Mobilidade e Computação Pervasiva

mobilidade e computação pervasiva
especialização em design de interação


computação pervasiva

?


Ubiqüidade ou pervasividade computacional é oquot;
resultado do avanço acelerado da tecnologiaquot;
computacional, uma tendência a dotar qualquerquot;
produto feito pelo homem com hardware equot;
software.


A pervasividade computacional vai além do
domínio dos computadores pessoais: a idéia é
que praticamente qualquer coisa, de carros a
roupas, de xícaras de café a casas e
ambientes, e até mesmo o corpo humano,
possam ser dotados de chips que permitam
conectá-los a outros dispositivos em rede.


computação ubíqua

computação tangível

computação “vestível”

objetos inteligentes

inteligência ambiental

(...)


Mark Weiserquot;

Xerox Palo Alto Research Centerquot;
XEROX PARCquot;

1988quot;
Ubiquitous Computing Programquot;
Computer Science Laboratory


The Computer of the 21st Centuryquot;
(Mark Weiser, Scientiﬁc American, 1991)


The most profound technologies
are those that disappear.quot;

They weave themselves into the
fabric of everyday life until they
are indistinguishable from it.


exemplos de tecnologias que “desapareceram”?


abcdefghijk
lmnopqrst
uwvxyzquot;
1234567890


vídeo: aprendendo a usar o livro


mais exemplos de tecnologias que “desapareceram”?


como uma tecnologiaquot;
desaparece?


como uma tecnologia
desaparece?
possui uma interface fácil de usarquot;


como uma tecnologia
desaparece?

é aplicável em diferentes contextos


como uma tecnologia
desaparece?

é aplicável em diferentes contextosquot;

está inserida no cotidiano do cidadão “comum”


desaparecerquot;
sair do foco de atenção


percepção

centro
x
periferia


percepção

centro
x
periferia
Exige mais Exige menos atenção,
atenção
trabalha em segundo
plano
Maior desgaste
Menor desgaste
Tomada de
decisão mais Tomada de decisão
racional
mais intuitiva


a tecnologiaquot;
computacionalquot;
desapareceu?


a tecnologiaquot;
computacionalquot;
desapareceu?
possui uma interface fácil de usar?quot;

é aplicável em diferentes contextos?quot;

está inserida no cotidiano do cidadão “comum”?


mainframes

Computadores
como ferramenta de
trabalho


mainframes

interfaces
projetadas por
proﬁssionais de
ciência da
computação

usuário se adequa
ao sistema


década de 80
surgimento da GUI
(Graphical User
Interface)

designers atuando na
camada de apresentação
de sistemas computacionais
(principalmente proﬁssionais
de comunicação visual)

Xerox Star (1981)


década de 80
surgimento da GUI
(Graphical User
Interface)

Mac OS desktop (1984)


década de 80
surgimento da GUI
(Graphical User
Interface)


Windows 3.11 (1993)


século XXI
popularização do PC


computador como
“eletrodoméstico”


século XXI
telefonia móvel

aumento da complexidade
do projeto de mídia
interativa, múltiplas
competências envolvidas no
projeto da interface


pervasividade
computacional
computadores
internet

OBJETOSquot;
PC
BROWSER
INTELIGENTES

década de 80
década de 90
século XXI

imóvel
portátil
isolado
em rede


momento de transição


funções e programas inclusos

# Bubble Breaker # - Tasks
# Calculator # - Notes
# Camera (photos & video) # Phone
# Downloads (Verizon) # Pocket MSN®
# File Explorer # Quick Tour
# Internet Explorer Mobile # Search
# Microsoft® Office Mobile # SMS & MMS Messaging
# - Word Mobile™ # Solitaire
# - Excel® Mobile # Sounds Manager
# - PowerPoint® Mobile # Terminal Services Client
# Microsoft® Office Outlook® Mobile # Voice Command
# - Email # Windows Media® Player Mobile
# - Calendar # Wireless Sync Downloader
# - Contacts


diversas interfaces para
operar os programas


computadores atuaisquot;
paradigma do “canivete suíço”


