The document discusses several types of cancers that commonly affect women, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer. It provides statistics on the prevalence of these cancers in India and describes risk factors, warning signs, and recommended screening tests for early detection. Breast cancer screening includes annual mammograms after age 45 and clinical breast exams. Cervical cancer screening involves Pap tests starting at age 21 and HPV testing after age 30. Colorectal cancer screening involves colonoscopies, sigmoidoscopies, or stool tests for those over 50 or at high risk.

1. Malignancies among
Women
Early detection &
Prevention
MATHEW VARGHESE V
MSN(RAK),FHNP (CMC
Vellore),CPEPC
Nursing officer
AIIMS Delhi
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2. Cancer Statistics in India
Positio
n
Male Female
1
LIP,ORAL CAVITY BREAST
2 LUNG CERVIX
3 STOMACH COLORECTUM
4 COLORECTUM OVARY
5 PHARYNX LIP,ORAL CAVITY
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3. Breast cancer
 Breast cancer is the most common
cancer in women in India and
accounts for 27% of all cancers in
women
 It can occur at any age, but the risk
goes up as you get older.
 Some women at high risk for breast
cancer because of their family history
and genetic tendency
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4. Warning Signs of Breast
Cancer
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5. Warning Signs of Breast
Cancer
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6. Breast Cancer Screening
Tests
Mammogram
A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast. Mammograms are the
best way to find breast cancer early.
After 45yrs it is always better to do mammograms every year.
Breast MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging )
A breast MRI uses magnets and radio waves to take pictures of
the breast.
Clinical Breast Exam
A clinical breast exam is an examination by a doctor or nurse,
who uses his or her hands to feel for lumps or other changes.
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7. Breast self examination
• Detects the majority of breast
abnormalities
• Potentially life-saving
• Monthly exam, at end of
menses
• Start in front of mirror
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9. Cervical cancer
 Cervical cancer can affect any woman
who is or has been sexually active.
 It occurs in women who have had the
human papilloma virus (HPV).
 This virus is passed during sex.
 Cervical cancer is also more likely in
women who smoke, have HIV or
AIDS, have poor nutrition.
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10. Warning signs of Cervical
Cancer
Bleeding after intercourse
Bleeding after menopause
Bleeding between periods
Bleeding following a pelvic exam
Having heavier menstrual periods
than usual or ones that last longer
than usual
Unusual vaginal discharge
Pain during sex
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11. Screening for Ca Cervix
The American Cancer Society recommends
 Cervical cancer testing should start at age
21
 Women between ages 21 and 29 should
have a Pap smear test done every 3 years.
 Above 30 years aged women should have
a Pap smear test plus an HPV(Human
Papilloma Virus) test has to done every 3-5
yrs
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12. Colorectal cancer
Most colorectal cancers are found in
people age 50 or older.
 People with a personal or family
history of this cancer,
or who have polyps in their colon or
rectum,
or those with inflammatory bowel
disease
are more likely to have colon cancer.
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13. Warning signs of Colorectal
cancer
 A change in bowel habits, such as
diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of
the stool, that lasts for more than a few
days
 A feeling that you need to have a bowel
movement that is not relieved by doing
so
 Rectal bleeding
 Dark stools, or blood in the stool
 Cramping or abdominal (belly) pain
 Weakness and fatigue
 Unintended weight loss 13mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

14. Screening of Colorectal
Cancer
 Two types of tests
1.Tests that find polyps and cancer
2.Tests that mainly find cancer
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15. Tests that find polyps and
cancer
 Colonoscopy every 10 years
 CT Colonography (virtual
colonoscopy) every 5 years
 Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
 Double-contrast barium enema every
5 years
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16. Tests that mainly find
cancer
 Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
every year
 Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) every
year
 Stool DNA test every 3 years
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