The document discusses the effects of European colonization beginning in the 15th century. It provides background on the major European powers that engaged in exploration and colonization - Portugal, Spain, England, and France. Prince Henry of Portugal established the first navigation school and sponsored voyages down the west coast of Africa. Christopher Columbus' voyages for Spain led to Spanish colonization of much of North and South America in search of gold and silver. The British and French later established large global empires as well.

1. Good Morning!Good Morning! 10/3/1310/3/13
EQ: What were the effects
of Colonization?
HW: Study Guide due
Friday. Test next
Wednesday.
SPONGE:
Analyze the
political cartoon.
What do you think
it means?

2. Color
India
RedRed
Color
Australia
RedRed

3. Anticipation Guide
• If you are finished with your map,
get a handout from the BLUE tray
and see how many blanks you
can fill in on your own.
• If you DON'T know it, leave it
blank

4.  God – spread of Christianity
 Goods – to trade and become
wealthy (gold and spices)
 Glory – explorers were seen as
heroes if they discovered new lands
Reasons for Exploration

5. • Military expeditions were sent out by the
Catholic Church to capture the Holy Land from
the Muslim Turks.
– This was not successful but it did have positive
results
• Europeans learned how to draw better maps and build
better ships
• Exposed Europeans to spices and goods from the East.
Crusades, the start of it all…

9.  European countries were looking for trade
routes to India and China
 Did not want to go through Mediterranean Sea,
dangerous territory
 Wanted access to the spices that were
available
 Cut out the Middle man and get products cheaper
Exploration Begins

10. This increased the empires of …..
The 1400s were a time of discovery and
exploration for Europe.
Main countries involved in exploration:
 Portugal
 Spain
 England
 France

12. S-C-L
• With your partner, discuss the
two questions on your notes.

14. Anticipation Guide
• Turn your paper over and see
how many blanks you can fill in
on your own.
• If you DON'T know it, leave it
blank

15. P

16.  1st Europeans to explore the unknown New
World
 1st to sail around the tip of Africa to Asia
 Also wanted to spread Christianity
 Mainly explored what is now Brazil in the New
World--this is why Brazilian culture today is
heavily influenced by Portugal
PORTUGAL

18.  Son of Portuguese king
 1418: started the first school for navigation
(taught map making, navigation, and astronomy)
 1434: sent an expedition to sail around dangerous
West African coast
 Made more than 50 trips down Africa’s west
coast
Prince Henry the Navigator

19. Prince Henry the Navigator

20. Institute of Sagres
• The Institute of Sagres was an important
research center in Portugal where several
breakthrough discoveries in mathematics and
naval technology occurred.

21. Institute of Sagres

22. Technology Advances!
• the compass
• the astrolabe
• the cross-staff
• the caravel

23.  According to legend, beyond this point in an area known as the "Green Sea of Darkness," the
sun was so close to the Earth that a person’s skin would burn black, the sea boiled, ships
caught on fire, and monsters hid waiting to smash the ships and eat the sailors. It took
fourteen voyages over a period of 12 years until a ship finally reached the equator.

24. • For the next 300 years, Portuguese sailors
continued to explore West Africa where they
established trading forts and posts
– By 1571, a string of outposts connected Portugal
to Africa, India, South Pacific Islands and Japan
• Portugal grew wealthy from these trade
routes, but its most profitable colony was
Brazil.
Portugal’s Empire

26.  Very curious about the New
World
 Wanted to have a larger empire
 Searched for spices, gold, and
silver
 So they began searching for a quicker
route to Asia through or around North
and South America
 Used missionaries to spread
Christianity
 Needed gold and silver to pay for
wars with the Turkish Empire
Spain

27.  King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella (Spain) sent him to
find another way to Asia
 1492: first expedition--landed
in the Caribbean and called it “
the Indies”- established
colonies for Spain
 Made 4 trips to the Caribbean
from 1492-1504
Christopher Columbus

28. Four Voyages of Columbus

29.  Huge empire that spanned the globe
 Spanish conquistadors conquered civilizations
in South America.
 Looking for gold and spices
 Missionaries converted natives to Christianity
 Claimed huge areas of North and South
America and ruled them for over 300 years.
Spain’s Empire

30. Line of Demarcation
• The Treaty of Tordesillas signed in
1494, divided the New World into
Spanish and the Portuguese
territories along the meridian 46
degrees West.
• The lands to the east would belong to
Portugal and the lands to the west to
Spain.
• Pope Alexander VI drew the line to
avoid conflict.

31. Line(s) of Demarcation

33.  Searched for riches, gold, and silver (like
Spain, but navy wasn’t as powerful)
 At one time Great Britain controlled: Canada,
Australia, India, parts of Africa, and many
islands
 Controlled America until 1776, Canada until
the 20th
century
 Colonized Australia and used it as a penal
colony (prison colony)
ENGLAND

34. The Sun Never Sets
• Eventually, after colonizing parts of Africa and
Asia, the British Empire became the largest empire
in history.
• At the peak of its power, it was often said that
“The sun never sets on the British Empire" because
it was so big that the sun was always shining on at
least one of its many colonies.

35. One-fourth of the World
• By 1921, the British
Empire controlled
about 458 million
people (a quarter of
the world's
population at that
time).
• It covered about 14.2
million square miles,
about a quarter of
Earth's total land
area.
• Cartoon showing Brit, Cecil Rhodes and his
desire to control all of Africa.

37.  Wanted a large empire, spices and riches, and
to spread Christianity
 Also really wanted animal furs (beaver)
 Enjoyed wearing hats and coats made out of animal
skins
FRANCE

38.  France possessed colonies around the world
from 1600 to 1900.
 Also dominated much of the European
Continent
 By 1812, France controlled much of Germany,
Italy and France
 Heavy influence on parts of Canada (Quebec)
France’s Empire

39. French Empire
France had two different empires.
The first (1608-1803), was in the
Americas. The second (1830-1960),
was in Africa and Asia.

40. In Canada, Quebec’s people traded
their furs for many French goods
such as metal objects, guns, alcohol,
and clothing.