pervasive computing compares to a traditional PC
like batteries to a power plant: not as powerful,
but available everywhere, in different shapes,
for many different applications.
Prof. Dr. Jochen Schiller, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany


available everywhere
in different shapes
for many different applications


available everywhere
in different shapes
for many different applications

+
trocando informações entre si
conectados à internet


o paradigma do canivete suíço
deverá ser revisto


maior “ﬂuidez” no acesso ao
ambiente virtual


ambiente virtual

computador integrado aos
objetos e ao ambiente


ambiente virtual


novas interfacesquot;
(tangible, wearable etc.)


ambiente virtual


novas interfacesquot;
(tangible, wearable etc.)

integração entre o mundo
“físico” e o “virtual”


visões do futuro…


vídeo: minority report (2002)


Things That Think Consortium
MIT Media Lab (1995)

Things That Think is inventing the future of
digitally augmented objects and environments.

We bring a unique, boundary-breaking
perspective to research, uniting leaders in
science, engineering, design, and art.

Grounded by extensive corporate sponsor
interaction, our prototypes and demonstrations
aim to inspire the products and services of
tomorrow.

http://ttt.media.mit.edu/index.html



Tangible Media
Viral Communications
Responsive Environments
Smart Cities
Affective Computing
Lifelong Kindergarten
Object-Based Media
Design Ecology
Personal Robots
Computing Culture
Information Ecology
Biomechatronics
Software Agents
Changing Places
Ambient Intelligence
Opera of the Future
Camera Culture
Pentland
Speech + Mobility
Human Dynamics
Synthetic Neurobiology
Cognitive Machines
High-Low Techs
Music, Mind and Machines
Molecular Machines




How do we design interactions and
environments that are natural and enjoyable?

How do we coordinate enormously complex
systems of unreliable, sensate things
possessing millions of data channels in ways
that are elegant, efﬁcient, and unobtrusive?

What is the potential for augmented objects that
have an understanding of context and affect,
and that can interact with people at a much
deeper level than their inanimate status implies?

What are the quot;killer applicationsquot; of augmented
objects and environments that will signiﬁcantly
impact and enrich our business and home lives?



Fluid Interfaces Group (Ambient Intelligence Group)
MIT Media Lab

Pattie Maes

The goal of the Fluid Interfaces research group is to
radically rethink the human-machine interactive experience.
By designing interfaces that are more immersive, more
intelligent, and more interactive we are changing the
human-machine relationship and creating systems that are
more responsive to people's needs and actions, and that
become true quot;accessoriesquot; for expanding our minds.

hquot;p://ﬂuid.media.mit.edu/index.html


MIT Media Lab

quickiesquot;
post-its inteligentes
post-its são “interpretados” e
transpostos para ambiente
virtual.


MIT Media Lab

quickies: post-its inteligentes

Lista de tarefas

Lembretes (de reuniões, compromissos etc.)

Mensagens para outras pessoas

Telefones, endereços

Marcadores, “rótulos” para objetos e
documentos


MIT Media Lab

quickies: post-its inteligentes


MIT Media Lab

vídeo: quickies


MIT Media Lab

siftablesquot;
towards sensor network user interfaces


MIT Media Lab

vídeo: siftables


Affective Computing
MIT Media Lab

Rosalind Picard

Affective Computing is computing that relates to, arises from, or
deliberately inﬂuences emotion or other affective phenomena.
Our research has contributed to:
(1)  Designing new ways for people to communicate affective-cognitive states,
especially through creation of novel wearable sensors and new machine learning
algorithms that jointly analyze multimodal channels of information;
(2)  Creating new techniques to assess frustration, stress, and mood indirectly, through
natural interaction and conversation;
(3)  Showing how computers can be more emotionally intelligent, especially responding
to a person's frustration in a way that reduces negative feelings;
(4)  Inventing personal technologies for improving self-awareness of affective state and
its selective communication to others;
(5)  Increasing understanding of how affect inﬂuences personal health; and
(6)  Pioneering studies examining ethical issues in affective computing.

