2. What is the goal of scientific
psychology?
– To understand why people think and act as they
do.
– Follows the five major goals in Psychology.
Describe, explain, predict, control, and influence.
3. How important is science in
Psychology?
– It offers systematic and objective procedure to
gather information.
– It provides framework.
– It offers evidence-based solutions to problems.
– It guides practitioners.
4. LET’S DIVE INTO THE REAL
WORLD!
– There are times in a company wherein newly
installed machines are not effective to use.
– More people in the streets take more time to help
another person.
– The negative effects of social media use.
5. OBJECTIVES:
– To be well-versed in experimental methods.
– To apply the insights in real world.
– To apply the learnings in making psychological
research.
6. Psychology as a Science
– Establish relationships between
circumstances and behaviors.
– Fit these relationships into an orderly body
of knowledge.
7. Major Concern of Psychologists
– Humans and animals are
variable.
– We cannot repeat what has
been done. (as in exact)
8. How can we manage variability?
– Statistical treatment
– Control
11. Important terms to remember:
Inductive theories:
– Created from a solid database of empirical
observations.
Deductive theories:
– Can be precisely stated and tested.
– Hypotheses are created as tentative answers to
problems.
12. Postulates - fundamental or core assumptions of a
theory that are taken as self-evidently true.
Propositions - general relational statements that
may be true or false; not tested directly but used to
derive hypotheses.
Important terms to remember:
13. Important terms to remember:
Conceptual definitions - concepts in the hypotheses
are defined precisely so that accurate measures of the
concepts can be devised.
Operational definitions - procedures (or operations)
used to define particular constructs.
Replication - duplication or repetition of an
experiment or study to determine whether or not the
original findings are reliable.
14. Experimental Method
– the relationship of interest is between a set of
circumstances and a behavior.
• Independent variables
• Dependent variables
• Experimental group
• Control group
15. Experimental Method
• Informed consent - practice of telling study participants
about the nature of their participation in a proposed
experiment and then obtaining their written agreement
to participate
• Debriefing - informing study participants of the true
nature and purpose of a study after it is completed
16.
17. Correlational Method
– It is a general procedure for establishing an
association or relationship between events.
– Correlational coefficient - numerical index of the size
and direction of an association between two
variables.
– Correlation coefficients do not provide us with any
information about which variable causes the other.
19. Archival Research
It involves using previously collected data or
records to answer a research question (Ex.
Determine good performers from poor performers).
20. Quasi-Experiment
It is a design involves selecting groups, upon which
a variable is tested, without any random pre-
selection processes (Ex. Noise in the workplace).
21. True positives – Hits; see the presence
False positives – ‘false alarms’ ; identify presence of actual absence
False negatives – Misses; fails to see the target
True negative – Correct rejection; correctly see the absence of target