflict Resolution 12 Nov 1872 Grieving son was informant. 1869 or 1870 Calculated dates either 1869 or 1870. Worth not in June 1870 Census. Unknown informant for 1900 Census which stated 1869. Ashe or Yadkin Family in Ashe Co. in 1870 & 1880. IGI lists Ashe. Yadkin 50 miles away. Creston, North Fork, or Laurel Family in Laurel in 1870 & 1880. Each place within 5 miles of each other.
  • 75. Am I done yet?
  • 76. 6
  • 77. “ We arrive at a soundly reasoned, coherently written conclusion.”
  • 78.
  • 79. There is no such thing as a final conclusion. New information can support, question, or disprove your current conclusion.
  • 80. Written Conclusion (Proof Argument) Conclusion: Worth Tucker was born Nov 1870 (possibly on the 30 th ) in Ashe County, North Carolina. The exact location is likely Laurel Township where his parents (Moses Tucker and Mary Jane Dollar) were living in 1870 & 1880. Other locations within a 5 mile area that are also mentioned are Creston and North Fork.
  • 81.
  • 82. SOURCES provide INFORMATION from which we select EVIDENCE for ANALYSIS . A sound CONCLUSION may then be considered “ PROOF .” - Elizabeth Shown Mills
  • 84. Genealogy Research Process Map www.thinkgenealogy.com/grpm/