http://affect.media.mitedu/


Affective Computing
MIT Media Lab

projetos
•  Evaluation Tool for Recognition of Social-Emotional Expressions from Facial-Head
Movements

•  FaceReader: Affective-Cognitive State Inference from Facial Video

•  iCalm (TM): Comfortable, Wearable, Wireless Bio-Sensing

•  Affective-Cognitive Product Evaluation and Prediction of Customer Decisions

•  Passive Wireless Heart-Rate Sensor

•  SmileSeeker: Customer and Employee Affect Tagging System

http://affect.media.mitedu/


Tangible Media group
MIT Media Lab

Hiroshi Ishii

Tangible Bits is our vision of Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
which guides our research in the Tangible Media Group. People
have developed sophisticated skills for sensing and
manipulating our physical environments. However, most of
these skills are not employed by traditional GUI (Graphical User
Interface).

Tangible Bits seeks to build upon these skills by giving physical
form to digital information, seamlessly coupling the dual worlds
of bits and atoms.

http://tangible.media.mit.edu


MIT Media Lab

Hiroshi Ishii

Guided by the Tangible Bits vision, we are designing quot;tangible user
interfacesquot; which employ physical objects, surfaces, and spaces as
tangible embodiments of digital information. These include foreground
interactions with graspable objects and augmented surfaces, exploiting
the human senses of touch and kinesthesia. We are also exploring
background information displays which use quot;ambient mediaquot; -- ambient
light, sound, airﬂow, and water movement. Here, we seek to communicate
digitally-mediated senses of activity and presence at the periphery of
human awareness.

The goal is to change the quot;painted bitsquot; of GUIs (Graphical User
Interfaces) to quot;tangible bits,quot; taking advantage of the richness of
multimodal human senses and skills developed through our lifetime of
interaction with the physical world.



MIT Media Lab

jabberstamp
Crianças podem gravar narrativas
para seus desenhos, associando
cada narrativa a um ponto
especíﬁco no desenho.

Ao encostar uma “corneta”
especial nos pontos, a narrativa é
reproduzida.



MIT Media Lab

vídeo: jabberstamp



Cooltown
HP

Our vision of a technology future where people, places, and
things are ﬁrst class citizens of the connected world, wired
and wireless - a place where e-services meet the physical
world, where humans are mobile, devices and services are
federated and context-aware, and everything has a web
presence.

In cooltown, technology transforms human experience from
consumer lifestyles to business processes by enabling
mobility.

Cooltown is infused with the energy of the online world, and
web-based appliances and e-services give you what you
need when and where you need it for work, play, life.

2000-2002


Cooltown
HP

vídeo: cooltown


Almaden Research Center
IBM

creating computers that know how you feel

In the future, ordinary household devices ― such as televisions,
refrigerators, and ovens ― may be able to do their jobs when we
look at them and speak to them.

2001
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/BlueEyes/


Almaden Research Center
IBM

BlueEyes
BlueEyes uses sensing technology to identify a user's actions
and to extract key information. This information is then
analyzed to determine the user's physical, emotional, or
informational state, which in turn can be used to help make
the user more productive by performing expected actions or
by providing expected information.

For example, a BlueEyes-enabled television could become
active when the user makes eye contact, at which point the
user could then tell the television to quot;turn onquot;.

2001
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/BlueEyes/


Project Oxygen
MIT – Computer Science and Artiﬁcial Intelligence Laboratory

In the future, computation will be human-centered. It will be
freely available everywhere, like batteries and power sockets,
or oxygen in the air we breathe. It will enter the human world,
handling our goals and needs and helping us to do more while
doing less. We will not need to carry our own devices around
with us. Instead, conﬁgurable generic devices, either handheld
or embedded in the environment, will bring computation to us,
whenever we need it and wherever we might be.

