The document discusses various aspects of media and software piracy including: - Definitions of piracy and pirated goods under copyright law. - Types of piracy like print, music, films, software and internet piracy. - Factors that enable piracy like costs of goods and weak enforcement. - Consequences of piracy like fines and jail time for individuals engaged in illegal sharing or distribution of copyrighted content.

1. Submitted to: Sir Waqar Malik
Submitted by: Maryam Jamil,37
Zahida Malik,13
Amna Ashfaq,29
Maryam Yaseen,14

2.  "Regardless of how the infringer sees it... piracy is theft of
intellectual property and is no more justifiable than shoplifting,
stealing cable service or other utilities. Developers invest time and
money to develop a... product and deserve to make a fair profit - so
they can develop new ...products. This is particularly crucial for
small developers... whose survival depends on income from sales to
a limited market“

3.  "Pirated copyright goods shall mean any goods which
are copies made without the consent of the rightholder
or person duly authorised by the rightholder in the
country of production and which are made directly or
indirectly from an article where the making of that copy
would have constituted an infringement of a copyright
or a related right under the law of the country of
importation"

5.  The explosion of media piracy was galvanized by the
invention of the MP3 format back in 1993. This
format allowed the copying of CDs to computer
devices, from which pirate CD replicas could then be
produced. The MP3 format wasn't used as widely for
piracy until the Napster website opened in 1999.
This highly publicized site allowed users to trade and
download musical files. Though Napster was
eventually closed after the recording industry
brought a number of lawsuits against it, a variety of
peer-to-peer file services has since sprung up across
the Net, making it easy to download media files
illegally.

6.  Print
 Music
 Films
 Software
 Internet (online)

7.  Any unauthorized use of a copyrighted work, such as a
book, school manual, journal article or sheet music,
represents an infringement of copyright or a case of
copyright piracy, unless covered by a copyright exception.
Piracy of printed works affects both paper copies and works
in digital format. In some developing countries, trade in
pirated books often exceeds the legitimate market.
Educational institutions represent a primary target market
for pirates.
Infringing activities include both illegal commercial
photocopying and/or printing and reproduction of books
and other printed material in digital form, as well as
distribution in hard copy or digital format.

8.  Music piracy includes both traditional unlawful use of
music and unauthorized use of music on on-line
communication networks.
 Bootlegging (unauthorized recording and duplication of a
live or broadcast performance)
 Counterfeiting (unauthorized copying of the material
support, labels, artwork and packaging) are the most
widespread types of traditional music piracy.
 The unauthorized uploading and making available to the
public of music files or downloading such files from an
Internet site is referred to as Internet or on-line piracy. On-
line piracy may also include certain uses of "streaming"
technologies.

10. As in the case of music, film piracy is either traditional
or done over the Internet. It includes, but is not limited
to, videocassette and optical disc piracy, theatrical
camcorder piracy, theatrical print theft, signal theft and
broadcasting piracy, and on-line piracy.

13. Software piracy refers to practices that involve the
unauthorized copying of computer software.

14.  The unauthorized downloading or distribution over
the Internet of unauthorized copies of works such as
movies, music, videogames and software is generally
referred to as Internet or on-line piracy. Illicit
downloads occur through file-sharing networks, illegal
servers, websites and hacked computers. Hard goods
pirates also use the Internet to sell illegally duplicated
DVDs through auctions and websites.

16.  Low level of public awareness
 High consumer demand for cultural products
 Misconceptions about piracy
 Inefficient intellectual property protection and weak
enforcement of rights
 High cost of cultural goods
 Difficulty of access to legitimate works
 Considerable business profits for pirates

18.  In the United States, as in many countries around the
world, breaking copyright on media is illegal
 If an individual breaks federal law regarding media
piracy, she is liable to end up in court. Even a first-time
offender can end up paying as much as $250,000 in fines,
or face a maximum five years in jail. Copyright holders,
like the Recording Industry Association of America, also
have the ability to sue individuals, and can potentially be
awarded as much as $150,000 for every copyrighted file
distributed illegally.