As we interact with these quot;anonymousquot; devices, they will
adopt our information personalities. They will respect our
desires for privacy and security. We won't have to type, click,
or learn new computer jargon. Instead, we'll communicate
naturally, using speech and gestures that describe our intent
(quot;send this to Hariquot; or quot;print that picture on the nearest color
printerquot;), and leave it to the computer to carry out our will.

http://oxygen.csail.mit.edu
2004


Project Oxygen
MIT – Computer Science and Artiﬁcial Intelligence Laboratory

http://oxygen.csail.mit.edu
2004


Microsoft Research

97 grupos de pesquisa

grupos de pesquisa ligados à ubicomp
•  Visualization and Interaction for Business and Entertainment (VIBE) (Redmond)
•  Socio-Digital Systems (Cambridge)
•  Sensors and Devices (Cambridge)
•  Hardware Devices (Redmond)
•  Adaptive Systems and Interaction (Redmond)

http://research.microsoft.com


Microsoft Research
Socio-Digital Systems

whereabouts clock
The Whereabouts Clock is a situated
display for the kitchen wall which displays
the general whereabouts of family
members using cell phone data.

The Whereabouts Clock works by using
cell phone data. When a family member's
cell phone is on, it automatically transmits
SMS messages to the device when that
person moves from one registered zone
(such as quot;homequot;) into another registered
zone (such as quot;schoolquot;).

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/sds


Microsoft Research
Socio-Digital Systems
Whereabouts clock
The use of the “clock” metaphor is deliberate because
it implies some important things about its design:

•  is a situated display designed for the home, to be
attached to the wall in a useful place in the home,
where it becomes part of the routine of family life;

•  it broadcasts information to the whole family, rather
than to one individual;

•  the interface is deliberately designed to let the family
see information “at a glance”;

•  it can only be seen when in the home;

•  it displays only coarse-grained information, as
precise location isn’t necessary for planning a meal,
knowing someone is on their way home, for example.

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/sds


vídeo: intel future vision


reality check…em que pé estamos?


algumas peças do quebra-cabeça


RFID tags


RFID tags

radioquot;
frequency
identiﬁcation
tags

etiquetas de
identiﬁcação por
radiofrequênciaquot;
(ondas de rádio)


RFID tags

ANTENA 
RFID  read 
Tag  write 

antena (interrogator) emite sinal (alcance variável)


RFID tags

ANTENA 
RFID  read 
Tag  write 

transpoder (etiqueta RFID) recebe sinal.


RFID tags

ANTENA 
RFID  read 
Tag  write 

transpoder (etiqueta RFID) responde ao sinal, enviando informações arquivadas.


RFID tags

constituídas de:

1) antena

2) chip (memória read only ou read/write)

3) bateria (somente tags ativas)


RFID tags

passivas
dependem do sinal da antena
emissora (interrogator) para funcionar.

“reﬂetem” (backscatter) o sinal com os
dados armazenados.

ativas
não dependem do sinal da antena
emissora (interrogator) para funcionar;

têm maior alcance


RFID tags

RFID tags ou código de barras?


RFID tags

•  maior quantidade de dados
•  informações podem ser alteradas
•  não precisa de leitura ótica, direta
•  vários itens podem ser lido ao mesmo tempo
•  dependendo do tipo, leitura a distâncias maiores
•  mais resistente


RFID tags: aplicações


re-collect: for things that you really value

fonte: http://recollect4you.weebly.com


vídeo: re-collect


vídeo: library RFID sorting system


foto: César Rodrigues/ AAN)
fonte: http://g1.globo.com


Amal Graafstra

fonte: http://amal.net/rfid.html


vídeo: amal graafstra



tweeting cat door
Coleira com RFID tags
permite a entrada dos gatos
Gus e Penny na casa.

Quando Gus ou Penny
passam pela porta, uma foto
é tirada e enviada ao Twitpic,
e um novo post no Twitter
avisa se eles saíram ou
entraram na casa.

fonte: http://tweetingcatdoor.com/


fonte: http://twitter.com/GusAndPenny


fonte: http://twitpic.com/photos/gusandpenny


fonte: http://tweetingcatdoor.com/


near ﬁeld communication (NFC)


near ﬁeld communication (NFC)

troca de dados
publicidade
interativa

pagamentos
chave eletrônica

fonte: http://www.nokia.com/A41229033


vídeo: touch project


que outras aplicações são possíveis?


IPv6


IPv6

revisão do protocolo para criação
de endereços que permitem
identiﬁcar elementos de uma rede


IPv6

2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7332


IPv6

2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

2000:0db8:75a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7224


IPv4

32 bit = 2 32


IPv4

32 bit = 2 32

aproximadamente 4 bilhões de endereços
(4.294.967.296)


IPv4
criado em 1981

Internet ainda restrita ao meio acadêmico


IPv4
criado em 1981

Internet ainda restrita ao meio acadêmico

IPv4 address exhaustion
previsão para agosto de 2011


IPv6

128 bit = 2 128


IPv6

128 bit = 2 128

aproximadamente 340 undecilhões de endereços
(340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

ou

3.4 x 1038


IPv4: 66.230.200.110

IPv6: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334


6,5x10 endereços
23
por metro quadrado da terra


5x10 28 endereços por pessoa


IPv6

2002:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7332
2000:0db8:75a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7224


IPv6

2000:0db8:75a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7224


transmissão de dados


condições ideais de transmissão de dados para
a computação pervasiva

• sem ﬁo
• banda larga
• distribuído, ubíquo, presente em qualquer lugar
• auto-detecção
• longo alcance



Wi-Fi
IEEE 802.11g
54 Mbpsquot;
(valor nominal máximo)quot;

~100mquot;
alcance limitado



WiMAX
IEEE 802.16e
70 Mbpsquot;
(valor nominal máximo)quot;

~50kmquot;
longo alcance



bluetooth
baixo consumo de energia
alcance limitado (1 a 100m)
1 a 3 Mbps



bluetooth 3.0
ultra-wideband (UWB)
480 Mbps



WUSB
wireless USB
480 Mbps (3m de alcance)
110 Mbps (10m alcance)



auto-detecção…


perceber o contexto


perceber?


perceber?
sensores


sensores

sportSemble
The data from our system provides the
ability to understand the forces and
torques that an athletes joints and
body segments undergo during
activity. It also allows for precise
biomechanical modeling of an athletes
motion. These two married together give
the ability to recognize and analyze
different styles of athletic gesture.

http://www.media.mit.edu/resenv/sportSemble/


sensores

continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)

http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov


sensores

quietcare

http://www.quietcaresystems.com


sensores

iris recognition


sensores

thirsty light

medição constante da
umidade da terra permite
perceber quando é
necessário regar as
plantas.


sensores

botanicalls

plantas “avisam” quando
precisam de água.

podem ligar para o seu telefone

podem atualizar sua página do Twitter


sensores

vídeo: botanicalls


sensores

very nervous system
(1986-1990)
David Rokeby

Very Nervous System is the third
generation of interactive sound
installations which I have
created. In these systems, I use
video cameras, image
processors, computers,
synthesizers and a sound system
to create a space in which the
movements of one's body create
sound and/or music


sensores

vídeo: very nervous system


sensores

“emoções”?


sensores

MindReader
Affective-Cognitive State Inference from Facial Video
(Affective Computing Group – MIT Media Lab)

The very ﬁrst level is the Facial Action Units (AUs) module, which uses the facial
coordinates from the face tracker to calculate the changes in the facial expressions
across several frames, things such as the eye brows, lips and head movement.

These are then fed into the Face Gestures module, which uses Hidden Markov Models
(HMM) to estimate facial gestures, things such as smile, head nod, head shake.