19.  Authorities responsible for enforcing the copyright law
1. Police- Section 74 (3) of the Copyright Law.
2. Federal Investigation Agency- Second Schedule of FIA Act of 1974.
3. Customs- Sections 58, 65A to 65C of the Copyright Law.
4. Judiciary- Civil/Criminal- Sections 59 to 77 of the Copyright Law.
5. Pakistan electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA)-
PEMRA Ordinance 2007

20.  Megaupload, a Hong-Kong based company, was a file
sharing site founded by Kim Dotcom in 2005. Users could
freely upload and download files from the site, but needed
to pay a small sum to upgrade their access to "premium
access" so as to have access to faster download speeds, no
file limitations etc. However, the site was shut down on the
19 January 2012, after being accused of costing copyright
holders of films, music and other content more than $500
million dollars in revenue by enabling millions of free
downloads of these materials. Movie industry was
complaining that the company was making money out of
pirated material

21.  One of the world's largest file sharing sites.
 User base of at least a 150 million people around the
world
 So widely used that profits earned founder Kim
Dotcom 42 million dollars in 2011
 82,764,913 unique visitors
 1,000,000,000 page views throughout history
 25 petabytes of storage

24. 1. Counterfeiting
2. Internet Piracy
3. End User Piracy
4. Client-Server Overuse
5. Hard-Disk Loading

25.  This type of piracy is the illegal duplication,
distribution and/or sale of copyrighted material with
the intent of imitating the copyrighted product.

26.  This occurs when software is downloaded from the
Internet. The same purchasing rules apply to on-line
software purchases as for those bought in compact disc
format.

27.  This occurs when an individual reproduces copies of
software without authorization.

28.  This type of piracy occurs when too many users on a
network are using a central copy of a program at the
same time

29.  This occurs when a business sells new computers with
illegal copies of software loaded onto the hard disks to
make the purchase of the machines more attractive.

30.  Warning Sign
1. Prices that are too good to be true.
 Auction Sites
1. Unbundled OEM and System Builder software
2. No box and manual on CD
3. No tech support
4. Key/serial number only
5. Disc only
6. CD-R/backup copy
7. Software delivered via e-mail
8. Software described as "cannot be registered"
9. Compilation - more than one program on a single CD
 Spam
1. Be cautious of unsolicited spam that promotes Symantec/Norton branded software
2. File spam complaints with FTC
3. Visit sources of spam for more information on spam

31. 1. Decrease in Sales of Legal Copies
2. Retail Price Effects of Piracy
3. Estimating the Amount of Piracy
4. The Expectation of Piracy
5. Non-profit Losses
6. A Past Piracy Problem
 In June of 1996, the largest ever video piracy operation in the United States was
dismantled in New York. The nationwide counterfeit business sold more than
100,000 pirated videos a week, grossing approximately $500,000. The
investigation, dubbed “Operation Copy Cat”, culminated when search warrants
were executed by the New York City Police Department, assisted by the MPAA,
on 17 locations, including four labs. Authorities arrested 36 people and seized
817 VCRs, 77,641 pirated videos, $40,000 in case, 37,000 blank cassettes, more
than 100,000 sleeves, labels and other sophisticated equipment used in the
duplicating process. The economic impact on MPAA member companies is
estimated to be more than $87 million a year.

32.  There are two methods proposed by Peter Troost may help in the
war on piracy.
1. build copy protection into an operating system
2. Meterware (superdistribution)

33.  Even though anti-piracy organizations have made
great strides in their fight, with the enormous growth
of the Internet, current anti-piracy methods will not
completely stop piracy.
 The damage done to the industry and legitimate end
user does not outweigh the few advantages that piracy
does have. The chances of being caught, the fines, and
the jail sentences are constantly increasing.
 Organizations and industry need to come up with
solutions to increase copyright protection, inform the
uneducated, and negate the advantages that computer
piracy has.