Finally, Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN) is used to estimate the current mental
state of the person using the history of face gestures detected across several frames.
Like the Gestures module, the API comes with a training set for the supported mental
states, and one is free to deﬁne new mental state

Dr. Rana el Kaliouby
http://trac.media.mit.edu/mindreader/


sensores

neutral interface technology
research & optimization lab

Department of Biomedical Engineering
University of Winsconsin-Madison

vídeo: the brain-twitter interface


que outros sensores podemos usar?


novos materiais


flexible lightweight computer screen
Arizona State University’s Flexible Display Center + HP

fonte: http://ﬂexdisplay.asu.edu


flexible lightweight computer screen
Arizona State University’s Flexible Display Center + HP

vídeo: FDC ﬂexible display

fonte: http://ﬂexdisplay.asu.edu


vídeo: Sony Flexible OLED display


kinetic flexible OLED cell phone
Kyocera

fonte: http://www.inhabitat.com


nanotecnologia

vídeo: Nokia Morph

fonte: http://www.inhabitat.com


dynamic textures

fonte: http://www.dynamictextures.com


novas interfaces


ambient umbrella
ambient devices

fonte: http://www.ambientdevices.com


data fountain

http://www.koert.com/work/datafountain/


weather patterns

http://loop.ph/bin/view/Loop/WeatherPatterns


weather patterns

The setup at New British Designers is
using aviation weather data provided by
the National Weather Service from the
following locations:

London (EGSS - Stansted Airport)
Paris (LFPG - Charles de Gaulle Airport)
Amsterdam (EHAM - Schiphol Airport)

Each Weather Pattern corresponds to one
city and displays current temperature,
relative humidity, wind speed and wind
direction.

http://loop.ph/bin/view/Loop/WeatherPatterns


TeamAware jersey
Key Centre of Design Computing & Cognition
University of Sydney

fonte: Mitchell Page and Andrew Vande Moere


jacket antics

fonte: http://subtela.hexagram.ca/


fonte: http://research.philips.com


i-garment
Miguel Rios Design + YDreams + Instituto de Telecomunicações

uniforme inteligente de combate
a incêndios ﬂorestais
blusão e calças que integram
sensores, acelerômetros, eletrodos
para medição dos batimentos
cardíacos e sistemas de
telecomunicações terrestres e via
satélite.

fonte: http://www.miguelriosdesign.eu/


i-garment
Miguel Rios Design + YDreams + Instituto de Telecomunicações

fonte: http://www.miguelriosdesign.eu/


accessory nerve
cute circuit

Accessory Nerve is a
Bluetooth mono-
sleeve accessory for
mobile phones that
changes pattern
(creating pleats on the
fabric) when a user
receives phone calls.

fonte: http://www.cutecircuit.com


elektex
tecido condutor, sensível ao toque

fonte: http://www.eleksen.com


fonte: http://www.eleksen.com


Steve Mann (Universidade de Toronto)

1990
Final dos anos 90
1980
Equipamento distribuído
Tecido condutor
Equipamento carregado na mochila
Cabos e ﬁos costurados na Comunicação via web,
Aparência não era uma
parte interna da roupa.
transmissão de vídeo
preocupação
Comunicação via internet
Computador não é percebido
Comunicação via rádio


Steve Mann (Universidade de Toronto)

versão atual

fonte: http://www.wearcam.org


fonte: http://www.research.philips.com/


LightWand
Philips Research

fonte: http://www.research.philips.com/


vídeo: Jun Rekimoto | Augmented Surfaces (1999)


vídeo: sandscape


vídeo: Jeff Han | Multitouch (2006)


vídeo: Microsoft Surface (2007)


vídeo: oblong: g-speak


vídeo: sixth sense


vídeo: history tablecloth (2005)


novas interações


hug-shirt



hug-shirt
cute circuit

Ao tocar nas áreas em
vermelho o celular
recebe os dados via
Bluetooth (pressão do
abraço, temperatura do
corpo, ritmo cardíaco,
duração do abraço etc)
e, em seguida, envia à
outra pessoa.



mutsugoto
distance lab

fonte: http://www.distancelab.org


good night lamp

fonte: http://www.goodnightlamp.com


nabaztag

fonte: http://www.nabaztag.com


nabaztag

vídeo: violet nabaztag

fonte: http://www.nabaztag.com


vídeo: Microsoft Future Vision


implicações para o design de interação?


implicações para a sociedade?


vídeo: jealous computer

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Plus de Mauro Pinheiro

Plus de Mauro Pinheiro (20)

Mobilidade e Computação Pervasiva

Notes de l'éditeur